scholarly journals Exploring the Substantial Role of Multiplex Pcr to Diagnose Malaria in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Narayan Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Keshav Rai ◽  
Suman Rijal ◽  
Anup Ghimire ◽  
Basudha Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
False Diagnosis ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Malaria is still a major health problem in Nepal as 43.3% of population are at risk of infection. However, the national priorities have been given to achieve malaria elimination in Nepal, the question of diag­nostic accuracy could jeopardize the elimination target. Among others, multiplex PCR could be the reliable alternative tool to detect the low num­ber of parasitemia and circulating asymptomatic infection in low endemic countries like Nepal. Hence, this paper aims to analyse the diagnostic pre­cision among microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and multiplex real time PCR assay. Methods: A total of 63 archived blood samples obtained from patient with clinical suspicion of malaria were subjected to multiplex PCR and their re­sults were compared with microscopy and rapid diagnostic test. The La­tent Class Analysis (LCA) approach was used to compare the diagnostic precision among three different assays. Results: Our study documented that PCR had 97.4% sensitivity and 83.9% specificity. Among the negative microscopy results, 10 (15.9%) were false negatives whereas 4 (6.3%) RDT results were false negatives based on PCR results. Conclusions: PCR could be the useful alternative tool to detect the low number of parasite in low endemic settings which could be crucial to rule out the false diagnosis determined by microscopy or RDT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a new rapid-diagnostic test for peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: the PERIPLEX® device.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Durand ◽  
Christian Verger
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positives ◽  
French Language ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Rule Out

In 2017, the British company MOLOGIC developed a new rapid-diagnostic test (PERIPLEX®) for the diagnosis of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. This single-use test is based on the detection in dialysate of two biomarkers of bacterial infection: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). The test was evaluated in a prospective multicenter study including 10 centers from the RDPLF (French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry). A total of 184 tests were performed; 86 tests were negative and 98 were positive. 85 peritonitis were confirmed. There were no false-negatives, and 13 false-positives. Of the 13 false-positives, 7 of them were for sepsis without peritonitis, or peritoneal inflammation. The performance of the test is considered excellent: sensitivity 100%, specificity 86.9%, positive predictive value 86.7%, negative predictive value 100%. In this study, a negative test can formally rule out the diagnosis of peritonitis.

scholarly journals Precision Preventive Medicine of Relapse in Smoking Cessation: Can MRI Inform the Search of Intermediate Phenotypes?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Yolaine Rabat ◽  
Sandra Chanraud ◽  
Majd Abdallah ◽  
Igor Sibon ◽  
Sylvie Berthoz
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Chronic tobacco smoking remains a major health problem worldwide. Numerous smokers wish to quit but most fail, even if they are helped. The possibility of identifying neuro-biomarkers in smokers at high risk of relapse could be of incredible progress toward personalized prevention therapy. Our aim is to provide a scoping review of this research topic in the field of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and to review the studies that investigated if MRI defined markers predicted smoking cessation treatment outcome (abstainers versus relapsers). Based on the available literature, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. We thus provide an overview of the results obtained and take stock of methodological issues that will need to be addressed to pave the way toward precision medicine. Based on the most consistent findings, we discuss the pivotal role of the insula in light of the most recent neurocognitive models of addiction.

scholarly journals A Review of Nutritional Factors in Hypertension Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Olaide A. Odelola ◽  
Janani Rangaswami ◽  
Aman Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Nutritional Factors

Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Its attendant morbidity and mortality complications have a great impact on patient’s quality of life and survival. Optimizing blood pressure control has been shown to improve overall health outcomes. In addition to pharmacological therapies, nonpharmacological approach such as dietary modification plays an important role in controlling blood pressure. Many dietary components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium have been studied substantially in the past decades. While some of these nutrients have clear evidence for their recommendation, some remain controversial and are still of ongoing study. Dietary modification is often discussed with patients and can provide a great benefit in blood pressure regulation. As such, reviewing the current evidence will be very useful in guiding patients and their physician and/or dietician in decision making. In this review article of nutritional factors in hypertension management, we aim to examine the role of nutritional factors individually and as components of whole dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction and Neutrophil Degranulation as Central Events in Sepsis Physiopathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6272
Author(s):  
Marta Martín-Fernández ◽  
Álvaro Tamayo-Velasco ◽  
Rocío Aller ◽  
Hugo Gonzalo-Benito ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
New Biomarkers

Sepsis is a major health problem worldwide. It is a time-dependent disease, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In this sense, an early diagnosis is essential to reduce these rates. The progressive increase of both the incidence and prevalence of sepsis has translated into a significant socioeconomic burden for health systems. Currently, it is the leading cause of noncoronary mortality worldwide and represents one of the most prevalent pathologies both in hospital emergency services and in intensive care units. In this article, we review the role of both endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil dysregulation in the physiopathology of this disease. The lack of a key symptom in sepsis makes it difficult to obtain a quick and accurate diagnosis of this condition. Thus, it is essential to have fast and reliable diagnostic tools. In this sense, the use of biomarkers can be a very important alternative when it comes to achieving these goals. Both new biomarkers and treatments related to endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil dysregulation deserve to be further investigated in order to open new venues for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sepsis.

scholarly journals Regulation of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjian Shi ◽  
Hongqin Yang ◽  
Zhengchao Wang ◽  
Zhenghong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Common Malignancy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of endogenous nanoscale vesicles that are secreted by various cell types. Based on their biogenesis and size distribution, EVs can be broadly classified as exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes are enveloped by lipid bilayers with a size of 30–150 nm in diameter, which contain diverse biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes transport their bioactive cargoes from original cells to recipient cells, thus play crucial roles in mediating intercellular communication. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and remains a major health problem worldwide, diagnostic strategies and therapies aimed at breast cancer are still limited. Growing evidence shows that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, including tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Here, we provide a straightforward overview of exosomes and highlight the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, moreover, we discuss the potential application of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Exploring the Possible Role of Nature in Curing Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ravinder Sharma ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Viney Chawla ◽  
Pooja Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Background: Communicable diseases have always been a threat to mankind since times immemorial. Leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by protozoan of various species of leishmania, is a major health problem spreading across 98 countries and about 350 million people stand the risk of this infection worldwide. Medical research has struggled a lot to combat this disease. Objective: Among the various approaches available for treatment of Leishmaniasis, many are costly so there is a need to develop effective but economical and easily available antileishmanial agents. Methods: Natural products are important source of various new medicaments and their derivatives can be used for synthetic modification and bioactivity optimization. Therefore, in order to fulfil the need for novel, economical, more effective and safer chemotherapeutic agents, scientists have explored Mother Nature in detail. Results: A number of plant species possess inhibitory activity against certain types of parasites such as Leishmania major, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania aethiopica, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania donovani. Moreover natural products are economical, safer, more effective and without considerable side effects. Conclusion: The present review highlights the leishmanicidal activity of various natural products with an insight in to their possible mechanism.

scholarly journals Infeksi Chlamydia Trachomatis pada Penderita Karsinoma Serviks Terinfeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) tipe 16 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Indri Ramayanti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Radical Mechanism ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Papilloma Virus

Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasm amongwomenin developing countries and remains as a major health problem world wide. In Indonesia,the incident of cervical carcinoma are around 180.000 new cases per year or 90-100 nevvcancers among 100.000 communities. Several studies have reported the role of HPV as anSTD agent (Sexually Trasmitted Disease). Cofactor in the HPV infection accelerate up thedevelopment of infection into cancer One of the STD cofactor is co infection with C.trachomatis. Infection ofC. trachomatis is perceived as cofoctor that synergatedwith HPVthroughfree radical mechanism and immune system.The objective of the study is to know the presence of C. trachomatis infection hadpotencyfor being cofactor HPV I 6 in cervical carcinoma patients.Twentylhree sample of cervical smeati cervical carcinoma biopsies and freshtissue obtained from surgerydep, from DR. Sardjito Hospital, Yogtalurta. The DNAisolated of samples were amplified by PCR using primer (E6for-vvard and reversed) fromORF E6 HPV I 6. Sample with positive DNA HPV I 6 was then ampli/ied C. trachomatis genus i ng p ri m er (C C 3 / C C Q from th e s e q uen c e of cry ptic C hl amy dia p I asmid.The research showed thatfrom 23 cases of cervical carcinomawere obtained HPVpositive type 16 with 16 cases (69,5%o). From 16 cases of HPV type 16 positive cervicalcarcinoma, 15 cases were examined to know the presence of C. trachomatis and wereobtained 8 cases (53,j%o) as C. trachomatis positive.

scholarly journals Empowerment of Sto.Yohanes Maria Vianey Catholic Church Youth Naibonat of East Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara as A Supervision of Tuberculosis Ingestion

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-741
Author(s):  
Novian A Yudhaswara ◽  
M Ibraar Ayatullah ◽  
Novelia G So o ◽  
Irwan Budiana ◽  
Norma Tiku Kambuno
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Church Youth ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes death, and is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia. The increase in cases of tuberculosis infection is still a major health problem in Naibonat Village, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Treatment failure, among others, was caused by patient non-compliance in ingesting drugs. It is hoped that the presence of supervisors to swallow drugs for TB patients is expected to help reduce TB infection cases. In Indonesian, a person who supervisors to swallow drugs is called “PMO” or “Pengawas menelan obat (PMO)” . Church Youth is an educated / educated group that is expected to have the ability to function as PMO. The purpose of this activity is to carry out PMO training for STO. Yohanes Maria Vianey Naibonat church youth through the method of lectures, discussions and microscopic training. The level of knowledge was measured using a questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test training. Youth who have been trained will be directed to become PMO’s for their families and closest neighbors who suffer from TB as well as agents of change in changing healthy behavior to prevent TB infection. The results of the activity showed a change in the level of knowledge before and after training from72% enough category to be good 89%. It was concluded that empowering church youth as PMO is an effort to suppress the increase in TB cases. The provision of PMO training can increase level of knowledge about TB so that regular and scheduled training will increase the ability and understanding of the role of PMO in reducing the incidence of TB in the community.

scholarly journals The Role of N-Acetyl Sistein in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Resti Yudhawati ◽  
Nitya Prasanta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mucolytic Agent

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and it is still the major health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can induce oxidative stress. Some studies has proved that active TB patients have an association with excessive oxidative stress which causes glutathione (GSH) level decrease and free radicals increase. Glutathione (GSH) facilitates the control of M.TB intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages and has direct antimicrobial activity.  N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is thiol, a precursor of L-cysteine and glutathione synthesis (GSH) that has been used for decades as a mucolytic agent in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Some studies report beneficial role of NAC as immunomodulator, besides NAC also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect in TB management.

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