scholarly journals Neotropical otter diet variation between a lentic and a lotic systems

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Orlando García-Silva ◽  
Juan Pablo Gallo ◽  
Marcos Bucio-Pacheco ◽  
José María Medrano-López ◽  
Perla Margarita Meza-Inostroza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
High Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lotic Systems ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Lontra Longicaudis ◽  
River Fish

Neotropical otters have been scarcely studied at the northern edge of their distribution in Mexico.  The species has nocturnal-twilight habits, and their principal food is fish and crustaceans.  The aim of this work was to know the foraging habits of Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) in two monitoring sites one lentic and the other one lotic systems of the Río San Lorenzo, Sinaloa México.  From February 2009 to January 2010, we surveyed the area during the four seasons by walking 15 km of the river edge of Río San Lorenzo, and 15 km at the El Comedero reservoir.  We collected 318 scats, 155 in the reservoir and 163 in the river.  Fish were the most abundant prey item in both places, with a frequency of occurrence of 98.1 % in the river and 100 % in the reservoir.  The percentage of occurrence varied largely in the other prey items in both places.  Seven taxonomic groups compose their foraging habits in the river (relative frequency in parentheses): fish (64.3 %), insects (9.2 %), mollusks (6.8 %), birds (6.0 %), mammals (5.6 %), crustaceans (5.2 %) and fruits (2.8 %).  Five taxonomic groups in the reservoir compose it: fish (65.1 %), birds (22.7 %), mammals (9.2 %), fruits (2.5 %) and insects (0.4 %). The most important fish in the diet belonged to the genus Oreochromis, which includes an introduced species.  We conclude that the Neotropical otter is an opportunistic carnivore that preys mainly on fish, probably due to their high availability, but they also forage in other taxa that are available at Río San Lorenzo basin.

Deceptive Ambiguity by Police and Prosecutors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Shuy
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Police Interviews ◽  
Performance Errors ◽  
Criminal Suspects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Speech Events

Much is written about how criminal suspects, defendants, and undercover targets use ambiguous language in their interactions with police, prosecutors, and undercover agents. This book examines the other side of the coin, describing fifteen criminal investigations demonstrating how police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants use deceptive ambiguity with their subjects, which leads to misrepresentations of the speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar. These misrepresentations affect the perceptions of judges and juries about the subjects’ motives, predispositions, intentions, and voluntariness. Deception is commonly considered intentional while ambiguity is often excused as unintentional performance errors. Although perhaps overreliance on Grice’s maxim of sincerity leads some to believe this, interactions of suspects, defendants, and targets with representatives of law are adversarial, non-cooperative events that enable participants to ignore or violate the cooperative principle. One effective way the government does this is to use ambiguity deceptively. Later listeners to the recordings of such conversations may not recognize this ambiguity and react in ways that the subjects may not have intended. Deceptive ambiguity is clearly intentional in undercover operations and the case examples illustrate that the practice also is alive and well in police interviews and prosecutorial questioning. The book concludes with a summary of how the deceptive ambiguity used by representatives of the government affected the perception of the subjects’ predisposition, intentionality and voluntariness, followed by a comparison of the relative frequency of deceptive ambiguity used by the government in its representations of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar.

scholarly journals Effects of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results (KR) in the acquisition of motor skills

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Leandro R. Palhares ◽  
Alessandro T. Bruzi ◽  
Guilherme M. Lage ◽  
João V. A. P. Fialho ◽  
Herbert Ugrinowitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Delay Interval ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Serial Task

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of relative frequency and delay interval of Knowledge of Results (KR) in the acquisition of a serial motor skill. Sixty students were randomly distributed in 2 experiments, with three groups in each experiment (n = 10). The Experiment 1 investigated the effects of the KR frequency without KR delay interval and the Experiment 2 investigated the effects of the KR frequency with KR delay interval (3 seconds) in the acquisition of a serial motor skill. The serial task consisted of putting a tennis ball into six holes, positioned in a wood platform in a previously determined target time. In both experiments, the subjects performed 60 trials in target time of 2,700 ms, in the acquisition phase. In the Experiment 1, the results showed superiority of G33 in relation to the other groups, during the tests. In the Experiment 2, the results did not show any difference among the groups. These results are discussed with respect to the effect of KR delay interval, showing the role of combination of the variables.  

scholarly journals Productive efficiency of the Triticali crop compared to some other cereal crops under dry rain-fed systems and irrigation in Libya

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Ali Salem Shreidi ◽  
Ahmed Elzintani ◽  
Fatema Elmangosh ◽  
Kaled Aboud
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Production Areas

A field experiment was carried out through four seasons 98-2001 to study the efficiency of some Triticali lines compared with the most dominant cereal crops in the country durum , bread wheat and barley under tow main agriculture zones conditions common in production areas across all the country rainfed and irrigated in the desert areas .The results showed that the barley was out yielded the Triticali and the other cereal crops under rained conditions 1.49 ton/ha for barley and 0.91,069and 1.08 ton/ha for triticali , bread wheat and durum respectively ,but at the same time all Triticali lines over yielded the all cereal types under the irrigated conditions, the triticali means was(7.0-9.0) ton/ha compared with barley,durum and bread wheat 6.0,6.71,6.58 ton/ha respectively. The study recommended that the possibility of using triticali as good potential and economic yield especially under irrigated conditions as food and feed crops for their contents compared with the other cereal crops.

scholarly journals Enhancing Fault Tolerance of Cloud Nodes using Replication Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2040-2044
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
High Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Virtual Node ◽  
Adaptive Scheme ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
Tolerance Method ◽  
Selection Of

The cloud technologies are gaining boom in the field of information technology. But on the same side cloud computing sometimes results in failures. These failures demand more reliable frameworks with high availability of computers acting as nodes. The request made by the user is replicated and sent to various VMs. If one of the VMs fail, the other can respond to increase the reliability. A lot of research has been done and being carried out to suggest various schemes for fault tolerance thus increasing the reliability. Earlier schemes focus on only one way of dealing with faults but the scheme proposed by the the author in this paper presents an adaptive scheme that deals with the issues related to fault tolerance in various cloud infrastructure. The projected scheme uses adaptive behavior during the selection of replication and fine-grained checkpointing methods for attaining a reliable cloud infrastructure that can handle different client requirements. In addition to it the algorithm also determines the best suited fault tolerance method for every designated virtual node. Zheng, Zhou,. Lyu and I. King (2012).

Two Non-senses of “Probability”

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Probability ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Principle Of Indifference ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This chapter engages in some ground-clearing. Two concepts have been proposed to play the role of objective probability. One is associated with the idea that probability involves mere counting of possibilities (often wrongly attributed to Laplace). The other is frequentism, the idea that probability can be defined as long-run relative frequency in some actual or hypothetical sequence of events. Associated with the idea that probability is merely a matter of counting of possibilities is a temptation to believe that there is a principle, called the Principle of Indifference, which can generate probabilities out of ignorance. In this chapter the reasons that neither of these approaches can achieve its goal are rehearsed, with reference to historical discussions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It includes some of the prehistory of discussions of what has come to be known, misleadingly, as Bertrand’s paradox.

scholarly journals Aspects of the Glaciology of Meighen Island, Northwest Territories, Canada

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The North ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Made In

Abstract Meighen Island lies in the centre of the north coast of the Queen Elizabeth Islands and fronts on the Arctic Ocean. An ice cap of about 76 km.2 covers about one-tenth of the island. Its greatest thickness of 150 m. occurs under the summit, near the south end, which was 268 m. above sea-level in 1960. The northern half of the ice cap is less than 30 m. thick; and the total volume is of the order of 2,000 × 106 m.3. Precipitation is low in the northern Queen Elizabeth Islands, and Meighen Island lies in an area where summer temperatures are lowest. In the winters of 1959–60, 1960–61 and 1961–62, the snow accumulation was 12.6, 18.2 and 14.1 cm. of water equivalent. Some snowfall remained on the higher part of the ice cap in the cold summer of 1961; but the ice cap diminished in volume in each year; by 36 × 106, 72 × 106, 22 × 106 and 91 × 106 m.3 in the 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1962 ablation seasons. If the conditions of these four seasons were maintained the ice cap would disappear in about 100 yr. However, a radio-carbon dating of a saxifrage exposed by the retreat of the ice from a small nunatak near the northern edge gave a date of less than 100 yr., and it appears that the existence of the ice cap might be sensitively related to recent climatic change. Careful surveys were made in 1959, 1960 and 1961 in an attempt to detect movement in the ice cap. Unequivocal evidence is not available from these surveys; but the stake network has been maintained and another survey has recently been completed.

scholarly journals Horizontal Pod Autoscaling in Kubernetes for Elastic Container Orchestration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tung Nguyen ◽  
Yu-Jin Yeom ◽  
Taehong Kim ◽  
Dae-Heon Park ◽  
Sehan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
High Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
External Software ◽  
Elastic Container ◽  
Container Orchestration ◽  
Seamless Service

Kubernetes, an open-source container orchestration platform, enables high availability and scalability through diverse autoscaling mechanisms such as Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA), Vertical Pod Autoscaler and Cluster Autoscaler. Amongst them, HPA helps provide seamless service by dynamically scaling up and down the number of resource units, called pods, without having to restart the whole system. Kubernetes monitors default Resource Metrics including CPU and memory usage of host machines and their pods. On the other hand, Custom Metrics, provided by external software such as Prometheus, are customizable to monitor a wide collection of metrics. In this paper, we investigate HPA through diverse experiments to provide critical knowledge on its operational behaviors. We also discuss the essential difference between Kubernetes Resource Metrics (KRM) and Prometheus Custom Metrics (PCM) and how they affect HPA’s performance. Lastly, we provide deeper insights and lessons on how to optimize the performance of HPA for researchers, developers, and system administrators working with Kubernetes in the future.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Characterization Reveals Pronounced Seasonality in the Diversity and Structure of the Phyllosphere Bacterial Community in a Mediterranean Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Vokou ◽  
Savvas Genitsaris ◽  
Katerina Karamanoli ◽  
Katerina Vareli ◽  
Marina Zachari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Seasonal Environment ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

We explore how the phyllosphere microbial community responds to a very seasonal environment such as the Mediterranean. For this, we studied the epiphytic bacterial community of a Mediterranean ecosystem in summer and winter, expecting to detect seasonal differences at their maximum. With high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we detected the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) present in the phyllosphere and also in the surrounding air. The epiphytic community is approximately five orders of magnitude denser than the airborne one and is made almost exclusively by habitat specialists. The two communities differ considerably but Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are dominant in both. Of the five most abundant phyllosphere OTUs, two were closely related to Sphingomonas strains, one to Methylobacterium and the other two to Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales. We found the epiphytic community to become much richer, more distinct, even and diverse, denser and more connected in summer. In contrast, there was no difference in the level of bacterial colonization of the phyllosphere between the two seasons, although there were seasonal differences for individual taxonomic groups: Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes and Chlroroflexi had a higher participation in summer, whereas the major Proteobacteria classes presented reverse patterns, with Betaproteobacteria increasing in summer at the expense of the prominent Alphaproteobacteria.

Evaluation of the Florida Strawberry Advisory System for Control of Botrytis and Anthracnose Fruit Rots in Ohio

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Cordova ◽  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
L. L. Wilson ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
N. A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Four Seasons

The Florida Strawberry Advisory System (StAS) forecasts the need for fungicide applications for control of Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) and anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) based on leaf wetness and temperature during the moist period. StAS was evaluated in Ohio for four seasons from 2011 to 2014 and compared with the calendar-based system currently used by growers. BFR was severe in 2011 and 2013 and nearly absent in the other years, whereas AFR was not a problem in any of the four years. Using the calendar-based system, five to six applications were made each year for BFR, whereas only two or fewer were recommended using StAS. For AFR control, six to seven applications were made based on the calendar system, whereas three or fewer were recommended by StAS. There was no case in which the calendar program outperformed the StAS in disease management. Use of StAS would greatly reduce the number of sprays needed for control of fruit rot diseases and result in significant savings for Ohio strawberry growers.

Response Variables in the Estimation of Relative Frequency

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Pitz
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Response Variables

6 groups of 20 Ss each observed a sequential series of digits, 4s and 8s, and judged what proportion (P) of the total was made up by one of the digits. Three kinds of response were used, estimates of percentage, the ratio of one frequency to the other, and the two frequencies themselves. P was varied from .1 to .9, either by holding total frequency constant, or by holding one frequency constant and varying the second. All responses were converted to log ratios, and the relationship of log estimated ratio to log ratio was found to be generally linear. There were significant differences in scales of proportion for the three response modes, and for the two methods of P variation. Percentages, ratios and frequencies gave different slopes, which were possibly a function of an assimilation-contrast effect. Differences due to methods of P variation were thought to result primarily from differences in total frequency at certain levels of P.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document