Pysico-Chemical Analysis of Bore Wells and Open Wells Drinking Water of, Kathalal Region

The study area is located in the arid section of Punjab province, Pakistan. The accessibility of freshwater is the main problem in this area. The area is mainly flat and alluvial deposits are present down to 800 m. The groundwater is not fit for drinking because of its salinity. Hence, it is essential to mark the transition between fresh water and saltwater. Resistivity models were used to locate freshwater areas. The saltwater areas are between 10 and 30 m deep. Salt flats and clayrich deposits are visible on resistivity maps and were identified by low resistance values. After linking resistivity data and maps, it is determined that the south portion of the area has a freshwater aquifer, especially at a depth of 200 m. At this depth, the quality of water is very good, regardless of its mild salinity in some areas. The margin between salty and freshwater is set to no degree. This is dependent upon the recharge and usage of an aquifer. Groundwater pollution poses a severe threat to the city’s residents. Results from the physio-chemical analysis of the water samples confirm the presence of arsenic in excessive amounts in water samples and are outside the limits set by the WHO and NDWQS. Just two out of 10 samples are within the limits for safe drinking water. The results of this research are valued for groundwater management and the installation of tubular wells in freshwater areas for households and irrigation purposes.

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Empire Turf ® chemical fertilization grown on three substrates

Horticulture International Journal ◽

10.15406/hij.2021.05.00221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 145-149

Author(s):

Jéssica Cristina Meira Bezerra ◽

Matheus Vinicios Leal do Nascimento ◽

Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Brian Turati Rezende ◽

Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Single Dose ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Sand Soil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chemical Fertilization ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Empire Turf® was the first national cultivar developed, compared to traditional Emerald grass, the Empire is characterized by fast establishment, high erosion control, tolerance to irrigation with non-drinking water, firmer carpets, good drought and salinity tolerance, shading and low demands on soil fertility. However, despite all these desirable characteristics, the development and establishment of the grass will depend on its handling and especially on the substrate in which it is installed. Thus, this study evaluated the development of Empire Turf® conducted on three substrates, with chemical fertilization. The experiment was carried out in containers (volume of 8.5 L) filled with the treatments: T1 - soil; T2 - soil + sand + soil conditioner (1v:1v:1v) and T3 - soil + sand (1v:1v), forming a completely randomized design with three treatments and three repetitions, considering each container as an experimental unit. On March 30, 2019, the first evaluation was carried out, then the treatments received chemical fertilization (NPK+S 13-5-13+14), using 20g of the commercial product diluted in 2L of water, being a single dose per container. After 15 days, in the 2nd evaluation, it was evaluated: foliar chemical analysis, the foliar chlorophyll index (FCI), fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM). The results indicated that Empire Turf® presents a rapid response of 15 days, after maintenance fertilization with 10g L-1 of NPK+S (13-5-13+14), having better development when cultivated in soil + sand compound substrate (1v:1v).

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Stripping Techniques for the Analysis of Odourous Compounds in Drinking Water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1983.0138 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 15 (6-7) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R Sävenhed ◽

H Borén ◽

A Grimvall ◽

A Tjeder

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Sensory Analysis ◽

Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Stripping Method

To develop a systematic procedure for the identification of odourous organic compounds in drinking water Grob's stripping method was modified to improve the concentration of odourous compounds. Sensory analysis of stripped waters and concentrates of stripped compounds showed that the yield of odourous compounds increased substantially at elevated stripping temperatures and prolonged stripping times. Chemical analysis showed an increased recovery of semipolar compounds, e.g. aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. The change from a closed loop to an open stripping system has greatly simplified stripping analysis at higher temperatures. Raw and treated surface waters have been analysed. Capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for the separation and identification.

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Development of a Standard Method – Analysis of Compounds Causing Tastes and Odors in Drinking Water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0310 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Connie C. Young ◽

I. H. (Mel) Suffet

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Detection Limit ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Standard Method ◽

Gc Analysis ◽

Hexenyl Acetate ◽

Off Flavors ◽

Method Analysis

A standard method for analyzing 22 off-flavors in drinking water was developed. It includes chemical analysis - CLSA and SDE coupled with GC-MS, and sensory techniques - FPA and sensory GC analysis. Trans, trans-2,4-Heptadienal, a newly found fishy causing compound, was studied for its detection limit and OTC. Two grassy causing compounds, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexenyl acetate, were also evaluated.

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