scholarly journals Cluster Model of Seed Production of Domestic Potato Varieties on a Virus-Free Basis

Author(s):  
S. Volodin ◽  
◽  

The article analyzes the production of potatoes in Ukraine in 2005-2019 in all categories of farms, agricultural enterprises, farms, households. The problems of the present in the development of the potato industry have been clarified. It is proposed to create an integrated scientific and innovative system of production and sale of domestic potato seeds on the basis of partnership between science and business, in particular the creation of the Innovation Cluster «Ukrainian Potatoes». The tasks of the Innovation Cluster «Ukrainian Potato» are considered. The basic positions of the project «Ukrainian potato» are given. The stages of development of the business infrastructure of the Ukrainian Potato cluster are studied. Attention is paid to the research and production network of the project and the stages of project implementation of the Innovation Cluster «Ukrainian Potato». Further directions of research of this theme are offered.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Gao ◽  
Yaya Hu ◽  
Meikun Han ◽  
Junjie Xu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Continuous cropping obstacles from sweet potato are widespread, which seriously reduce the yield and quality, restrict the sustainable development of sweet potato industry. Bacteria are the most abundant in rhizospheric soil and have a certain relationship with continuous cropping obstacles. However, there are few reports on how continuous cropping affected the bacterial community structure in the rhizospheric soil of sweet potato. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technique was used to explore the changes of rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure of different sweet potato varieties, and the correlation between soil characteristics and this bacterial community after continuous cropping, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of sweet potato continuous cropping obstacles.Results: After two years of continuous cropping, the results showed that (1) the dominant bacteria phlya in rhizospheric soils from both Xushu18 and Yizi138 were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most dominant genus was Subgroup 6_norank. Significant changes in the relative abundance of rhizospheric soil bacteria were observed for two sweet potato varieties. (2) Bacterial richness and diversity indexes of rhizospheric soil from Xushu18 were higher than those from Yizi138 after continuous cropping. Moreover, the beneficial Lysobacter and Bacillus were more prevalent in Xushu18, but Yizi138 contained more harmful Gemmatimonadetes. (3) Soil pH decreased after continuous cropping, and redundancy analysis showed that soil pH was significantly correlated with bacterial community. Spearman’s rank correlations coefficients analysis demonstrated that pH was positively correlated with Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, and negatively correlated with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.Conclusions: After continuous cropping of sweet potato, the bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties in the rhizospheric soil were unbalanced, and the changes of different sweet potato varieties were different. The contents of Lysobacter and Bacillus were higher in the sweet potato variety resistant to continuous cropping. It provides a basis for the development of special microbial fertilizer for sweet potatoes to alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Emigdio Rodríguez ◽  
Quintín Palma ◽  
Edwin Lorenzo

A project for non-technical production of bean seeds was implemented in the Caisán and San Andrés districts of Renacimiento and Bugaba, province of Chiriquí, Panama, in 1989. The objectives of this project were to contribute to solve the problem of scarcity of good quality seeds to be used by producers, to accelerate diffusion of new varieties, and to train technicians and growers in the cultivation of beans for seed production. Over the eight years of the project implementation, an average of 25.23 t of seed per year have been produced in an area of 17 hectares, with an average yield of 1.512 kg/ha in both locations. Technicians and growers have been trained through seminars, workshops, demonstration plots, and field trips related to bean seed production. New technologies were diffused through the project, especially improved varieties including Barriles, Renacimiento, Primavera, IDIAP-R2 and IDIAP-C l. In order to handle the production and marketing of seeds produced annually in each productive area, farmers were organized in a seed-producers association.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (00) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Malik ◽  
Anuj Bhatnagar ◽  
Islam Ahmed

To achieve good health standards of potato seed, the site of potato seed production should be aphid free at least for 90 days or the number of aphids/100 compound leaf should not be more than 20, which is the critical level of aphid numbers. In the year 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13, 40 varieties of potato of CPRI, Shimla were planted in main crop seasons at Central Potato Research Institute Campus Modipuram (Meerut) and observations were recorded on the population buildup of M. persicae starting from arrival to attain its maximum. The population of aphids was different on potato varieties during different years and on the basis of observations, it was difficult to predict which variety to be first preferred by aphids. Kufri Girdhari recorded the least number of aphids.


2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Е.А. Симаков ◽  
Б.В. Анисимов ◽  
С.В. Жевора ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин ◽  
А.А. Журавлев ◽  
...  

Для преодоления зависимости товаропроизводителей от импорта зарубежного семенного материала, удовлетворения возросших требований к потребительским и столовым качествам клубней сортов картофеля и структуре целевого использования урожая определены приоритетные направления совершенствования селекции и семеноводства картофеля на ближайшую и длительную перспективу. Представлены результаты целенаправленной селекции сортов картофеля нового поколения различных сроков созревания с конкретными параметрами хозяйственно полезных признаков, определяющих их целевое использование в соответствии с запросами отечественного рынка картофеля. Предложена система мер по развитию селекции и семеноводства картофеля, способствующая повышению эффективности создания и использования потенциала отечественных сортов, наращиванию объемов производства качественного семенного материала высоких посевных стандартов. Среди них: скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, формирование, пополнение и поддержание признаковых генетических коллекций, разработка системы генетических и молекулярных маркеров ценных хозяйственных признаков, развитие селекционных программ по созданию сортов с пигментированной окраской мякоти клубней, повышенным содержанием антиоксидантов и высокой питательной ценностью, разработка эффективных приемов и методов взращивания высококачественного семенного картофеля на основе созданиях исходного материала, свободного от вирусных, вироидных и бактериальных фитопатогенов, освоение адаптивных ресурсо- и энергоэкономичных технологий и схем семеноводства картофеля, средств защиты, машин и механизмов, обеспечивающих качество сортовых семян, формирование региональной сети учреждений РАН и агропредприятий по оригинальному семеноводству картофеля, выделение специальных семеноводческих территорий с наиболее чистыми фитосанитарными условиями и т.п. Это позволит ускорить переход сельхозпредприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств на использование для посадки только сертифицированных семян не ниже 1-2 репродукций. To overcome the dependence of producers on imports of foreign seed material, to meet the increased requirements for the consumer and table qualities of potato tubers and the structure of the intended use of the crop, priority areas for improving the selection and seed production of potato in the near and long term have been identified. The results of purposeful selection of new generation potato varieties of different maturation periods with specific parameters of economically useful features that determine their intended use in accordance with the requirements of the domestic potato market are presented. The proposed system of measures on development of selection and seed potatoes, facilitate the creation and use of potential native varieties, increase production of quality seed material of high seed standards. Among them: screening and constant updating of the gene pool, formation, replenishment and maintenance genetic collections of traits, development of a system of genetic and molecular markers of valuable economic traits, development of selection programs for breeding cultivars with pigmented colour of tuber pulp, high content of antioxidants and high nutritional value, development of effective methods and methods for growing high-quality seed potatoes based on the creation of source material free from viral, viroid and bacterial phytopathogens, development of adaptive resource-and energy-efficient technologies and schemes for potato seed production, protective equipment, machines and mechanisms that ensure the quality of varietal seeds, formation of a regional network of RAS institutions and agricultural enterprises for original potato seed production, allocation of special seed-growing territories with the cleanest phytosanitary conditions. This will speed up the transition of agricultural enterprises and peasant (farm) farms to use only certified seeds for planting at least 1-2 reproductions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Simeon K. Komen ◽  
Julius O. Ochuodho ◽  
Elmada O. Auma

Abstract Potato is Kenya’s second staple food crop, grown by small scale farmers who recycle seed due to unavailability of certified one, resulting in diseases build-up that reduces yields. The subdivision of once seed farms and change of use in the 1980’s effectively limit availability of suitable land for seed production against high demand of quality seed. Hence search for alternative sites in the North Rift for seed production are being explored. However, current varieties in commercial production were not evaluated for their performance in this region. The objectives of the study were to identify suitable potato varieties for seed production and for which elevation in the region.Well sprouted seed tubers of six local varieties were planted at Kitale (1901 m), Kapcherop (2386 m) and Kibigos (2887 m) above sea level following recommended management practices. Plant emergence was slowest at Kibigos while fastest at Kitale. Stem density varied with varieties and attained maximum numbers at 56 days after planting. Most of the varieties had 80% of tubers in seed grade 70 days after planting at Kitale. Introduction of potato varieties should be preceded by evaluation for their performance as some varieties seem more suitable while others do well across the sites for seed production. In cooler areas like Kapcherop and Kibigos potato tubers remain younger, emerge slowly compared to warmer areas, but attain maximum emergence 30 days after planting. Some varieties like Dutch Ronjin, have high number of tubers in seed size category while some have more ware size potatoes grown in same elevation for the same growth period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 723 (3) ◽  
pp. 032013
Author(s):  
S E Terentyev ◽  
Ir N Romanova ◽  
K V Martynova ◽  
S M Knyazeva ◽  
M I Perepichai

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (5) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Arnason

Microspore tetrads were rarely formed in three male-sterile potato varieties studied. Dyads and triads were much more common. The failure of the second meiotic divisions appeared to be the main reason for the lack of tetrads. Many of the microspores aborted without enlarging, some did grow, however, and round off. In presumably mature anthers from open flowers, microspores were very variable in size and in the appearance of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Anther pores usually failed to open. The pollen-fertile varieties formed microspores that were almost entirely in tetrads. Mature anthers had roomy locules, open anther pores, and large numbers of uniform, sound-appearing pollen grains. They contained also some empty grains. About one-half the grains from one pollen-fertile line were empty. Abscission of buds and flowers is an important factor contributing to sterility or at least unfruitfulness in many potato varieties, including the three male-sterile ones reported in this paper. Following pollination with sound pollen, a few seeds have been obtained, though with some difficulty, from each of the male-sterile lines. Premature flower abscission rather than female sterility appears to be the main bar to seed production when sound pollen is applied.


1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Clarke ◽  
P. M. Lombard

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Irina Kim ◽  
Elena Barsukova ◽  
Petr Fisenko ◽  
Tatyana Chekushkina ◽  
Alena Chibizova ◽  
...  

Potatoes are strongly affected by pests and by pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral nature. The most common and economically significant potato viruses are Y (PVY), X (PVX), S (PVS), M (PVM), and potato leaf twisting virus (PLRV). The development of a virus-free bio-resource collection in vitro is the basis for plant breeding development and transferring seed production to a healthier foundation. In this regard, the aim of this research was to apply methods of recovery and select optimal conditions for in vitro propagation of a collection of virus-free potato varieties. A collection of 22 healthy virus-free potato varieties was developed and kept in vitro in the FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika". The recovery from viruses through joint use of tissue culture (apexes 2-4 mm) and chemotherapy (ribavirin) of the new potato variety Avgustin was carried out. The recovered test-tube plants, as well as the samples of six in vitro potato varieties that are in demand in plant breeding and seed production (Smak, Sante, Yantar, Zhukovsky ranny, Dachny, Adretta), were tested by enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) for latent infection with viruses Y (PVY), X (PVX), S (PVS), M (PVM), and L (PLRV). The evaluation for Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) was performed using PCR method. As a result of the study, no viral infections were detected in the recovered material and plants in vitro. The composition of nutrient medium for the microclonal propagation of potatoes that provides maximum value of the propagation rate is detected.


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