Current trends in the development of potato breeding and seed production in Russia

Для преодоления зависимости товаропроизводителей от импорта зарубежного семенного материала, удовлетворения возросших требований к потребительским и столовым качествам клубней сортов картофеля и структуре целевого использования урожая определены приоритетные направления совершенствования селекции и семеноводства картофеля на ближайшую и длительную перспективу. Представлены результаты целенаправленной селекции сортов картофеля нового поколения различных сроков созревания с конкретными параметрами хозяйственно полезных признаков, определяющих их целевое использование в соответствии с запросами отечественного рынка картофеля. Предложена система мер по развитию селекции и семеноводства картофеля, способствующая повышению эффективности создания и использования потенциала отечественных сортов, наращиванию объемов производства качественного семенного материала высоких посевных стандартов. Среди них: скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, формирование, пополнение и поддержание признаковых генетических коллекций, разработка системы генетических и молекулярных маркеров ценных хозяйственных признаков, развитие селекционных программ по созданию сортов с пигментированной окраской мякоти клубней, повышенным содержанием антиоксидантов и высокой питательной ценностью, разработка эффективных приемов и методов взращивания высококачественного семенного картофеля на основе созданиях исходного материала, свободного от вирусных, вироидных и бактериальных фитопатогенов, освоение адаптивных ресурсо- и энергоэкономичных технологий и схем семеноводства картофеля, средств защиты, машин и механизмов, обеспечивающих качество сортовых семян, формирование региональной сети учреждений РАН и агропредприятий по оригинальному семеноводству картофеля, выделение специальных семеноводческих территорий с наиболее чистыми фитосанитарными условиями и т.п. Это позволит ускорить переход сельхозпредприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств на использование для посадки только сертифицированных семян не ниже 1-2 репродукций. To overcome the dependence of producers on imports of foreign seed material, to meet the increased requirements for the consumer and table qualities of potato tubers and the structure of the intended use of the crop, priority areas for improving the selection and seed production of potato in the near and long term have been identified. The results of purposeful selection of new generation potato varieties of different maturation periods with specific parameters of economically useful features that determine their intended use in accordance with the requirements of the domestic potato market are presented. The proposed system of measures on development of selection and seed potatoes, facilitate the creation and use of potential native varieties, increase production of quality seed material of high seed standards. Among them: screening and constant updating of the gene pool, formation, replenishment and maintenance genetic collections of traits, development of a system of genetic and molecular markers of valuable economic traits, development of selection programs for breeding cultivars with pigmented colour of tuber pulp, high content of antioxidants and high nutritional value, development of effective methods and methods for growing high-quality seed potatoes based on the creation of source material free from viral, viroid and bacterial phytopathogens, development of adaptive resource-and energy-efficient technologies and schemes for potato seed production, protective equipment, machines and mechanisms that ensure the quality of varietal seeds, formation of a regional network of RAS institutions and agricultural enterprises for original potato seed production, allocation of special seed-growing territories with the cleanest phytosanitary conditions. This will speed up the transition of agricultural enterprises and peasant (farm) farms to use only certified seeds for planting at least 1-2 reproductions.

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EFFECT OF A MINERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES AND PLANT CUTTING PERIOD TO SEED POTATOES YIELD

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/4/58-60 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

М. N. Zakharova ◽

L. V. Rozhkova ◽

Е. Yu. Ushakova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Humus Content ◽

Field Tests ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

High Quality ◽

New Variety ◽

Seed Potatoes ◽

Seed Material ◽

High Quality Seed

To obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to form a crop that has the largest amount of standard seed fraction of tubers in its structure, and plants are less affected by viral infection. To obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to form a crop that has the largest amount of standard seed fraction of tubers in its structure, and plants are less affected by viral infection. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 on the experimental fields of ISA. The technology of cultivation of a new variety was studied in the link of crop rotation: peas – winter wheat + white mustard-potatoes – spring wheat. The area of the experiment is 0.25 ha, the accounting area is 10 m2, the repetition is fourfold. The soil of the site: dark gray forest, heavy loam; humus content of 3.15%; potassium is 16.2, phosphorus – 19,6; soil pH is 5.4. Predecessor – winter wheat. Scheme of experience. Application of mineral fertilizers before planting and mowing the tops after flowering: N96P96K96, after 30 days, N96P96K96-45, N128P128K128-30, N128P128K128-45 days. The yield was taken into account (24.09.18 and 23.09.19)with the analysis of tubers by fractions: large, seed and non-standard. Mathematical data processing was carried out by the method of dispersion analysis (Dospekhov B. A. Method of field experience, 1985). In the studies, the following protection systems were used: treatment of tubers with Maxim – 0.4 l/t, spraying with herbicides Lazurit Super-0.5 l / ha + Escudo-0.025 kg/ha, treatment of vegetating plants with fungicides Metaxil-2.5 kg/ha, Thanos-0.6 kg/ha and insecticide Borey-0.15 l / ha. The results of two-year field tests on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of mowing the tops on the yield of seed potatoes of the eupatium variety in the Ryazan region are presented. It was found that when cultivating seed potatoes using the proposed technology, the crop yield increased from 27.9 to 38.0 t/ha with a seed yield of 39.1 to 48.1%.

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Development of Potato Varieties in Latvia

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/prolas-2013-0052 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 296-301

Author(s):

Ilze Skrabule ◽

Gunta Bebre

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Potato Breeding ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Seed Material ◽

Potato Breeding Programme ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Set Up ◽

High Quality Seed ◽

The 19Th Century

The first potato varieties that reached the territory of Latvia were empirically selected clones from genetically diverse material brought from South America to Europe. In the 19th century, when agricultural production rapidly developed, the demand for high yielding potato varieties suitable to local growing conditions increased. Therefore, potato variety evaluation trials were set up. Scientifically- based potato breeding in Latvia was launched by P. Knappe. The potato breeding programme in Priekuïi Plant Breeding Station was started in 1931, and has still continued. Several breeding methods were used by potato breeders Ç. Knape, V. Gaujers, G. Bebre and others in Priekuïi. Potato breeding for short periods was carried out in several other places in Latvia: Stende, Carnikava, and Lejaskurzeme. The method of elimination of diseases in potato seed material and high quality seed material production was implemented in Priekuïi. More than 60 potato varieties have been created in Latvia, some of them were and still are in demand in agricultural production.

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BIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF REDUCTION OF Y-VIRUS REINFECTION DURING REPRODUCTION OF SEED POTATO WITH A LOW DEGREE OF INFECTION

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/2073-0462-2020-16-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

Faniya Zamalieva

Keyword(s):

Final Stage ◽

Planting Density ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Seed Potatoes ◽

Seed Material ◽

Low Degree ◽

Long Time ◽

Vector Activity ◽

Zero Values ◽

The Republic

The studies were carried out with the aim of biological substantiation of a decrease in Y-virus reinfection during the reproduction of seed potatoes with a low degree of infection. The experiments were carried out in 2001-2006 in Laishevskiy district of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2001-2003 and 2002-2004 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was 393 and 310 equivalent units, respectively, the degree of infestation at the final stage reached 45.8 and 20.8%. In 2003-2005 and 2004-2006 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was higher than in previous cycles by 2.0 ... 2.5 times (785 and 610 equivalent units, respectively), but the degree of infestation at the final stage was only 4.1% and 1, 7%. For the first time, a calculation formula was obtained and the distances between diseased potato plants were specified, depending on the degree of contamination of the seed material. With a planting density of 55 thousand plants/ha, the formula takes the following form: , where у is the distance between infected plants, meter; х is the degree of infection with the virus (х > 0), %. The relationship between the degree of planting infestation and the distance between diseased plants is inversely proportional, graphically it is a hyperbole. The dynamics of changes in the distance between infected plants was traced with a decrease in infection from 100% to close to zero values. It was revealed that the 1% level of infection is critical. With an increase in infestation from 1 to 100%, the distance between diseased plants decreases from 4.26 to 0.42 m, which is a small distance for winged aphids to overcome. A decrease in infestation from 1% to close to zero value may lead to an increase in the distance between diseased plants from 4.26 m to theoretically infinite. Seed material, with close to zero infection, is safe to reproduce for a long time without the risk of rapid reinfection, due to the significant distance for vectors between sources of infection and a decrease in the participation of most aphids in the transmission of viruses. The results obtained formed the basis for the potato seed-growing system and the technology for protecting seed potatoes from reinfection with the Y-virus in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

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Effect of dehaulming on yield of seed potatoes

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3970 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 443-448

Author(s):

AA Mahmud ◽

Sajeda Akhter ◽

MJ Hossain ◽

MKR Bhuiyan ◽

MA Hoque

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Potato ◽

Seed Size ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Seed Tuber ◽

Potato Production ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Seed Potato Production ◽

Seed Potatoes

The yield of seed size tubers was assessed in five standard potato cultivars (Cardinal, Multa, Ailsa, Heera, and Dheera) in relation to dates of dehaulming (65, 70, and 80 days after planting) in a Seed Potato Production Farm, Debijong, Panchagarh during 1996-97 and 1997-98. Dehaulming at 70 days gave maximum seed size tubers (19.75 t/ha ≈ 76%) but significantly identical to 75 days (19.56 t/ha ≈70%) and 80 days (18.69 t/ha ≈ 63%). Considering all the parameters studied, the performance of Heera proved to be best among the cultivars grown. Among the cultivars, the maximum seed tuber yield was recorded from Cardinal at 80 DAP followed by Heera and Cardinal at 70 DAP, Dheera and Ailsa at 75 DAP. In general, most of the cultivars gave the maximum seed tuber yield when the crop was dehaulmed at 70 and 80 DAP and the lowest from 65 DAP. Key Words: Dehaulming, potato, seed production. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3970 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 443-448, September 2009

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Development of small business in the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar territory economy

Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management ◽

10.31775/2305-3100-2019-4-49-55 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

E. A. Metelskaya

Keyword(s):

Small Businesses ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Agricultural Cooperatives ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Peasant Farm ◽

Krasnodar Region ◽

The Creation ◽

Agricultural Business ◽

Business Structures ◽

Agricultural Entrepreneurship

The national project for the development of small and medium-sized businesses has identified one of the objectives of improving the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises and the creation of new agricultural business structures. To do this, it is necessary to identify the economic problems of small agricultural enterprises and help them solve them, including the creation of favorable conditions that stimulate development. The purpose of the work was to assess the development of small agricultural entrepreneurship in the Krasnodar region and develop recommendations for its activation.Small forms of agricultural entrepreneurship in the Krasnodar region over the years of formation and development have shown their viability and high production potential. At the same time, their contribution to food production remains small. The article examines the formation and development of peasant (farm) farms and individual entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Krasnodar region. The main modern problems hindering the development of small agricultural farms and their associations, agricultural cooperatives are identified. Attention is focused on the “weak” places of state and regional support, and measures are proposed to improve it. It is proposed to make changes in the distribution of budget funds to support agricultural enterprises, increasing the share of small businesses, to ensure equal access of all categories of farms to preferential lending. When distributing the per-hectare subsidy, take into account the conditions of agricultural production. It is necessary to regulate the mechanisms of commodity interventions, purchases of agricultural products for state needs, and preferential tariffs for transportation.

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Ground control and state of elite potato seed breeding in the Central region of Russia and adjacent regions according to its data

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

S.E. Mikhalin S.E. ◽

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Central Region ◽

The State ◽

Ground Control ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Potato Diseases

The article sets out information on the conduct of soil control of the potato elite, provides information on the state of elite seed production of potatoes in the Central region of Russia according to the data of soil control - which regions participated in its implementation, how many samples and varieties of potatoes were provided for soil control in different years, what were the main varieties, which potato diseases were taken into account.

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Results and prospects for the development of scientific research in FSBSI FSVC

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2021-3-15-23 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

V. F. Pivovarov ◽

A. V. Soldatenko ◽

O. N. Pyshnaya ◽

L. K. Gurkina

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Microspore Culture ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

New Varieties ◽

The Creation

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

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