scholarly journals Forecasting hourly emergency department arrival using time series analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Avishek Choudhury ◽  
Estefania Urena
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Time Series Forecasting ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Auto Regressive

Background/aims The stochastic arrival of patients at hospital emergency departments complicates their management. More than 50% of a hospital's emergency department tends to operate beyond its normal capacity and eventually fails to deliver high-quality care. To address this concern, much research has been carried out using yearly, monthly and weekly time-series forecasting. This article discusses the use of hourly time-series forecasting to help improve emergency department management by predicting the arrival of future patients. Methods Emergency department admission data from January 2014 to August 2017 was retrieved from a hospital in Iowa. The auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt–Winters, TBATS, and neural network methods were implemented and compared as forecasters of hourly patient arrivals. Results The auto-regressive integrated moving average (3,0,0) (2,1,0) was selected as the best fit model, with minimum Akaike information criterion and Schwartz Bayesian criterion. The model was stationary and qualified under the Box–Ljung correlation test and the Jarque–Bera test for normality. The mean error and root mean square error were selected as performance measures. A mean error of 1.001 and a root mean square error of 1.55 were obtained. Conclusions The auto-regressive integrated moving average can be used to provide hourly forecasts for emergency department arrivals and can be implemented as a decision support system to aid staff when scheduling and adjusting emergency department arrivals.

A Study on Time Series Forecasting using Hybridization of Time Series Models and Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Iflah Aijaz ◽  
Parul Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Hybrid Models ◽  
Time Series Forecasting ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Mean Square

Introduction: Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are leading linear and non-linear models in Machine learning respectively for time series forecasting. Objective: This survey paper presents a review of recent advances in the area of Machine Learning techniques and artificial intelligence used for forecasting different events. Methods: This paper presents an extensive survey of work done in the field of Machine Learning where hybrid models for are compared to the basic models for forecasting on the basis of error parameters like Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE). Results: Table 1 summarizes important papers discussed in this paper on the basis of some parameters which explain the efficiency of hybrid models or when the model is used in isolation. Conclusion: The hybrid model has realized accurate results as compared when the models were used in isolation yet some research papers argue that hybrids cannot always outperform individual models.

scholarly journals Forecasting Exports and Imports by using Autoregressive (AR) with Seasonal Dummies and Box-Jenkins Approaches: A Case of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
Sahir Pervaiz Ghauri ◽  
Rizwan Raheem Ahmed ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Justas Streimikis
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Auto Regressive

This research aims to evaluate two econometric models to forecast imports and exports for the financial year (FY) 2020. For this purpose, we used the annual exports and imports data of Pakistan from FY2002 to FY2019. Thus, in this regard, we employed, and compared the results of two econometrics models such as Box Jenkins or Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Auto-Regressive (AR) with seasonal dummies. For examining the precision of forecasting, we employed mean absolute error and root mean square error approaches. The findings of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) reveal that the ARIMA or Box Jenkins approach provides better accuracy of the forecast for the exports as compared to the AR model with dummies. However, Auto-Regressive (AR) model has demonstrated more precision for the imports as compared to the Box Jenkins model. Hence, the projected forecasting for the growth of export is 1.87% for the FY2020 and projected forecasting for the import demonstrates a negative variation of -1.61% for the FY2020. The findings of the undertaken study recommend the policymakers of Pakistan to take corrective measures to increase exports and to prevent the country from the trade deficit. The policymakers of Pakistan should give more incentives to the exporters and decrease the cost of doing business to be more competitive than the regional economies such as India, Bangladesh, and China.

Peramalan harga beras IR64 kualitas III menggunakan metode Multi Layer Perceptron, Holt-Winters dan Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Anung B. Aribowo ◽  
Dedy Sugiarto ◽  
Iveline Anne Marie ◽  
Jeany Fadhilah Agatha Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Multi Layer Perceptron ◽  
Seasonal Component ◽  
A Value ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Auto Regressive

This paper aims to present the analysis of price movements of IR64 quality III at the Cipinang Rice Main Market (PIBC) and the accuracy comparison of forecasting using  Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Holt-Winters, and  Auto Reggressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. The data are daily price from 1 January 2016 to 31 May 2018 sourced from PT. Food Station. The analysis shows that the price of IR64 quality III rice tends to rise towards the end of 2016 and 2017. This is related to the decrease in the level of rice supply by January each year which encourages PT Food Station to conduct market operations to control the price of rice in the market. The results of accuracy comparison show that the MLP produces a value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5,67, Holt-Winters exponential smoothing with trend and additive seasonal component produces a value RMSE of 70.71 and ARIMA method with parameters (1,1,2) resulted in RMSE values ​​of 58.71. The RMSE values ​​of the MLP method have smaller values ​​than the Holt Winter and ARIMA methods which indicate that the MLP method is more accurate

scholarly journals The CSS and The Two-Staged Methods for Parameter Estimation in SARFIMA Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Egrioglu ◽  
Cagdas Hakan Aladag ◽  
Cem Kadilar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Seasonal Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (SARFIMA) models are used in the analysis of seasonal long memory-dependent time series. Two methods, which are conditional sum of squares (CSS) and two-staged methods introduced by Hosking (1984), are proposed to estimate the parameters of SARFIMA models. However, no simulation study has been conducted in the literature. Therefore, it is not known how these methods behave under different parameter settings and sample sizes in SARFIMA models. The aim of this study is to show the behavior of these methods by a simulation study. According to results of the simulation, advantages and disadvantages of both methods under different parameter settings and sample sizes are discussed by comparing the root mean square error (RMSE) obtained by the CSS and two-staged methods. As a result of the comparison, it is seen that CSS method produces better results than those obtained from the two-staged method.

scholarly journals Indian COVID-19 dynamics: Prediction using autoregressive integrated moving average modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Amit Tak ◽  
Sunita Dia ◽  
Mahendra Dia ◽  
Todd Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Akaike Information Criteria

Background: The forecasting of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) dynamics is a centrepiece in evidence-based disease management. Numerous approaches that use mathematical modelling have been used to predict the outcome of the pandemic, including data-driven models, empirical and hybrid models. This study was aimed at prediction of COVID-19 evolution in India using a model based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). Material and Methods: Real-time Indian data of cumulative cases and deaths of COVID-19 was retrieved from the Johns Hopkins dashboard. The dataset from 11 March 2020 to 25 June 2020 (n = 107 time points) was used to fit the autoregressive integrated moving average model. The model with minimum Akaike Information Criteria was used for forecasting. The predicted root mean square error (PredRMSE) and base root mean square error (BaseRMSE) were used to validate the model. Results: The ARIMA (1,3,2) and ARIMA (3,3,1) model fit best for cumulative cases and deaths, respectively, with minimum Akaike Information Criteria. The prediction of cumulative cases and deaths for next 10 days from 26 June 2020 to 5 July 2020 showed a trend toward continuous increment. The PredRMSE and BaseRMSE of ARIMA (1,3,2) model were 21,137 and 166,330, respectively. Similarly, PredRMSE and BaseRMSE of ARIMA (3,3,1) model were 668.7 and 5,431, respectively. Conclusion: It is proposed that data on COVID-19 be collected continuously, and that forecasting continue in real time. The COVID-19 forecast assist government in resource optimisation and evidence-based decision making for a subsequent state of affairs.

scholarly journals Validation of Operational WAVEWATCH III Wave Model Against Satellite Altimetry Data Over South West Indian Ocean Off-Coast of Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuki Sangalugeme ◽  
Philbert Luhunga ◽  
Agness Kijazi ◽  
Hamza Kabelwa
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Wavewatch Iii ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
South West ◽  
Wave Heights

The WAVEWATCH III model is a third generation wave model and is commonly used for wave forecasting over different oceans. In this study, the performance of WAVEWATCH III to simulate Ocean wave characteristics (wavelengths, and wave heights (amplitudes)) over the western Indian Ocean in the Coast of East African countries was validated against satellite observation data. Simulated significant wave heights (SWH) and wavelengths over the South West Indian Ocean domain during the month of June 2014 was compared with satellite observation. Statistical measures of model performance that includes bias, Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Standard Deviation of error (SDE) and Correlation Coefficient (r) are used. It is found that in June 2014, when the WAVEWATCH III model was forced by wind data from the Global Forecasting System (GFS), simulated the wave heights over the Coast of East African countries with biases, Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (r) and Standard Deviation of error (SDE) in the range of -0.25 to -0.39 m, 0.71 to 3.38 m, 0.84 to 1.84 m, 0.55 to 0.76 and 0.38 to 0.44 respectively. While, when the model was forced by wind data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Foresting (ECMWF) simulated wave height with biases, Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (r) and Standard Deviation of error (SDE) in the range of -0.034 to 0.008 m, 0.0006 to 0.049 m, 0.026 to 0.22 m, 0.76 to 0.89 and 0.31 to 0.41 respectively. This implies that the WAVEWATCH III model performs better in simulating wave characteristics over the South West of Indian Ocean when forced by the boundary condition from ECMWF than from GFS.

Predicting Daily Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Sudip Singh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Univariate Time Series ◽  
Partial Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Auto Regressive

India, with a population of over 1.38 billion, is facing high number of daily COVID-19 confirmed cases. In this chapter, the authors have applied ARIMA model (auto-regressive integrated moving average) to predict daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in India. Detailed univariate time series analysis was conducted on daily confirmed data from 19.03.2020 to 28.07.2020, and the predictions from the model were satisfactory with root mean square error (RSME) of 7,103. Data for this study was obtained from various reliable sources, including the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and http://covid19india.org/. The model identified was ARIMA(1,1,1) based on time series decomposition, autocorrelation function (ACF), and partial autocorrelation function (PACF).

scholarly journals Flood Detection and Susceptibility Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Time Series, Alternating Decision Trees, and Bag-ADTree Models

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayub Mohammadi ◽  
Khalil Valizadeh Kamran ◽  
Sadra Karimzadeh ◽  
Himan Shahabi ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Flood Detection ◽  
Flooded Areas

Flooding is one of the most damaging natural hazards globally. During the past three years, floods have claimed hundreds of lives and millions of dollars of damage in Iran. In this study, we detected flood locations and mapped areas susceptible to floods using time series satellite data analysis as well as a new model of bagging ensemble-based alternating decision trees, namely, bag-ADTree. We used Sentinel-1 data for flood detection and time series analysis. We employed twelve conditioning parameters of elevation, normalized difference’s vegetation index, slope, topographic wetness index, aspect, curvature, stream power index, lithology, drainage density, proximities to river, soil type, and rainfall for mapping areas susceptible to floods. ADTree and bag-ADTree models were used for flood susceptibility mapping. We used software of Sentinel application platform, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis, ArcGIS, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for preprocessing, processing, and postprocessing of the data. We extracted 199 locations as flooded areas, which were tested using a global positioning system to ensure that flooded areas were detected correctly. Root mean square error, accuracy, and the area under the ROC curve were used to validate the models. Findings showed that root mean square error was 0.31 and 0.3 for ADTree and bag-ADTree techniques, respectively. More findings illustrated that accuracy was obtained as 86.61 for bag-ADTree model, while it was 85.44 for ADTree method. Based on AUC, success and prediction rates were 0.736 and 0.786 for bag-ADTree algorithm, in order, while these proportions were 0.714 and 0.784 for ADTree. This study can be a good source of information for crisis management in the study area.

Digital mapping of the organic matter content of chernozem soils on an area endangered by erosion in the Mezőföld region

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szatmári ◽  
Károly Barta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Munkánkban egy mezőföldi, döntően szántóföldi hasznosítású, vízerózióval veszélyeztetett mintaterület talajtakarójának szervesanyag-tartalmára vonatkozóan kívántunk geostatisztikai alapú becslést adni. Az Előszállástól DNy-ra elhelyezkedő kutatási területen löszön képződött mészlepedékes csernozjom, illetve az erózió bizonyítékaként lejtőhordalék és földes kopár talajokat találunk.Munkánkban a legnagyobb kihívást a száz darab szervesanyag-tartalom adat átlagában megjelenő szisztematikus változás jelentette, mely trend (vagy drift) jelenlétére utalt. A trend jelenléte sérti a geostatisztikában ismeretes belső hipotézist, melynek fontos következménye, hogy a számított tapasztalati félvariogram alkalmatlan a szervesanyag-tartalom valoszin.segi fuggvenyenek masodik momentumanak a jellemzesere. E problema kikuszobolesere a regresszio krigelest, mint terbeli becslesi algoritmust hasznaltuk, mely szimultan alkalmazza a fugg. valtozo es a segedadatok kozotti regressziot es a regresszio reziduumain alapulo krigelest.A segedadatokat az altalunk elkeszitett digitalis domborzatmodellb.l es terulet-hasznositasi terkepb.l szarmaztattuk. A fuggetlen valtozok multikollinearitasanak elkerulese vegett f.komponens analizist vegeztunk. A tobbszoros linearis regresszio analizis soran 5%-os szignifikancia szint mellett 6 darab prediktor bizonyult szignifikansnak. A vizsgalat eredmenyekent kapott regresszio R2 erteke 54%-nak adodott, ami azt jelenti, hogy a szervesanyag-tartalom terbeli valtozekonysaganak tobb mint 50%-at le tudtuk irni a modellel. Ezt kovet.en elkeszitettuk a reziduumok tapasztalati felvariogramjat, mely kielegitette a bels. hipotezist. A felvariogramra elmeleti modellt illesztettunk. A regresszios fuggveny es az elmeleti felvariogram modell segitsegevel elvegezhet. volt a regresszio krigeles.A terbeli becsles eredmenyekent kapott humusztartalom terkepet 15 darab fuggetlen meresi adattal ertekeltuk. A kiszamitott ME (Mean Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) es RMNSE (Root Mean Normalized Square Error) parameterek erteke 0,063; 0,224 es 0,978 volt. A kapott eredmenyek alapjan azt a kovetkeztetest vontuk le, hogy a megszerkesztett szervesanyag-tartalom terkep jol kozeliti a mintateruleten varhato humusztartalom terbeli eloszlasat. Tovabbi vizsgalatokat vegeztunk az iranyban, hogy a humuszterkep kategoriai mikent viszonyulnak a terulethasznositasi tipusokhoz. A legalacsonyabb szervesanyag-tartalom kategoria maximalis terulettel a szantofoldeken jelentkezett, melynek oka a szerves anyag mestersegesen felgyorsitott mineralizaciojaval es a szantokat sujto vizerozioval magyarazhato.

scholarly journals Study on Apparent Kinetic Prediction Model of the Smelting Reduction Based on the Time-Series

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-feng Fan ◽  
Shan Qing ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Zhe Shi ◽  
Wei-Chiang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Data Mining Technique ◽  
Promising Alternative

A series of direct smelting reduction experiment has been carried out with high phosphorous iron ore of the different bases by thermogravimetric analyzer. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) data have been obtained from the experiments. One-step forward local weighted linear (LWL) method , one of the most suitable ways of predicting chaotic time-series methods which focus on the errors, is used to predict DTG. In the meanwhile, empirical mode decomposition-autoregressive (EMD-AR), a data mining technique in signal processing, is also used to predict DTG. The results show that (1) EMD-AR(4) is the most appropriate and its error is smaller than the former; (2) root mean square error (RMSE) has decreased about two-thirds; (3) standardized root mean square error (NMSE) has decreased in an order of magnitude. Finally in this paper, EMD-AR method has been improved by golden section weighting; its error would be smaller than before. Therefore, the improved EMD-AR model is a promising alternative for apparent reaction rate (DTG). The analytical results have been an important reference in the field of industrial control.

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