Domestic dogs: the behavioural implications of social living. Part 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 532-538
Author(s):  
Claire Patricia Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Social Flexibility

This article forms the second of a two-part series that considers how well the term ‘domestic dog’ can act as a predictor that the dog should experience no problems in co-existing with humans in domestic, family homes. The previous article took a brief look at the likely domestication process for the dog and suggested that free-roaming dogs (village, street or dump dogs) are better models for ‘natural’ canine behaviour, than that of the wolf. This article considers how well the dog's innate capacity for social flexibility with other dogs equips it for coping with social encounters with both dogs and humans in a complex human environment, and limitations in coping.

Domestic dogs: the behavioural implications of social living. Part 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Patricia Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Social Flexibility

For many, the term ‘domestic dog’ implies that the dog should experience no problems in coexisting with humans in domestic, family homes. This article is the first of a two-part series that takes a brief look at the likely domestication process for the dog and the development of the dog's innate capacity for social flexibility with other dogs and humans. A second article will consider how well the dog's social capacity fits it for coping with social encounters with both dogs and humans in a complex human environment.

Successful cloning of coyotes through interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer using domestic dog oocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insung Hwang ◽  
Yeon Woo Jeong ◽  
Joung Joo Kim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Mina Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Cloning Efficiency ◽  
Donor Cells

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is an emerging assisted reproductive technology (ART) for preserving Nature’s diversity. The scarcity of oocytes from some species makes utilisation of readily available oocytes inevitable. In the present study, we describe the successful cloning of coyotes (Canis latrans) through iSCNT using oocytes from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris or dingo). Transfer of 320 interspecies-reconstructed embryos into 22 domestic dog recipients resulted in six pregnancies, from which eight viable offspring were delivered. Fusion rate and cloning efficiency during iSCNT cloning of coyotes were not significantly different from those observed during intraspecies cloning of domestic dogs. Using neonatal fibroblasts as donor cells significantly improved the cloning efficiency compared with cloning using adult fibroblast donor cells (P < 0.05). The use of domestic dog oocytes in the cloning of coyotes in the present study holds promise for cloning other endangered species in the Canidae family using similar techniques. However, there are still limitations of the iSCNT technology, as demonstrated by births of morphologically abnormal coyotes and the clones’ inheritance of maternal domestic dog mitochondrial DNA.

Comparison of immunohistochemical profiles of ovarian germ cells in dysgerminomas of a captive maned wolf and domestic dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110199
Author(s):  
Rafael B. Rosa ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Paula R. Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando F. Argenta ◽  
Andréia Vielmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression ◽  
Maned Wolf

We characterized the immunohistochemical expression profiles of dysgerminomas from a 16-y-old maned wolf and 13 domestic dogs using the following biomarkers: Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), c-kit, and vimentin. The maned wolf had nonspecific and long-standing clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss, and was euthanized because of poor prognosis. At autopsy, the left ovary was effaced by a 12 × 8 × 6 cm mass, comprised of anaplastic cells with a mitotic count of 20 mitoses in 10 high power fields. Dysgerminomas from 7 of 13 domestic dogs had nuclear expression of SALL4. Dysgerminomas from the maned wolf and 2 domestic dogs had both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of SALL4. Cytoplasmic expression of PLAP and OCT3/4 was present in dysgerminomas from the maned wolf and 3 (PLAP) or 4 (OCT3/4) domestic dogs. All dysgerminomas expressed vimentin. Membranous c-kit expression was rare in the dysgerminoma from the maned wolf, and variable in dysgerminomas from 4 domestic dogs. A dysgerminoma from a domestic dog had cytoplasmic expression of c-kit. SALL4 is a useful marker to confirm germ cell origin of dysgerminoma in canids.

scholarly journals Modelling the influence of naturally acquired immunity from subclinical infection on outbreak dynamics and persistence of rabies in domestic dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009581
Author(s):  
Susannah Gold ◽  
Christl A. Donnelly ◽  
Rosie Woodroffe ◽  
Pierre Nouvellet
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Low Levels

A number of mathematical models have been developed for canine rabies to explore dynamics and inform control strategies. A common assumption of these models is that naturally acquired immunity plays no role in rabies dynamics. However, empirical studies have detected rabies-specific antibodies in healthy, unvaccinated domestic dogs, potentially due to immunizing, non-lethal exposure. We developed a stochastic model for canine rabies, parameterised for Laikipia County, Kenya, to explore the implications of different scenarios for naturally acquired immunity to rabies in domestic dogs. Simulating these scenarios using a non-spatial model indicated that low levels of immunity can act to limit rabies incidence and prevent depletion of the domestic dog population, increasing the probability of disease persistence. However, incorporating spatial structure and human response to high rabies incidence allowed the virus to persist in the absence of immunity. While low levels of immunity therefore had limited influence under a more realistic approximation of rabies dynamics, high rates of exposure leading to immunizing non-lethal exposure were required to produce population-level seroprevalences comparable with those reported in empirical studies. False positives and/or spatial variation may contribute to high empirical seroprevalences. However, if high seroprevalences are related to high exposure rates, these findings support the need for high vaccination coverage to effectively control this disease.

Isotope recycling in lactating dogs (Canis familiaris)

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R669-R676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scantlebury ◽  
Waring Hynds ◽  
Derek Booles ◽  
John R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Peak Lactation

Isotope-based techniques for the measurement of water turnover, energy expenditure, and milk intake often assume that there is no recycling of isotopes once they have left the labeled animal. In experiments involving lactating females or their suckling offspring, there are several possible routes of isotope recycling. These include the consumption of labeled milk by offspring, the ingestion of labeled excreta, and the rebreathing of exhaled labeled CO2 or water vapor by both mother and offspring. Isotope recycling might be especially important during lactation because the offspring are in close contact with each other and their mother for prolonged periods. We show here in 24- to 30-day-old domestic dog Canis familiarispuppies that there was no detectable transfer of 18O or2H from labeled to unlabeled pups in two litters (16 pups, 8 labeled, 8 unlabeled) that were weaned early and independent of their mother. However, there was a significant transfer of both isotopes from labeled to unlabeled pups and from labeled pups to their mothers in nine equivalent nursing litters of the same age (27 labeled, 26 unlabeled pups). The increases in enrichment of isotopes in unlabeled offspring were greater than the increases in enrichment of the mothers. This indicates that maternal ingestion of offspring excreta and subsequent transfer of isotope in milk is not the sole pathway of recycling. Additional routes must also be important, such as exchange of isotope between pups on saliva-coated nipples and perhaps direct ingestion of excreta by unweaned young. Recycling is unlikely to be an important factor when determining maternal metabolic rate during peak lactation in domestic dogs. However, experiments that are designed to assess the energy demands of pups and isotope-based estimates of water turnover in offspring may need to take into account any effects of isotope recycling. In a theoretical example, removing the effects of recycling increased the measured energy expenditure in pups by up to 7% and increased the calculated elimination rates of both isotopes by up to 11.1% in 18oxygen and 10.9% in2hydrogen.

scholarly journals Domestic dogs in a fragmented landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: abundance, habitat use and caring by owners

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC. Torres ◽  
PI. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Responsible Ownership ◽  
Patch Edge

This study aimed at estimating the population size and attitudes of residents towards caring for domestic dogs, through questionnaire surveys, as well as the frequency of these animals in different habitats (anthropic and forest patch), using scent stations. The study was conducted in a severely fragmented area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A large number of unrestricted dogs was recorded, averaging 6.2 ind/km². These dogs have owners and are regularly fed. Dog records decreased from the anthropogenic matrix to the forest patch edge, which suggests that dogs act as an edge effect on forest patches. Encounters between domestic dog and wild animals can still be frequent in severely fragmented landscapes, mainly at the forest edges. However the fact that most dogs have an owner and are more frequent in the anthropic habitat suggests that their putative effects are less severe than expected for a carnivore of such abundance, but the reinforcement of responsible ownership is needed to further ameliorate such effects.

scholarly journals Metabolomics shows the Australian dingo has a unique plasma profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Yadav ◽  
Russell Pickford ◽  
Robert A. Zammit ◽  
J. William O. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Profile ◽  
Power Analyses

AbstractDingoes have not been artificially selected in the past 3,500 years. They occupy a wide range of the Australian mainland and play a crucial role as an apex predator with a generalist omnivorous feeding behaviour. In contrast, humans have selected breed dogs for novel and desirable traits. First, we explore whether the distinct evolutionary histories of dingoes and domestic dogs can lead to plasma metabolomic differences. We study metabolite composition differences between dingoes (n=15) and two domestic dog breeds (Basenji n= 9 and German Shepherd Dog: GSD n=10). After accounting for within group variation, 62 significant metabolite differences were detected between dingoes and domestic dogs, with a greater number of differences in protein (n= 14) and lipid metabolites (n= 12). Most differences were observed between dingoes and domestic dogs and fewest between the domestic dog breeds. Second, we investigate variation between pure dingoes (n=10) and dingo-dog hybrids (n=10) as hybridisation is common. We detected no significant differences in metabolite levels between dingoes and dingo-dog hybrids after Bonferroni correction. However, power analyses reported that increasing the sample size to 15 could result in differences in uridine 5’-diphosphogalactose (UDPgal) levels related to galactose metabolism. We suggest this may be related to an increase in Amylase 2B copy number in hybrids. Our study illustrates that the dingo metabolome is significantly different from domestic dog breeds and hybridisation is likely to influence carbohydrate metabolism.

scholarly journals A Novel Sampling Model to Study the Epidemiology of Canine Leishmaniasis in an Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Parker ◽  
Lucrecia Acosta ◽  
Mariana Noel Gutierrez ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Javier Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
The City

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. The domestic dog is the main reservoir of zoonotic VL and a high prevalence of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is associated with transmission of infection to humans. Here we describe the methodology used to obtain a rapid and representative sample of domestic dogs in the city of Posadas, Misiones, and compare the prevalence of Leishmania infection with a sample of shelter dogs.Methodology: We used the city land registry to make a random selection of homes and systematically recruited 349 domestic dogs from the selected properties. We also included all dogs from the main canine shelter within the city. Dogs were examined by two experienced veterinarians who recorded the presence of clinical signs common in CanL using a standardized protocol. We extracted a blood sample from each dog and performed four different serological tests to reveal the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies.Results: After clinical examination, 145 domestic dogs (41.5%) and 63 (90%) shelter dogs had clinical signs compatible with CanL (p &lt; 0.001). The seroprevalence among domestic dogs was 20.1% (95% CI 16.1–24.6) which was significantly lower than among the abandoned dogs (38.6%, 95% CI 27.7–50.6, p &lt; 0.001). The spatial distribution of infected dogs was fairly homogenous throughout the city. Among domestic dogs, we observed a positive association between where the dog slept and presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies (p = 0.034). Of the seropositive domestic dogs 38 (54.4%) were asymptomatic.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate how seroprevalence results can be highly influenced by sampling methodology. We demonstrate how the land registry can be used to estimate the prevalence of CanL in representative sample of domestic dogs in an urban setting, allowing decision makers to deepen their understanding the epidemiology of CanL in a timely and efficient manner for the development of plans to address both human and canine disease.

scholarly journals The Case of Atypical Sexual Attractiveness in a Male Domestic Dog—A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Martyna Woszczyło ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Jacek Łyczko ◽  
Tadeusz Jezierski ◽  
Paulina Krzemińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Estrus Phase

During the ovarian cycle in domestic dogs, females do not accept males during the first days of estrus but become attractive to males from the beginning of proestrus, with this attractiveness persisting until the end of the estrus phase. It is believed that increased estradiol is responsible for the female attractiveness to the males. In this paper we describe the case of strong, but atypical attractiveness of a castrated male to various, adult, intact males, influenced by the emitted semiochemical signals. Any significant changes in the level of hormones typically involved in the process connected with estrus and responsible for sexual arousal in the males were assessed. The case animal was a 4 year old castrated male Border Collie that was extremely attractive to various males, which presented high levels of sexual arousal, with intensive sniffing and licking of the preputial area, specific vocalization, increased salivation and, finally, mating attempts. Clinical examination of the castrated male revealed a lack of testes in the scrotum and abdominal cavity confirmed by USG. Laboratory tests indicated basal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone (15.23 pg/mL, <0.05 ng/mL, 0.25 ng/mL), and sex was confirmed via cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Chemical analysis (HS-SPME) of the urine indicated a huge similarity to the profile obtained from a bitch in estrus, with an elevated level of acetophenone, which has been previously postulated in the literature as being a characteristic of the estrus phase in female domestic dogs. This case presented very atypical sexual attractiveness, particularly when taking into account the basal levels of hormones which, according to current knowledge, are responsible for the creation of attractiveness. As a hypothesis requiring verification, we propose the idea of involvement of other hormones in the creation of incidental attractiveness or increased production of compounds responsible for attractiveness (sex pheromones) resulting from metabolic events unrelated to reproductive processes. To our knowledge it is the first described case presenting this phenomenon, which, with more detailed study, could shed new light on the process of creation of sexual attraction in the domestic dog.

Hybridisation between dingoes and domestic dogs: a comment on Jones (2009)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Glen
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
Relative Conservation ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs

The recent review by Jones (2009) presents a strong argument that Victoria’s wild dog population cannot reliably be categorised into dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral dogs (C. l. familiaris) and hybrids. This presents a problem in the light of the dingo’s recent listing as a threatened species in that state. Wildlife managers must come to grips with questions regarding the relative conservation value of ‘dingoes’ with varying degrees of domestic dog ancestry. This will require improved knowledge of the ecological function of wild dogs, as well as extensive research into public attitudes towards the animals.

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