scholarly journals The Case of Atypical Sexual Attractiveness in a Male Domestic Dog—A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Martyna Woszczyło ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Jacek Łyczko ◽  
Tadeusz Jezierski ◽  
Paulina Krzemińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Estrus Phase

During the ovarian cycle in domestic dogs, females do not accept males during the first days of estrus but become attractive to males from the beginning of proestrus, with this attractiveness persisting until the end of the estrus phase. It is believed that increased estradiol is responsible for the female attractiveness to the males. In this paper we describe the case of strong, but atypical attractiveness of a castrated male to various, adult, intact males, influenced by the emitted semiochemical signals. Any significant changes in the level of hormones typically involved in the process connected with estrus and responsible for sexual arousal in the males were assessed. The case animal was a 4 year old castrated male Border Collie that was extremely attractive to various males, which presented high levels of sexual arousal, with intensive sniffing and licking of the preputial area, specific vocalization, increased salivation and, finally, mating attempts. Clinical examination of the castrated male revealed a lack of testes in the scrotum and abdominal cavity confirmed by USG. Laboratory tests indicated basal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone (15.23 pg/mL, <0.05 ng/mL, 0.25 ng/mL), and sex was confirmed via cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Chemical analysis (HS-SPME) of the urine indicated a huge similarity to the profile obtained from a bitch in estrus, with an elevated level of acetophenone, which has been previously postulated in the literature as being a characteristic of the estrus phase in female domestic dogs. This case presented very atypical sexual attractiveness, particularly when taking into account the basal levels of hormones which, according to current knowledge, are responsible for the creation of attractiveness. As a hypothesis requiring verification, we propose the idea of involvement of other hormones in the creation of incidental attractiveness or increased production of compounds responsible for attractiveness (sex pheromones) resulting from metabolic events unrelated to reproductive processes. To our knowledge it is the first described case presenting this phenomenon, which, with more detailed study, could shed new light on the process of creation of sexual attraction in the domestic dog.

Successful cloning of coyotes through interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer using domestic dog oocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insung Hwang ◽  
Yeon Woo Jeong ◽  
Joung Joo Kim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Mina Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Cloning Efficiency ◽  
Donor Cells

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is an emerging assisted reproductive technology (ART) for preserving Nature’s diversity. The scarcity of oocytes from some species makes utilisation of readily available oocytes inevitable. In the present study, we describe the successful cloning of coyotes (Canis latrans) through iSCNT using oocytes from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris or dingo). Transfer of 320 interspecies-reconstructed embryos into 22 domestic dog recipients resulted in six pregnancies, from which eight viable offspring were delivered. Fusion rate and cloning efficiency during iSCNT cloning of coyotes were not significantly different from those observed during intraspecies cloning of domestic dogs. Using neonatal fibroblasts as donor cells significantly improved the cloning efficiency compared with cloning using adult fibroblast donor cells (P < 0.05). The use of domestic dog oocytes in the cloning of coyotes in the present study holds promise for cloning other endangered species in the Canidae family using similar techniques. However, there are still limitations of the iSCNT technology, as demonstrated by births of morphologically abnormal coyotes and the clones’ inheritance of maternal domestic dog mitochondrial DNA.

Comparison of immunohistochemical profiles of ovarian germ cells in dysgerminomas of a captive maned wolf and domestic dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110199
Author(s):  
Rafael B. Rosa ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Paula R. Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando F. Argenta ◽  
Andréia Vielmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression ◽  
Maned Wolf

We characterized the immunohistochemical expression profiles of dysgerminomas from a 16-y-old maned wolf and 13 domestic dogs using the following biomarkers: Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), c-kit, and vimentin. The maned wolf had nonspecific and long-standing clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss, and was euthanized because of poor prognosis. At autopsy, the left ovary was effaced by a 12 × 8 × 6 cm mass, comprised of anaplastic cells with a mitotic count of 20 mitoses in 10 high power fields. Dysgerminomas from 7 of 13 domestic dogs had nuclear expression of SALL4. Dysgerminomas from the maned wolf and 2 domestic dogs had both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of SALL4. Cytoplasmic expression of PLAP and OCT3/4 was present in dysgerminomas from the maned wolf and 3 (PLAP) or 4 (OCT3/4) domestic dogs. All dysgerminomas expressed vimentin. Membranous c-kit expression was rare in the dysgerminoma from the maned wolf, and variable in dysgerminomas from 4 domestic dogs. A dysgerminoma from a domestic dog had cytoplasmic expression of c-kit. SALL4 is a useful marker to confirm germ cell origin of dysgerminoma in canids.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Synthetic Sex Pheromones in Sexual Arousal Stimulation in Domestic Dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dzięcioł ◽  
W. Niżański ◽  
T. Jezierski ◽  
A. Szumny ◽  
E.J. Godzińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Behavioral Arousal ◽  
Sexual Stimulation ◽  
Penile Artery ◽  
Increased Blood Flow ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of synthetic bitch sex pheromones (Eau’ De Estrus®, Synbiotics USA) for the stimulation of the reproductive reflexes in adult male dogs. In experiment I: anoestral bitches were applied synthetic (n=6) or natural (n=6) pheromones and their attractiveness was compared to the attractiveness of bitches in natural oestrus, In experiment II: swabs socked in natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus were presented to male dogs and behavioral arousal (Exp. II a) and changes in blood flow in the penile artery reflecting erection (Exp. II b) were recorded. In experiment III the time dedicated for sniffing in experimental dogs was analyzed in relation to the type of attractant presented (natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus). In all three experiments we observed the signs of sexual arousal, increased blood flow in the penile artery and increased time of sniffing only with natural pheromones. No signs of excitation or changes in penis perfusion were noted after the use of artificial pheromones. Our results did not support the suitability of Eau D’Estrus for male dog sexual stimulation.

scholarly journals Modelling the influence of naturally acquired immunity from subclinical infection on outbreak dynamics and persistence of rabies in domestic dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009581
Author(s):  
Susannah Gold ◽  
Christl A. Donnelly ◽  
Rosie Woodroffe ◽  
Pierre Nouvellet
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Low Levels

A number of mathematical models have been developed for canine rabies to explore dynamics and inform control strategies. A common assumption of these models is that naturally acquired immunity plays no role in rabies dynamics. However, empirical studies have detected rabies-specific antibodies in healthy, unvaccinated domestic dogs, potentially due to immunizing, non-lethal exposure. We developed a stochastic model for canine rabies, parameterised for Laikipia County, Kenya, to explore the implications of different scenarios for naturally acquired immunity to rabies in domestic dogs. Simulating these scenarios using a non-spatial model indicated that low levels of immunity can act to limit rabies incidence and prevent depletion of the domestic dog population, increasing the probability of disease persistence. However, incorporating spatial structure and human response to high rabies incidence allowed the virus to persist in the absence of immunity. While low levels of immunity therefore had limited influence under a more realistic approximation of rabies dynamics, high rates of exposure leading to immunizing non-lethal exposure were required to produce population-level seroprevalences comparable with those reported in empirical studies. False positives and/or spatial variation may contribute to high empirical seroprevalences. However, if high seroprevalences are related to high exposure rates, these findings support the need for high vaccination coverage to effectively control this disease.

Isotope recycling in lactating dogs (Canis familiaris)

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R669-R676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scantlebury ◽  
Waring Hynds ◽  
Derek Booles ◽  
John R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Peak Lactation

Isotope-based techniques for the measurement of water turnover, energy expenditure, and milk intake often assume that there is no recycling of isotopes once they have left the labeled animal. In experiments involving lactating females or their suckling offspring, there are several possible routes of isotope recycling. These include the consumption of labeled milk by offspring, the ingestion of labeled excreta, and the rebreathing of exhaled labeled CO2 or water vapor by both mother and offspring. Isotope recycling might be especially important during lactation because the offspring are in close contact with each other and their mother for prolonged periods. We show here in 24- to 30-day-old domestic dog Canis familiarispuppies that there was no detectable transfer of 18O or2H from labeled to unlabeled pups in two litters (16 pups, 8 labeled, 8 unlabeled) that were weaned early and independent of their mother. However, there was a significant transfer of both isotopes from labeled to unlabeled pups and from labeled pups to their mothers in nine equivalent nursing litters of the same age (27 labeled, 26 unlabeled pups). The increases in enrichment of isotopes in unlabeled offspring were greater than the increases in enrichment of the mothers. This indicates that maternal ingestion of offspring excreta and subsequent transfer of isotope in milk is not the sole pathway of recycling. Additional routes must also be important, such as exchange of isotope between pups on saliva-coated nipples and perhaps direct ingestion of excreta by unweaned young. Recycling is unlikely to be an important factor when determining maternal metabolic rate during peak lactation in domestic dogs. However, experiments that are designed to assess the energy demands of pups and isotope-based estimates of water turnover in offspring may need to take into account any effects of isotope recycling. In a theoretical example, removing the effects of recycling increased the measured energy expenditure in pups by up to 7% and increased the calculated elimination rates of both isotopes by up to 11.1% in 18oxygen and 10.9% in2hydrogen.

Sexual Desire and the Phenomenology of Attraction

Dialogue ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-283
Author(s):  
BRADLEY RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Sexual Desires ◽  
Affect States ◽  
Phenomenal States

Developing Thomas Nagel’s 1969 paper, Rockney Jacobsen argues that sexual desires are for activities that are taken to affect states of sexual arousal in certain ways. I argue that some sexual desires are for activities that are taken to affect states of phenomenal attraction (phenomenal states associated with sexual attraction). Unlike sexual arousal, phenomenal attraction cannot be assuaged; thus, there are no activities that can satisfy phenomenal attraction-based sexual desires. This explains why sexual activities are so varied and numerous, and possibly how so many activities are able to affect sexual arousal.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates’ Action on Reproductive Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6811
Author(s):  
Henrieta Hlisníková ◽  
Ida Petrovičová ◽  
Branislav Kolena ◽  
Miroslava Šidlovská ◽  
Alexander Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome ◽  
Fertility Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Cancer And Fertility

The production of plastic products, which requires phthalate plasticizers, has resulted in the problems for human health, especially that of reproductive health. Phthalate exposure can induce reproductive disorders at various regulatory levels. The aim of this review was to compile the evidence concerning the association between phthalates and reproductive diseases, phthalates-induced reproductive disorders, and their possible endocrine and intracellular mechanisms. Phthalates may induce alterations in puberty, the development of testicular dysgenesis syndrome, cancer, and fertility disorders in both males and females. At the hormonal level, phthalates can modify the release of hypothalamic, pituitary, and peripheral hormones. At the intracellular level, phthalates can interfere with nuclear receptors, membrane receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and modulate gene expression associated with reproduction. To understand and to treat the adverse effects of phthalates on human health, it is essential to expand the current knowledge concerning their mechanism of action in the organism.

Domestic dogs: the behavioural implications of social living. Part 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 532-538
Author(s):  
Claire Patricia Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Social Flexibility

This article forms the second of a two-part series that considers how well the term ‘domestic dog’ can act as a predictor that the dog should experience no problems in co-existing with humans in domestic, family homes. The previous article took a brief look at the likely domestication process for the dog and suggested that free-roaming dogs (village, street or dump dogs) are better models for ‘natural’ canine behaviour, than that of the wolf. This article considers how well the dog's innate capacity for social flexibility with other dogs equips it for coping with social encounters with both dogs and humans in a complex human environment, and limitations in coping.

scholarly journals Domestic dogs in a fragmented landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: abundance, habitat use and caring by owners

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC. Torres ◽  
PI. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Responsible Ownership ◽  
Patch Edge

This study aimed at estimating the population size and attitudes of residents towards caring for domestic dogs, through questionnaire surveys, as well as the frequency of these animals in different habitats (anthropic and forest patch), using scent stations. The study was conducted in a severely fragmented area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A large number of unrestricted dogs was recorded, averaging 6.2 ind/km². These dogs have owners and are regularly fed. Dog records decreased from the anthropogenic matrix to the forest patch edge, which suggests that dogs act as an edge effect on forest patches. Encounters between domestic dog and wild animals can still be frequent in severely fragmented landscapes, mainly at the forest edges. However the fact that most dogs have an owner and are more frequent in the anthropic habitat suggests that their putative effects are less severe than expected for a carnivore of such abundance, but the reinforcement of responsible ownership is needed to further ameliorate such effects.

Anhedonic brain while attending sexual and emotional pictures

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S161-S161
Author(s):  
F. Von Duering
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Competing Interest

Anhedonia is defined as the inability to gain pleasure from normally pleasurable experiences and reduced sexual desire. Rees et al. (2007) showed that limbic and paralimbic areas are responsible for sexual arousal and that anhedonia is associated with frontolimbic inhibition. In major depression, reduced ventral striatum and increased ventral prefrontal cortex areas was associated with anhedonia(Gorwood, 2009). Walter et al. (2009) indicated that there is a deviation in the neuronal activation pattern of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in anhedonic depression which is related to a glutamergic deficit. Glutamate was suggested to play a relevant role in reward system (Birgner et al., 2005). ACC is a key involved in affective state and glutamate mediates ACC activation to sexual attraction(Wu et al., 2009). Thus, a glutamatergic deficit might be related to reduced hedonic effect specific to major depression. Using an attention modulation of emotional and sexual pictures, we investigate the role of anhedonia on the ventral and dorsal systems in healthy volunteers and patients with major depression. They undergo an expectancy task in a 7 T scanner and passively view sexual and emotional photographs and are asked to expect either high salient pictures or high erotic pictures. Half of these pictures are announced by an expectancy cue, whereas the other half are preceded by a fixation cross. Snaith-Hamilton-Pleasure-Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale are employed to assess anhedonia and depressive symptom severity. Brain metabolites in the dorsal and pgACC are measured using MRS. We will show how anhedonia modulates the neural response to sexual arousal.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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