Anorexia nervosa and pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sarah Hudson-Phillips ◽  
Kate Mayo ◽  
Kofi Cox ◽  
Zeynab Sharif ◽  
Joshua Burns
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Fluid Shift ◽  
Enzymatic Changes

Acute pancreatitis is a condition whereby erroneous activation of trypsin and zymogen results in pancreatic autodigestion. There are many aetiologies, with alcohol intake and gallstones being the most common. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which patients' reduced food intake and psychological aversion of weight gain can result in low body weight and malnourishment. The link between pancreatitis and anorexia nervosa is not well understood; this article explores the theorised pathophysiology connecting the two conditions, as well as the optimal management of patients when the conditions co-exist based on current literature. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases for all journal articles on the topic of presentations of acute or chronic pancreatitis in adults with anorexia nervosa. The literature proposes various links between anorexia nervosa and pancreatitis. It is theorised that pancreatitis may arise as a result of malnourishment itself or secondary to the refeeding process. Some explanations focus on the histopathological changes to the pancreas that malnourishment induces, while others focus on the enzymatic changes and oxidative damage that arise in the malnourished state. More mechanical mechanisms such as gastric dilatation, gastrointestinal ileus and compartmental fluid shift during refeeding have also been proposed as explanations for the link between the conditions. Some medications used in the management of anorexia nervosa have also been linked to pancreatitis.

Outcome and Safety of Different Cumulative Doses and Protocols of Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Moderate to Severe and Active Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Amelya Permata Sari ◽  
M Sidik ◽  
Syntia Nusanti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Aperture Size ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Graves Orbitopathy

Background: Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy or thyroid eye disease, has a potential sight-threatening complications. The activity and severity are important determinants in GO and are implications for treatment. Intravenous Glucocorticoid (GC) was associated with significantly greater efficacy and was better tolerated than oral route in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe and active GO. Intravenous GC has a variation cumulative dose and protocols; meanwhile the optimal treatment is still undefined. The aim of this literature review was to analyze the outcome and safety of different cumulative doses and protocols of intravenous methylprednisolone of patients with moderate to severe and active GO. Methods: The literature search was conducted from Google Scholar and Pubmed for journal articles that were published and related to the use of IVGC in moderate to severe and active GO Results: From the keywords mentioned, titles were screened for eligibility and seventeen articles were found. After being checked for the duplication, the articles were screened based on the abstracts and/or full texts. As many as eight articles met the inclusion criteria, others were excluded. Conclusion: Intravenous GC therapy in moderate to severe and active GO provide effect in reducing CAS, decreasing lid aperture size, decreasing proptosis size, and disappearing diplopia. A protocol uses a low cumulative doses (<5 g) of methylprednisolone weekly for 6 weeks and then halved dose weekly for another 6 weeks are preferred due to higher response in clinical outcome and safety profile.

Systematic Review Comparing Open versus Endoscopic Surgery in Clival Chordomas and a 10-Year Single-Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindran Visagan ◽  
Asfand Baig Mirza ◽  
Mohamed Okasha ◽  
Timothy Martyn Boardman ◽  
Eleni Maratos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract Objectives Chordomas are rare, slow-growing, and osteo-destructive tumors of the primitive notochord. There is still contention in the literature as to the optimal management of chordoma. We conducted a systematic review of the surgical management of chordoma along with our 10-year institutional experience. Design A systematic search of the literature was performed in October 2020 by using MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles relating to the surgical management of clival chordomas. We also searched for all adult patients surgically treated for primary clival chordomas at our institute between 2009 and 2019. Participants Only articles describing chordomas arising from the clivus were included in the analysis. For our institution experience, only adult primary clival chordoma cases were included. Main Outcome Measures Patients were divided into endoscopic or open surgery. Rate of gross total resection (GTR), recurrence, and complications were measured. Results Our literature search yielded 24 articles to include in the study. Mean GTR rate among endoscopic cases was 51.9% versus 41.7% for open surgery. Among the eight cases in our institutional experience, we found similar GTR rates between endoscopic and open surgery. Conclusion Although there is clear evidence in the literature that endoscopic approaches provide better rates of GTR with fewer overall complications compared to open surgery. However, there are still situations where endoscopy is not viable, and thus, open surgery should still be considered if required.

scholarly journals A clinical course of a patient with anorexia nervosa receiving surgery for superior mesenteric artery syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Kurisu ◽  
Yukari Yamanaka ◽  
Tadahiro Yamazaki ◽  
Ryo Yoneda ◽  
Makoto Otani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Sma Syndrome

Abstract Background Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a well-known but relatively rare complication of anorexia nervosa. Although several reports have proposed surgery for SMA syndrome associated with anorexia nervosa, these have shown poor outcomes or did not reveal the long-term weight course. Thus, the long-term effectiveness of surgery for SMA syndrome in such cases remains unclear. This case report describes a patient with anorexia nervosa who underwent surgery for SMA syndrome. Case presentation An 18-year-old woman presented with anorexia nervosa when she was 16 years old. She also presented with SMA syndrome, which seemed to be caused by weight loss due to the eating disorder. Nutrition therapy initially improved her body weight, but she ceased treatment. She reported that symptoms related to SMA syndrome had led to her weight loss and desired to undergo surgery. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy was performed, but her body weight did not improve after the surgery. The patient eventually received conservative nutritional treatment along with psychological approaches, which led to an improvement in her body weight. Conclusions The case implies that surgery for SMA syndrome in patients with anorexia nervosa is ineffective for long-term weight recovery and that conservative treatment can sufficiently improve body weight; this is consistent with the lack of evidence on the topic and reports on potential complications of surgery. Due to difficulties in assessing psychological status, consultation with specialists on eating disorders is necessary for treating patients with severely low body weight.

The Thinner the Better: Self-Esteem and Low Body Weight in Anorexia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Brockmeyer ◽  
Martin Grosse Holtforth ◽  
Hinrich Bents ◽  
Annette Kämmerer ◽  
Wolfgang Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Self Esteem

Chronic alcohol intake and carbachol-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha M. Grönroos ◽  
Jukka Laine ◽  
Timo Kaila ◽  
Timo J. Nevalainen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Chronic Alcohol

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Derived From Anorexia Nervosa Patients Impairs Weight Gain and Behavioral Performance in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2441-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Hata ◽  
Noriyuki Miyata ◽  
Shu Takakura ◽  
Kazufumi Yoshihara ◽  
Yasunari Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Poor Weight Gain

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) results in gut dysbiosis, but whether the dysbiosis contributes to AN-specific pathologies such as poor weight gain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, germ-free mice were reconstituted with the microbiota of four patients with restricting-type AN (gAN mice) and four healthy control individuals (gHC mice). The effects of gut microbes on weight gain and behavioral characteristics were examined. Fecal microbial profiles in recipient gnotobiotic mice were clustered with those of the human donors. Compared with gHC mice, gAN mice showed a decrease in body weight gain, concomitant with reduced food intake. Food efficiency ratio (body weight gain/food intake) was also significantly lower in gAN mice than in gHC mice, suggesting that decreased appetite as well as the capacity to convert ingested food to unit of body substance may contribute to poor weight gain. Both anxiety-related behavior measured by open-field tests and compulsive behavior measured by a marble-burying test were increased only in gAN mice but not in gHC mice. Serotonin levels in the brain stem of gAN mice were lower than those in the brain stem of gHC mice. Moreover, the genus Bacteroides showed the highest correlation with the number of buried marbles among all genera identified. Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus reversed compulsive behavior but failed to exert any substantial effect on body weight. Collectively, these results indicate that AN-specific dysbiosis may contribute to both poor weight gain and mental disorders in patients with AN.

Distribution volume, metabolic clearance and plasma half disappearance time of exogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in normal women and women with obesity and anorexia nervosa

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Chikamori ◽  
Fumie Suehiro ◽  
Toshiki Ogawa ◽  
Kei Sato ◽  
Hiroyoshi Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Provocation Tests ◽  
Disappearance Time ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. Synthetic LRH was infused into normal women and women with obesity and anorexia nervosa to determine the distribution volume (DV), metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and half disappearance time (t½) of plasma LRH. In normal women, the DV of LRH was 12.1 ± 0.9 (mean ± se) l, the MCR was 1478.9 ± 39.8 ml/min (28.5 ± 1.2 ml/min/kg body weight) and the initial t½ was 5.6 ± 0.4 min. In obese patients the DV (20.6 ± 1.5 l) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (P < 0.005), but the MCR and t½ were not significantly different from those in normal subjects. In patients with anorexia nervosa the DV and MCR were 6.5 ± 1.1 l and 621.8 ± 110.5 ml/min (17.9 ± 2.4 ml/ min/kg body weight), respectively, which were both significantly lower than those in normal subjects (P < 0.02), while the t½ (7.3 ± 0.1 min) was longer than in normal subjects (P < 0.02). These data suggest that 1) the abnormal responses of some hormones to provocation tests observed in obese patients and patients with anorexia nervosa should be evaluated in consideration of changes in the DV and metabolic clearance of hormones in these conditions, and 2) in patients with anorexia nervosa changes in MCR and t½ may reflect low metabolism of LRH.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Vitex Negundo L. And Polygonum Hydropiper L. Plant Extract Treated Fishes on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Molly Harun ◽  
Gulroo Begum Sufi ◽  
Gulshan Ara Latifa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Dried Fish

An observation was made to taste the toxic effect of Vitex negundo L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. (leaf and bark) plants extracts treated fish fed group on rats, Bandicota indica. Six group of rats were fed on two different kinds of plants extracts, one is radiation dose and another untreated control group. These were, the untreated control group rats were feed on normal food such as dried fish and wheat whereas treated rats were given plant extracts and radiation dose treated by dried fish. The experimental rats were fed of 4 ml dose of plant extracts in 70% ethyl alcohol (ratio 1:10) and 4 kGy radiation treated dry fish. The toxic properties of these plant extracts were carried out the vital organs of liver, kidney, stomach, spleens, lungs and muscles on male rats .The lower mammalian species rats were used for preliminary survey their body weight gained and histopathological changes were observed. The experiment was carried out from August 2004 to December 2004. Initially the concentration of rats body weights were found as, control group (C) 43 g/m, Vitex negundo leaf treated fish fed group of rat (VL) 44.8 g/m, Vitex negundo bark treated fish fed group of rat (VB) 44.4 g/m, Polygonum hydropiper leaf treated fish fed group of rat (PL) 46.2 g/m, Polygonum hydropiper bark treated fish fed group of rat (PB) 47.8 g/m and radiation treated fish fed group of rat (R) 47 g/m. After 30 days the weight gain of rats recorded as, group (C) 324.6 g/m, (VL) 357.2 g/m, (VB) 362 g/m, (PL) 342 g/m, (PB) 323.6 g/m and (R) 352 g/m and 90 days after the body weight were group (C) 727.2 g/m, (VL) 781.2 g/m, (VB) 795.8 g/m, (PL) 780.4 g/m, (PB)764.8 g/m and R 789.8 g/m respectively. The present study is, the first attempt to use the rats body weight data found well and most suitable 4ml dose of V. negundo bark treated extracts than leaf treated group and 4 kGy radiation group. Histopathological changes of rats organs test liver was well preserved, kidney-the glomeruli, tubules, blood vessel were showed no significant changes, in the stomach-the mucosa, sub mucosa were well, in the spleen-red and white pulp were showed no significant changes, lung-the alveoli was good and in the muscle-the skeletal muscle were remain unaltered. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 125-135, 2021

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