scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Vitex Negundo L. And Polygonum Hydropiper L. Plant Extract Treated Fishes on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Molly Harun ◽  
Gulroo Begum Sufi ◽  
Gulshan Ara Latifa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Dried Fish

An observation was made to taste the toxic effect of Vitex negundo L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. (leaf and bark) plants extracts treated fish fed group on rats, Bandicota indica. Six group of rats were fed on two different kinds of plants extracts, one is radiation dose and another untreated control group. These were, the untreated control group rats were feed on normal food such as dried fish and wheat whereas treated rats were given plant extracts and radiation dose treated by dried fish. The experimental rats were fed of 4 ml dose of plant extracts in 70% ethyl alcohol (ratio 1:10) and 4 kGy radiation treated dry fish. The toxic properties of these plant extracts were carried out the vital organs of liver, kidney, stomach, spleens, lungs and muscles on male rats .The lower mammalian species rats were used for preliminary survey their body weight gained and histopathological changes were observed. The experiment was carried out from August 2004 to December 2004. Initially the concentration of rats body weights were found as, control group (C) 43 g/m, Vitex negundo leaf treated fish fed group of rat (VL) 44.8 g/m, Vitex negundo bark treated fish fed group of rat (VB) 44.4 g/m, Polygonum hydropiper leaf treated fish fed group of rat (PL) 46.2 g/m, Polygonum hydropiper bark treated fish fed group of rat (PB) 47.8 g/m and radiation treated fish fed group of rat (R) 47 g/m. After 30 days the weight gain of rats recorded as, group (C) 324.6 g/m, (VL) 357.2 g/m, (VB) 362 g/m, (PL) 342 g/m, (PB) 323.6 g/m and (R) 352 g/m and 90 days after the body weight were group (C) 727.2 g/m, (VL) 781.2 g/m, (VB) 795.8 g/m, (PL) 780.4 g/m, (PB)764.8 g/m and R 789.8 g/m respectively. The present study is, the first attempt to use the rats body weight data found well and most suitable 4ml dose of V. negundo bark treated extracts than leaf treated group and 4 kGy radiation group. Histopathological changes of rats organs test liver was well preserved, kidney-the glomeruli, tubules, blood vessel were showed no significant changes, in the stomach-the mucosa, sub mucosa were well, in the spleen-red and white pulp were showed no significant changes, lung-the alveoli was good and in the muscle-the skeletal muscle were remain unaltered. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 125-135, 2021

scholarly journals Effects of oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) preparation against fascioliasis on clinical and haematological parameters in cattle of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Alam ◽  
Md Islam ◽  
Matiar Howlader ◽  
Nasrin Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Group B

<p>The effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) on some clinical (body weight) and haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC) were determined in this study. Among 55 cattle, 10 were selected, which were suffering from fascioliasis and divided randomly into two groups. Each group was consisting of five cattle. One was treated with Tremacid® @ (15 mg/kg body weight). Other was kept as an infected control group. Before trials with Tremacid® initial body weight, EPG of liver fluke and hematological parameters were examined. During the experimental period the faecal samples, clinical and hematological parameters were examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days for the determination of effects of Tremacid®. A significant reduction of EPG count was found on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of Tremacid® (61.87%, 71.22%, 76.98% and 84.53%) in a treated cattle group. The EPG of an untreated control group was significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased about 3.97%, 7.64%, 11.04% and 64.89% respectively. Total TEC was increased after treatment with Tremacid® and decreased in an untreated control group significantly (p&lt;0.01), Likewise, after treatment with Tremacid® Hb content and PCV were increased, and ESR was decreased. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was decreased and the body weight was increased after Tremacid® treatment in the group A. On the other hand, Hb content PCV and body weight was decreased significantly (p&lt;0.01) in the group B.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and vitamin E on arsenic induced toxicity in Quail

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Most Fayza Khatun ◽  
Md Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Rakibul Islam ◽  
Sumon Sarkar ◽  
Md Anowarul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Changes

Chronic arsenic toxicity is a severe disease in men and animals which occurs severely in Bangladesh. Arsenic (As) contamination in ground water used in drinking is the major concern because arsenic is present in human and animal food chain. This work was done in quails with a view to observing the efficacy of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and vitamin E for prevention of arsenic toxicity. 60 quails were used in this study and animals were divided into control group (T0), arsenic treated group (T1), arsenic plus spirulina treated group (T2) and arsenic plus vitamin E treated group (T3). Each group consists of 15 quails. Quails of T0 group were given normal feed and water and kept as control. Quails of T1, T2 and T3 were given 100 mg arsenic trioxide/L drinking water daily for 30 days. In addition to arsenic trioxide quails of group T2 and T3 were simultaneously fed with spirulina @ 1 gm/kg feed and vitamin E @ 400 mg /kg body weight up to 30 days respectively. Five quails from each group (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were sacrificed at 15 days interval in order to determine haematological parameters. Result showed that in group T1, body weight gain was minimum, whereas in group T2 and T3 the body weight gain in quails were better. Reduction of TEC and Hb values were observed in arsenic treated group T1. Whereas in rest groups the TEC and Hb values were comparatively higher than arsenic treated group. Noticeable change observed in liver and kindey of arsenic treated group in compare to the control group. Histopathological changes also observed in liver and kindey of arsenic treated group in compare to the control group. In conclusion, spirulina and vitamin E have significant effect on body weight, hematological and postmortem and histopathological changes. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 93-98

scholarly journals ​Therapeutic Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa and its Component, Curcumin against Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alveena Ganai ◽  
Anish Yadav ◽  
Rajesh Katoch ◽  
Dibyendu Chakraborty ◽  
Pawan Kumar Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group I

Background: Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic disease and is the most prevalent pathogens worldwide and leads to severe diarrhoeal diseases and affects the immunological status of the individual. Thus, the study was undertaken to examine the anti-cryptosporidial efficacy of curcumin in comparison with ethanolic extract of curcuma longa in immunocompromised mice infected with oocysts isolated from cattle calves of Jammu region and identified as Cryptosporidium parvum using nested PCR on small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene. Methods: Two hundred female Swiss albino mice were equally divided into ten groups. Group I were kept as a healthy control, group II were immunocompromised, group III were immunocompromised and infected, group IV animals were immunocompromised, infected and treated orally with nitazoxanide. Animals in groups V to VII were immunocompromised, infected and treated with ethanolic extract of C. longa @ 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day/os respectively whereas groups VIII to X were immunocompromised, infected and treated with pure salt of curcumin @ 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day/os respectively for 5 successive days. Thus, mean oocysts per gram faeces, body weight gain and histopathological changes were measured in different groups. Result: Administration of curcumin as a therapeutic agent @ 8 mg/kg body weight for five days resulted in higher percent mean oocyst reduction of 74.03% and improved body weight gain in experimentally infected mice. Histopathological changes showed that treatment with oral curcumin (group X) in animals had minimal and improved intestinal lesions as compared to animals treated with C. longa (group VII). Altogether, curcumin showed promising anticryptosporidial effects under in vivo conditions and deserves further exploration.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fluralaner (Exzolt®) for the Treatment of Natural Allopsoroptoides Galli Infestations in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilce Maria Soares ◽  
Edna Clara Tucci ◽  
Gustavo Perdoncini ◽  
Ricardo Della Matta Junior
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Sharp Drop

Abstract BackgroundMite infestations in laying hens can cause losses to producers due to stress, reduced egg production and even death of birds. A new species of mite, Allopsoroptoides galli (A. galli), Analgoidea: Psoroptoididae, was recently identified in commercial laying farms in Brazil, causing damage due to its highly aggressive infestation that results in a sharp drop in egg production and culling. The present study evaluated the acaricidal action of a formulation containing fluralaner (Exzolt®) against A. galli.Methods The study was carried out from November 2019 to January 2020. Thirty-four laying hens naturally infested with A. galli were equally divided into a fluralaner-treated group and an untreated control group. The fluralaner-treated group received Exzolt® in drinking water at a dose of 0.05 mL/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.5 mg fluralaner/kg body weight), twice, seven days apart. Both groups were followed for 70 days evaluating the level of infestation by counting mites in skin scrapings and assessment of skin lesions.Results The average mite count of the treated group decreased significantly, dropping from 61.6 to 3.8 mites (D+7 to D+70). The efficacy progressively increased on subsequent days, reaching 98.8% on day +56 post-treatment and 96.9% on day +70. Recovery of skin lesions was observed after administration of Exzolt®, showing a marked remission in the degree of lesions (2.5 on day -14 to 0.2 on day +70). The mean number of mites in the untreated control group ranged from 79.3 to 124.1 and the lesion score from 2.6 to 2.9, thus remaining stable throughout the study.Conclusion The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that Exzolt® administered at a dose of 0.05 mL of product/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.5 mg of fluralaner/kg body weight), twice at a seven-day interval, in drinking water was effective in the treatment of the mite Allopsoroptoides galli in naturally infested laying hens.

scholarly journals A review of the use of Streptozotocin (STZ) in the induction of diabetes in rats and subsequent ocular tissue changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sithole
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections

Streptozotocin is widely used in medical research for treating certain cancers of the Islets of Langerhans and to produce an animal model for type 1 diabetes. A study has revealed that when compared to the control group of rats, those injected with STZ exhibited reduced plasma insulin and elevated blood glucose (p < 0.05 in all cases). The study also found that diabetic rats weighed significantly less than control animals (p < 0.05). In relation to ocular tissues, lacrimal glands from diabetic rats were also found to weigh significantly less  (p < 0.05) than those from the control group. However, no significant changes in the weights of lens, cornea, sclera and retina were observed between diabeticand control animals. Several other studies found that STZ-induced diabetes can be treated by plant extracts which control the blood sugar level as well as improving the lipid profile and ocular complications such as retinopathy. Experiments are usuallyperformed on male or female rats of a specific body weight, usually between 250 and 300 g. Diabetes is induced in rats by intraperitonial injections of streptozotocin (60 mg/ kg) in citrate buffer, pH 6.3.Animals that exhibit glucosuria after 24 hours, test-ed by urine test strips are considered diabetic. Plant extracts (6 mg/100g body weight) are orally administered into the stomach of STZ-diabetic rats every third day at a certain consistent time by means of bulbed steel needle for at least a four week period. This is done to determine the efficacy and potency of the plant extracts on diabetes. Histological and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques are used to study the changes in the ocular tissues. The dissected ocular tissues should be dehydrated in graded ethyl alcohol series and embedded in Araldite CY212. Ultra thin sections should be contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for examination by TEM. Streptozotocin induces diabetes in laboratory animal models for scientific studies and breakthroughs in medicine. The use of STZ and plant extracts may prove to be beneficial in the eye health care profession if considered for the studies of hypoglycemic agents that have the potency to prevent the advancement of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Intervention of Curcumin on Interleukin-6 and Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat Toxicity of Lung and Liver in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748
Author(s):  
Nagla El-Nabarawy ◽  
Ahmed Gouda ◽  
Ezzeldin Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Paraquat Toxicity ◽  
Liver Tissues

Redox equilibrium is altered due to elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate antioxidant defense, therapeutic effects of natural antioxidant such as curcumin (CMN) have been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of curcumin (a natural polyphenol) on oxidative status of lung and liver and assessment of level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats against paraquat toxicity. Forty adult male wistar rats were divided into five groups with eight animals each as followed: Group 1: control, Group 2: rats received olive oil. Group 3: rats received curcumin (CMN) (200 mg/kg body weight in olive oil) orally. Group 4 (model group): rats were given a single oral dose of paraquat (PQ) 50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in distilled water intra-peritoneally (I.P) Group 5: rats received CMN orally daily for 10 days prior to PQ administration with the same previous doses and after PQ. After forty eight hours of PQ administration, rats were sacrificed and lung and liver tissues samples were examined for detection of biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Significant histopathological changes had resulted from PQ administration in lung and liver tissues in addition to significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), and significant decrease of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). However, treatment with CMN produced increasing antioxidant markers and depletion of MDA compared to the model group. Also there is significant increase in serum IL-6 after PQ administration compared to control group. However, the level of IL-6 significantly decreased in treated group with curcumin compared to the model group. Curcumin possesses remarkable protection of the altered lung and liver tissues in paraquat intoxicated rats and could reduce the damaging effect by increasing antioxidant activity and decreasing lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and IL-6.

Inhibitory Effect of Tetrandrine on Pulmonary Metastases in CT26 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma–Bearing BALB/c Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (06) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kou-Hwa Chang ◽  
Hui-Fen Liao ◽  
Hen-Hong Chang ◽  
Yu-Yawn Chen ◽  
Ming-Chien Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tumor metastasis is a major cause of mortality in cancer patients. The anti-metastatic effect of tetrandrine, an alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandrae S. Moore, was investigated in a pulmonary metastatic model of colorectal cancer-bearing mice. Tetrandrine decreased the viability of murine colorectal adenocarcinoma CT26 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CT26 cells were injected into BALB/c mice via a tail vein to establish pulmonary metastases. After this, the mice were given intraperitoneal injections of tetrandrine (10 mg/kg/day), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at the same dose, or vehicle for 5 consecutive days. Mice treated with tetrandrine had 40.3% fewer metastases than vehicle-treated mice, and those treated with 5-FU had 36.9% fewer metastases than controls. Both tetrandrine- and 5-FU-treated mice survived longer than mice in the untreated control group. There was no acute toxicity or obvious changes in body weight in any of the mice. These results suggest that tetrandrine may be a useful anti-metastatic agent.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in Gastrointestinal Tissues of Wistar Rats Administered with Methanolic Leaf Extract of Caladium bicolor (Araceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Dayo Rotimi Omotoso ◽  
Adeniran Oluwadamilare Akinola ◽  
Ibifuro Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxic Potential

To assess the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Caladium bicolor on the histomorphology of gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals. Twenty four Wistar rats (weighing between 175-190 g) were randomly and equally divided into four groups which include one control group (CG) and three treatment groups (TG I, TG II and TG III). The CG was administered with distilled water [2 ml/kg body weight (b.w.)] while TGs I, II and III were administered with 100 ml/kg, 200 ml/kg and 300 ml/kg (b.w.) of C. bicolor extract respectively. All administrations were done orally and once daily for a period of thirty days. The body weight of all animals was recorded at the beginning and end of study. After the period of study, gastric and small intestinal tissues of experimental animals were harvested, processed, converted to tissue blocks and sectioned. Tissue sections were stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique. Thereafter, stained sections microscopically examined for observable histopathological changes within study tissues. The results of this study showed that exposure to C. bicolor extract causes significant (p < 0.05) body weight loss in TGs I-III compared to CG. In addition, prominent histopathological changes were observed in gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals in TGs I-III including gastric mucosal surface erosion and intestinal villi degeneration compared to normal gastrointestinal histomorphology of CG animals. These histopathological changes may be associated with toxic effect of phytochemicals constituents of the extract. Therefore, its application for therapeutic purposes needs to be thoroughly re-validated or perhaps disallowed where alternative therapeutic agents with minimal toxic potential exist.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes of Erythrocyte and Quantity of immature Erythrocytes in Tegal Duckling (Anas Javanica) Induced by Lead (Pb)

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdani Budiman ◽  
Dwinna Aliza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Erythrocyte Shape ◽  
Variant Analysis

The aim of this research is to find out the histopathological changes of erythrocyte and the quantity of immature erythrocyte of tegal duckling treated with lead (Pb). Twenty five young female ducks with the age of 7 days and 60.55.07 g body weight alloted into 4 treatment groups and 1 control group (Ko) with 5 replication each. The treatment group fed with K1 (5.7), K2 (11.4), K3 (17.1), and K4 (22.8) mg Pb/kg body weight for 10 days, respectively. Young ducks showed clinical symptoms such as the color of feces were brown to black, green color of diarrhea, anemic and decreasing body weight. Histopathologically, erythrocyte showed that immature and abnormal in shape (like teardrops, dumb bell, and bottles). The result of variant analysis followed by linier regression shows that the higher the dosage of Pb in diet the higher the quantity of immature erythrocyte andabnormal erythrocyte shape found (P0.01).

Efficacy of herbal extracts and closantel against fenbendazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (05) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Dixit ◽  
G. Das ◽  
P. Dixit ◽  
R.L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intensive System

AbstractThis study assessed the efficacy of closantel vis-à-vis herbal extracts with known anti-parasitic properties, against fenbendazole-resistant nematodes in goats maintained under a semi-intensive system of management at the University goat farm, Jabalpur. Fifty goats were randomly assigned to five groups, each comprising 10 animals, irrespective of their breed, age and sex. Each animal in Group I, II and III was orally administered with aqueous leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) at 1 g/kg body weight, sitaphal (Annona squamosa) at 1.5 g/kg body weight and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) at 1 g/kg body weight, respectively, whereas Group IV was an untreated control group. Each animal in Group V was orally treated with closantel at 10 mg/kg body weight. During the course of the study, all animals were maintained under an identical semi-intensive system of management. Compared to the untreated control group (Group IV), there was no conspicuous reduction in post-treatment (day 10) faecal egg counts (FEC) in animals administered with the herbal extracts (Groups I, II and III), which is suggestive of poor anti-parasitic activity. However, using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the overall efficacy of closantel was recorded as 95.64%. This supports the rotational use of closantel as a preferred choice over the benzimidazole group of anthelmintics and/or herbal extracts to meet the acute challenge of in situ development of drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document