scholarly journals Christ – A Contradiction: A Defense of Contradictory Christology

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 400-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jc Beall
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Logical Contradiction ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Many

The fundamental problem of Christology (as Richard Cross famously coined it) is the apparent contradiction of Christ as recorded at Chalcedon. Christ is human (with everything entailed thereby) and Christ is divine (with everything entailed thereby). Being divine entails (among many other of God’s properties) being immutable. Being human entails (among many other of our essential properties) being mutable. Were Christ two different persons (viz., a human person, a divine person) there’d be no apparent contradiction. But Chalcedon rules as much out. Were Christ only partly human or only partly divine there’d be no apparent contradiction. But Chalcedon rules as much out. Were the very meaning of ‘mutable’ and/or ‘immutable’ (or other such predicates) other than what they are, there’d be no apparent contradiction. But the meaning is what it is, and changing the meaning of our terms to avoid the apparent contradiction of Christ is an apparent flight from reality.What, in the end, is the explanation of the apparent contradiction of Christ? Theologians and philosophers have long advanced many consistency-seeking answers, all of which increase the metaphysical or semantical complexity of the otherwise strikingly simple but radical core of Christianity’s GodMan. In this paper, I put the simplest explanation on the theological table: namely, Christ appears to be contradictory because Christ is contradictory (i.e., some predicate is both true and false of Christ, and hence some logical contradiction is true of Christ). This explanation may sound complicated to the many who are steeped in the mainstream account of logic according to which logic precludes the possibility of true contradictions. But the mainstream account of logic can and should be rejected. Ridding theology of the dogma of mainstream logic illuminates the simple though striking explanation of the apparent contradiction of Christ — namely, that Christ is a contradictory being. Just as the simplest explanation to the apparent roundness of the earth has earned due acceptance, so too should the simplest explanation of the apparent contradiction of Christ.

scholarly journals L’hypermédia Au Service De La Formation Initiale D’enseignants-Stagiaires (Cas Du CRMEF-FESMEKNES)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Youssef Nafidi ◽  
Anouar Alami ◽  
Moncef Zaki ◽  
Hanane Afkar ◽  
Mohammed Elazami Elhassani
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Formation Initiale ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Digital Resource ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Training

In light of empirical experience from Morocco, combined with new possibilities afforded by Information and Communication Technology (ICT), there is a wish to integrate new technologies into distance education to help solve a set of problems identified in the initial training at the Regional Centre for the Professions of Education and Training of Fez-Meknes. The results of a study conducted among 15 trainee teachers of the Earth and Life Sciences allow us to conclude that designing a hypermedia tool for learning could constitute a promising solution to address the many challenges linked to the initial training of teachers in Morocco. Finally, the use of this digital resource by trainee teachers’ has also strongly contributed to their eagerness to integrate ICT in their subsequent teaching practices.

The Use of Seniority in Labour Selection and Job Allocation

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Job Allocation ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

One of the many causes of conflict within the labour process is choice of an appropriate criterion for the selection of labour and the allocation of work tasks. While merit, as a proxy for productivity or efficiency, is appropriate according to economic rationality and the principles of business management, evidence abounds of the prevalence of seniority as the criterion most used. In an attempt to explain this apparent contradiction it is hypothesised that, in many cases, management is obliged to utilise seniority because the costs of insisting upon merit are too high. These costs, in turn, are claimed to result from three factors: the difficulties of measuring merit, workers' attachment to the seniority principle and external constraints on having merit predominate. Evidence from a variety of case studies is presented in support of the hypothesis.

Geopolitics, Geography, and War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettweis
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Interaction ◽  
The Many

The study of international relations has always been multidisciplinary. Over the course of the last century, political scientists have borrowed concepts, methods, and logic from a wide range of fields—from history, psychology, economics, law, sociology, anthropology, and others—in their effort to understand why states act as they do. Few of those disciplines contributed more to the course of 20th-century international relations scholarship than geography. As the layout of the chessboard shapes the game, so do the features of the Earth provide the most basic influence upon states. That geography affects international relations is uncontroversial; what is not yet clear, however, is exactly how, under what conditions, and to what extent. After all, a board can teach only a limited amount about the nature of a game. Many theories of state behavior involve several ceteris-paribus assumptions about the setting for international interaction, even if the substantial variation in geographical endowments assures that all things will never be equal. Some states are blessed (or cursed) with a rich supply of natural resources, good ports, arable land, and temperate climate; others struggle with too little (or too much) rainfall, temperature extremes, mountain ranges or deserts, powerful neighbors, or lack of access to the sea. While the number of studies examining the effects of the constants of geography on state behavior may pale in comparison to those that focus on the variables of human interaction, international relations has not been silent about geography. What insights have come from the many investigations into the relationship between the game of international politics and the board it is played on, the surface of the Earth?

Some Reflections on Parachute Design, 1797-1837

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (643) ◽  
pp. 464-466
Author(s):  
S. B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Hot Air ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Casual Reader ◽  
The Many ◽  
Interim Period ◽  
Made In

The casual reader might think that there is a mistake in the title of this paper, but the first authenticated descent by parachute was made in 1797 by Andre Jacques Garnerin in Paris. Subsequently, M. Garnerin also made the first parachute descent in England, in 1802, and some thirty-five years later Mr. Robert Cocking, then sixty-one years of age, made a descent in a parachute of a very different design. This descent resulted in his losing his life.In the interim period between the two descents in England, considerable speculation arose about the designs. The authorities in “Aerostation” of the day put forward some remarkable hypotheses about the problems involved and it might perhaps be of interest to the many people who are now familiar with parachutes to read about them. It is no accident, of course, that the parachute first made a positive appearance at this time. Man had just learnt to free himself from the earth by means of hot air and gas balloons and thus the need for a means of escape was born.

Humour and Incongruity

Philosophy ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (171) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Short List ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Many

The question “What is humour?” has exercised in varying degrees such philosophers as Aristotle, Hobbes, Hume, Kant, Schopenhauer and Bergson and has traditionally been regarded as a philosophical question. And surely it must still be regarded as a philosophical question at least in so far as it is treated as a conceptual one. Traditionally the question has been regarded as a search for the essence of humour, whereas nowadays it has become almost a reflex response among some philosophers to dismiss the search for essences as misconceived. Humour, it will be said, is a family-resemblance concept: no one could hope to compile any short list of essential properties abstracted from all the many varieties of humour— human misfortune and clumsiness, obscenity, grotesqueness, veiled insult, nonsense, wordplay and puns, human misdemeanours and so on, as manifested in forms as varied as parody, satire, drama, clowning, music, farce and cartoons. Yet even if the search for the essence of humour seems at first sight unlikely to succeed, I do not see how we can be sure in advance of any conceptual investigation; and in any case we might do well to start with the old established theories purporting to give the essence of humour, for even if they are wrong they may be illuminatingly wrong and may help us to compile a list of typical characteristics.

I.—An Historical Study of the Werwolf in Literature

PMLA ◽  
1894 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Flower Smith
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
The Many

Among the many survivals which have come down to us from the childhood of humanity nothing seems to be so widespread, so prominent, so persistently vital, as the belief in Metamorphosis. Mythology and Legend are filled with it. Literature is indebted to it for some of her brightest jewels; in fact, some of her grandest monuments, without it, would hardly have a raison d'être. In all nations and times the gods enjoy this, their peculiar privilege, as a matter of course, and they use it, both on themselves and on others, with varying motives and more or less discretion. Among men, those who come by the gift naturally are comparatively rare, and seldom encountered outside of the most primitive nations; of the remainder, a few are presented with the gift by some higher power, but the great majority derive their ability wholly from the use of magic arts. There are the Bear-Men or “Berserkers” and the Swan-Maidens of Scandinavia, the Tiger-Men of India, the Hyena-Men of Abyssinia and many other people of a similar character in all quarters of the earth.

scholarly journals XXII. An improved solution of a problem in physical astronomy; by which, swiftly converging series are obtained, which are useful in computing the perturbations of the motions of the Earth, Mars, and Venus, by their mutual attraction. To which is added an appendix, containing an easy method of obtaining the sums of many slowly converging series which arise in taking the fluents of binominal surds, &c. In a letter to the Rev. Nevil Maskelyne, D. D. F. R. S. and Astronomer Royal

1798 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 527-566
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Mutual Attraction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Nevil Maskelyne

Reverend Sir, Such is the subject of the inclosed paper, and such the repu­tation for skill and industry, which the many valuable papers you have communicated to the Royal Society, and your other learned works, have justly procured to you, that it could not with more propriety be submitted to the judgment of any other person than yourself, even if the writer of it were a stranger to you. But there are circumstances which render my presenting it to you, in some measure, a duty. I had the advantage of being, for some years, your Assistant in the Royal Observatory at Greenwich; during which time, you made the important observations on the mountain Schehallien , in Scotland, which afford an ocular demonstration of the attraction of that mountain, and a strong argument for the general attraction of matter, a subject nearly connected with that of the following pages; and it was from you that I received the problem of which you will here find an improved solution.

Be Ye Therefore Perfect or The Ineradicability of Sin

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Sun ◽  
John Henry Newman ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Catholic Church holds it better for the sun and moon to drop from heaven, for the earth to fail, and for all the many millions on it to die in extreme agony, as far as temporal affliction goes, than that one soul, I will not say, shall be lost, but should commit one single venial sin, should will one venial untruth, or should steal one poor farthing without excuse (John Henry Newman, Apologia Pro Vita Sua)

scholarly journals A systematic approach to the scale separation problem in the development of multiscale models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251297
Author(s):  
Pinaki Bhattacharya ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Damien Lacroix ◽  
Visakan Kadirkamanathan ◽  
Marco Viceconti
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Multiscale Modelling ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Scale Separation ◽  
Multiscale Problems ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantities Of Interest ◽  
Modelling Approach

Throughout engineering there are problems where it is required to predict a quantity based on the measurement of another, but where the two quantities possess characteristic variations over vastly different ranges of time and space. Among the many challenges posed by such ‘multiscale’ problems, that of defining a ‘scale’ remains poorly addressed. This fundamental problem has led to much confusion in the field of biomedical engineering in particular. The present study proposes a definition of scale based on measurement limitations of existing instruments, available computational power, and on the ranges of time and space over which quantities of interest vary characteristically. The definition is used to construct a multiscale modelling methodology from start to finish, beginning with a description of the system (portion of reality of interest) and ending with an algorithmic orchestration of mathematical models at different scales within the system. The methodology is illustrated for a specific but well-researched problem. The concept of scale and the multiscale modelling approach introduced are shown to be easily adaptable to other closely related problems. Although out of the scope of this paper, we believe that the proposed methodology can be applied widely throughout engineering.

scholarly journals Psyche, Santa Fe, and the Earth

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
David G. Barton
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

Santa Fe, New Mexico, is a unique city with an indigenous and multicultural history that serves as a case study for earth-psyche relationships, but it is also an image that encompasses many of the problems and complexes of Western Civilization. This article explores the many underground aspects of the image of “Santa Fe,” including the attraction so many people feel for its mythos and the way it represents a new type of relationship to psyche and earth. At the same time, the paper reveals the projections and complexes that outsiders bring to Santa Fe with often toxic results.

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