Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr H. Kosicki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The World ◽  
Solidarity Movement ◽  
To Come

The book’s epilogue sketches the afterlife of the anti-political alternative to Catholic socialism: dialogue, solidarity, and a pastorally driven, pluralistic “ethical life” (the answer to G.W.F. Hegel’s search for Sittlichkeit). When the Stalinist bubble ultimately burst in the years 1955–1956, Catholic Poland’s non-Stalinist “revolutionaries” joined forces with the dispossessed young radicals from PAX. Together, they looked to reform not only Communist Poland, but Catholicism, too. Poland’s Solidarity movement of 1980–1981 was born in the space of encounter between Catholic socialists and pastoral radicals. Karol Wojtyła became Pope John Paul II, while Tadeusz Mazowiecki co-founded Solidarity and went on to become the Soviet Bloc’s first non-Communist head of state. Yet the lessons of Catholics’ twentieth-century quest for “revolution” dwarf matters of Church and state. The ultimate revolutionary answer to the ethical life was to seek genuine encounters with other “persons” on a similar quest for social justice, human dignity, and solidarity in the world—whatever the Judgment of Heaven to come.

Idiocy and Forlorn Features in Samuel Beckett’s Play “Waiting for Godot”

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Mohammad Owais Khan ◽  
Saudi Arabia
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Special Language

The aim of this paper is to express the idiocy and forlorn elements in Samuel Beckett’s play ‘Waiting for Godot’. To achieve the goals of the research, it is necessary to investigate deeply a blend of comic and pathos involved in the play. These elements are: first, the idiocy which basically depends on the special language of the play, the pitiful and deplorable elements and the use of irony and satire. The play was written in 1949, translated into many languages and it is still performed in many countries all around the world. Waiting for Godot is hailed as one of the masterpieces of the theatre of absurd. With the manifestation of this play on the horizon there came a revolution in the theatre of the twentieth century that was to continue for a long time to come and influence many writers thereafter. Beckett shades light on the sociological and moralistic perspective with the tinge of humour and pathos. His excellent imagination and literary skill create an unforgettable imprint in the minds of his readers. 

scholarly journals POETICS AND PRAGMATICS OF GENRES OF FUNERAL RITUALS OF THE ALTAIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087
Author(s):  
N.R. Oynotkinova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Road ◽  
Conceptual Semantics ◽  
The World ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

The article is devoted to the poetics and pragmatics of the genres sygyt ‘lamentations’ and kerees sӧs ‘memorable word’ in the funeral rites of the Turks of Southern Siberia (Teleuts, Chalkans, Altaians). The material of the study was the texts recorded at the beginning and end of the twentieth century in different dialect groups of Altai people. The posed scientific problem is related to the identification of genres of funeral and memorial rituals of the Altai people, as well as to the study of the conceptual semantics of these texts. The genre sygyt plays an emotionally evaluative function: it is performed to express sorrow, the severity of the loss of a loved one. For cries recorded at the beginning of the twentieth century a developed system of metaphors that perform the functions of imagery and allegory is characteristic. In lamentations, built in the form of a dialogue between the mourner and the deceased, rhetorical questions allow expressing regret, sorrow for those who have gone to another world. The key motives for crying are the road to another world, the irreversibility of life. Another genre, kerees sӧs, is characterized by an assessment of the human dignity of the deceased, an expression of sympathy for his family. The brief blessing formulas contained in them are pronounced for spell-seeking purposes - to close for the soul of the deceased the road to the world of the living.

Anglicanism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Knight
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Church And State ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Mission History ◽  
Anglican Theology

This chapter analyses the ways nineteenth-century Anglicanism has been studied by scholars. Three different traditions of historiography are identified and explored. The first approach is interested in internal ecclesiastical debates, in relations between Church and state, and in wider social change. A brief discussion of the historiography of the Oxford Movement illustrates how academic approaches to this topic have developed since the 1840s. The second approach is scholarly immersion in nineteenth-century Anglican theology, which remained influential for most of the twentieth century. However, it fell out of favour from the 1980s, as new styles of theology became more fashionable. The third approach is the study of Anglicanism outside the British Isles. This developed from a focus on mission history and the development of the Anglican Communion, to more recent appreciation of global Anglicanism, seeking to do justice to the experience of Anglicans, wherever they live in the world.

Free Church Traditions in Twentieth-Century Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-291
Author(s):  
Toivo Pilli ◽  
Ian M. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Social Ministry ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Global Mission ◽  
The World ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe

This chapter focuses on the Free Church traditions, the heirs of earlier dissenting movements, in Europe in the twentieth century. This century posed major challenges to Free Church believers. The chapter explores five main areas: evangelistic witness, church and state relations, theology and spirituality, issues of identity, and social and global involvements. The chapter shows that while some Free Church denominations saw numerical decline, others—particularly Pentecostals—grew. It explores how some Free Churches have been reluctant to get involved in wider political issues, while others have been deeply engaged; how in theology and spirituality European Free Church scholars have made a contribution; how Free Churches have related in different ways to ecumenical endeavour; and how they have been involved in social ministry. Finally, although Europe has become a missionary-receiving part of the world, this chapter suggests that global mission has remained an essential part of European Free Church identity.

Noise threshold: Merzbow and the end of natural sound

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Paul Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Loud Sound ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Sound ◽  
Noise Threshold ◽  
To Come ◽  
Musique Concrete ◽  
Clear Line

When we ask what noise is, we would do well to remember that no single definition can function timelessly - this may well be the case with many terms, but one of the arguments of this essay is that noise is that which always fails to come into definition. Generally speaking, noise is taken to be a problem: unwanted sound, unorganised sound, excessively loud sound. Metaphorically, when we hear of noise being generated, we understand it to be something extraneous. Historically, though, noise has just as often signalled music, or pleasing sound, as its opposite. In the twentieth century, the notion of a clear line between elements suitable for compositional use (i.e. notes, created on instruments) and the world of noises was broken down. Russolo's ‘noisy machines’, Varèse and Satie's use of ostensibly non-musical machines to generate sounds, musique concrète, Cage's rethinking of sound, noise, music, silence . . .

scholarly journals Visi Kosmopolitanisme Islam di Lingkungan Jaringan Intelektual Muda Muhammadiyah

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Hasnan Bachtiar ◽  
Haeri Fadly ◽  
Moh. Nurhakim
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Progressive Islam

This paper tries to diagnose the vision of Islamic Cosmopolitanism toward the circle of Young Intellectual Muhammadiyah Network (JIMM). Through the perspective of social diagnose of the tradition of Mannhemian sociology of knowledge, it finds that JIMM has their own intellectual stand amongst some humanity discourses and ideas such pluralism, multiculturalism, bhinneka nationalism and cosmopolitanism. Elaborations among these discourses and ideas are played in order to serve the sense of social justice and humanity, as well as human dignity in the world. These elaborations are dakwah efforts that want to be a winner in the midst of global civilization constellation. However, in these attitudes, JIMM has foundation of thought which is interpreted into three ways, are: progressive Islam, social liberation, and historical activism. In dealing with very different context of Muslim societies in the contemporary time, Islamic Cosmopolitanism of JIMM attempts to fulfill their mission through the agenda of internationalization Islam berkemajuan and Indonesian Islam.

The Triumph of Industrial Chemistry: The Industrial Response to Sir William Crookes

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Bosch Process ◽  
Caucasian Race ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

In 1905, Sir William Crookes published a book entitled The Wheat Problem in which he reiterated what he had said in his British Association address of 1898. The content and tone are familiar: “The fixation of nitrogen is vital to the progress of civilized humanity, and unless we can class it among the certainties to come, the great Caucasian race will cease to be foremost in the world, and will be squeezed out of existence by races to whom wheaten bread is not the staff of life.” A whole gamut of processes for fixing nitrogen was described in a book published in 1914, and in 1919 an eminent U.S. electrochemist, H. J. M. Creighton, published a series of three papers entitled “How the Nitrogen Fixation Problem Has Been Solved.” However, the broader story was only just beginning to unfold. In about 1925, J. W. Mellor, in a justly celebrated sixteen-volume compendium, simply took Creighton at his word and stated quite baldly: “The problem has since [Crookes’ lecture] been solved.” Mellor describes not one but six processes that he believed were of industrial significance. These were: (1) the direct oxidation of dinitrogen by dioxygen to yield, initially, nitrogen oxides, as was undertaken in the Norwegian arc process; (2) the absorption of dinitrogen by metal carbides, subsequently developed as the cyanamide process; (3) the reaction of dinitrogen and dihydrogen by what has become known as the Haber process, or, more justifiably, the Haber–Bosch process; (4) the reaction of dinitrogen with metals, followed by treatment of the resultant nitrides with water; (5) the reaction of dinitrogen with carbon to form cyanides; and (6) the oxidation of dinitrogen during the combustion of coal or natural gas. Of these, only the first three really reached the stage of industrial exploitation, and only the Haber–Bosch process has been applied to any degree of significance since about 1950. The history of these three major developments is traced below. One of the first industrially significant reactions to be developed at the beginning of the twentieth century had already been known for more than 100 years.

Aesthetic paradoxes of Russian drama

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Злотникова ◽  
Tat'yana Zlotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Drama Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Empirical Material

Kulturphilosophie deterministic constant in the fate of Russian drama is presented through the presence and the severity of the aesthetic paradoxes. The author sees an attempt of the Russian drama of the XX century "to come off" from own roots. The book analyzes the experience of modern drama theory (Pushkin), genre paradoxes (Gogol), the formation of a specific picture of the world that anticipated the birth of the European drama of absurdity (Chekhov), as well as the experience of the Russian drama of the twentieth century. at the personal level (Gorky, Rozov) and at the level of trends (the search for a "positive hero" at the turn of 1970-1980, the Russian drama of absurdity, verbal aggression in the word). Innovative is about the Seminary "theory of drama as a cultural-philosophical horizon", which allows to actualize the analysis of the presented theoretical and empirical material through a specific categorical apparatus.

scholarly journals From the Bright Future of the Nation to the Dark Future of Mankind: Jókai and Karinthy in Hungarian Utopian Tradition

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Zsolt Czigányik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Active Part ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Utopian Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
Structuralist View ◽  
To Come

After defining utopianism Czigányik gives a brief introduction to Hungarian utopian literature. While he discusses Tariménes utazása [‘The Voyage of Tariménes’], written by György Bessenyei in 1804, the utopian scenes of Imre Madách’s Az ember tragédiája [‘The Tragedy of Man’, 1862] and Frigyes Karinthy’s short utopian piece, Utazás Faremidoba [‘Voyage to Faremido’, 1916], the bulk of the paper deals with Mór Jókai’s monumental novel, A jövő század regénye, [‘The Novel of the Century to Come’, 1872]. Jókai, who had taken an active part in the 1848 uprising, depicts in this novel a future world of an imaginary twentieth century, where Hungary has primacy within the Habsburg empire (with the emperor king being Árpád Habsburg) and the invention of the airplane (by a Hungarian) brings lasting peace, stability and prosperity to the world. Besides introducing the Hungarian utopian tradition, the paper will reflect upon the role of individuals in imagined societies and how an agency-centered narrative overwrites the essentially structuralist view of history, that usually permeates utopias.

In Search of the National Interest

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grayson L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
The World ◽  
William Mckinley ◽  
To Come

There are fads in scholarship as well as in fashion. Just JL now, the current fad, with respect to American diplomatic history, is to belabor what is called “Wilsonianism” with all the sarcasm and dignified invective at the writer's disposal. It is almost de rigueur to expatiate upon the prescient wisdom of the Founding Fathers, to pass over most of the period between John Quincy Adams and William McKinley as relatively unimportant, and to concentrate the heaviest guns of criticism upon the “Utopianism” of the first half of the twentieth century. Only now, and belatedly, we are told, is the United States beginning to come down from the clouds of illusion and to survey realistically the true nature of the world with which its diplomatists and policymakers must cope. Only now are we beginning once again to measure possible policy decisions by the yardsticks of power and “the national interest.”

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