A Preliminary Study on 3D Printing of Variable-Stiffness Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites with Spline Curved Orientation and Volume Fraction of Fibers as Design Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (0) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Kohji SUZUKI ◽  
Zun WANG ◽  
Shinya HONDA
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Characterization of Fiber Alignment and Fiber Volume Content of Long-fiber Reinforced Composites

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 096369359400300
Author(s):  
J. Schuster ◽  
R. Selzer ◽  
K. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Orientation Factor ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Alignment Process

Scanning electron micrographs of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites were analyzed using an image processing system. The main objective of this study was to determine the alignment process which takes place during thermoforming of Long Discontinouos Fiber Composties (LDF™). The planar orientation factor and the standard deviation of the fiber cross section area were determined. Thus, an alignment process could be stated. In addition, the fiber volume fraction was calculated.

Optimization design and 3D printing of curvilinear fiber reinforced variable stiffness composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 108502
Author(s):  
Zhanghao Hou ◽  
Xiaoyong Tian ◽  
Junkang Zhang ◽  
Ziqi Zheng ◽  
Lu Zhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

scholarly journals The Road to Improved Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printing Technology

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
S M Fijul Kabir ◽  
Kavita Mathur ◽  
Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Polymer Distribution

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is at the forefront of the disruptive innovations adding a new dimension in the material fabrication process with numerous design flexibilities. Especially, the ability to reinforce the plastic matrix with nanofiber, microfiber, chopped fiber and continuous fiber has put the technology beyond imagination in terms of multidimensional applications. In this technical paper, fiber and polymer filaments used by the commercial 3D printers to develop fiber-reinforced composites are characterized to discover the unknown manufacturing specifications such as fiber–polymer distribution and fiber volume fraction that have direct practical implications in determining and tuning composites’ properties and their applications. Additionally, the capabilities and limitations of 3D printing software to process materials and control print parameters in relation to print quality, structural integrity and properties of printed composites are discussed. The work in this paper aims to present constructive evaluation and criticism of the current technology along with its pros and cons in order to guide prospective users and 3D printing equipment manufacturers on improvements, as well as identify the potential avenues of development of the next generation 3D printed fiber-reinforced composites.

3D printing for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: mechanism and performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuncheng Yang ◽  
Xiaoyong Tian ◽  
Tengfei Liu ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
Dichen Li
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One

Purpose Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) are becoming more significant in industrial applications but are limited by the high cost of molds, the manufacturing boundedness of complex constructions and the inability of special fiber alignment. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing process for CFRTPCs to realize the low-cost rapid fabrication of complicated composite components. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the mechanism of the proposed process, which consists of the thermoplastic polymer melting, the continuous fiber hot-dipping and the impregnated composites extruding, was investigated. A 3D printing equipment for CFRTPCs with a novel composite extrusion head was developed, and some composite samples have been fabricated for several mechanical tests. Moreover, the interface performance was clarified with scanning electron microscopy images. Findings The results showed that the flexural strength and the tensile strength of these 10 Wt.% continuous carbon fiber (CCF)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) specimens were improved to 127 and 147 MPa, respectively, far greater than the one of ABS parts and close to the one of CCF/ABS (injection molding) with the same fiber content. Moreover, these test results also exposed the very low interlaminar shear strength (only 2.81 MPa) and the inferior interface performance. These results were explained by the weak meso/micro/nano scale interfaces in the 3D printed composite parts. Originality/value The 3D printing process for CFRTPCs with its controlled capabilities for the orientation and distribution of fiber has great potential for manufacturing of load-bearing composite parts in the industrial circle.

scholarly journals Generation of Wholly Thermoplastic Composites and Their Processing in Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianran Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication

3D printing has attracted great interest over the past three decades due to its high precision, less waste generation and design freedom [1-3]. One of the major challenges 3D printing is the poor mechanical performance of pure polymer parts. Researchers used traditional carbon and glass fiber reinforced composites to overcome this issue [4-7]. The traditional fibers can improve the mechanical properties of printed parts. However, the manufacturing techniques and printing process restrict the overall performance of the printed parts. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) is another reinforcement which offers lighter weight, lower viscosity, excellent mechanical performance and great recyclability [8-15]. TLCPs are capable of forming extended conformations when subjected to extensional or shear deformation.[16, 17] The formation of highly orientated molecular structure enables the generation of high mechanical properties. In this study, polyamide was reinforced with TLCP by the dual-extrusion technique to generate high performance composite filaments [18]. Rheological tests were used to optimize the processing conditions of the dual-extrusion process, which could minimize the degradation of matrix polymer. High performance and lightweight fiber-reinforced composite parts were fabricated by utilizing the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. The composite filaments were printed at the temperature below the melting point of TLCP to avoid the relaxation of TLCP. The mechanical performances of printed parts are greater than 3D printed parts which are reinforced by conventional fibers.

scholarly journals Generation of Wholly Thermoplastic Composites and Their Processing in Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianran Chen ◽  
Donald Baid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication

3D printing has attracted great interest over the past three decades due to its high precision, less waste generation and design freedom[1-3]. One of the major challenges 3D printing is the poor mechanical performance of pure polymer parts. Researchers used traditional carbon and glass fiber reinforced composites to overcome this issue [4-7]. The traditional fibers can improve the mechanical properties of printed parts. However, the manufacturing techniques and printing process restrict the overall performance of the printed parts. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) is another reinforcement which offers lighter weight, lower viscosity, excellent mechanical performance and great recyclability [8-15]. TLCPs are capable of forming extended conformations when subjected to extensional or shear deformation.[16, 17] The formation of highly orientated molecular structure enables the generation of high mechanical properties . In this study, polyamide was reinforced with TLCP by the dual-extrusion technique to generate high performance composite filaments [18]. Rheological tests were used to optimize the processing conditions of the dual-extrusion process, which could minimize the degradation of matrix polymer. High performance and lightweight fiber-reinforced composite parts were fabricated by utilizing the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. The composite filaments were printed at the temperature below the melting point of TLCP to avoid the relaxation of TLCP. The mechanical performances of printed parts are greater than 3D printed parts which are reinforced by conventional fibers.

Manufacture of Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites with High Fiber Volume Fraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
An Chang Xu ◽  
Li Min Bao
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Reinforcement Fiber

In fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic (FRP) the fiber volume fraction is always up to 60 percent, but in fiber reinforced thermoplastic (FRTP) it is low to about 30 percent which greatly limit their performance. In this paper, for increasing the fiber volume fraction of thermoplastic composite, a new impregnation method for molding continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic was explored; the fiber volume fraction was significantly raised to 60 percent which is equal to that of FRPs. Then the tensile property was investigated and made a contrast with FRP with the same reinforcement fiber. The results showed that both the FRP and FRTP composites have the similar tensile properties and indicated that the molding method is effective for FRTP manufacture.

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