scholarly journals Acceptance Condition for Toothform- and Toothtrace Accuracy of Cylindrical Involute Gears and its Effect On Power Transmitting Characteristics : 1st Report, Acceptance of Gears with Bad Tooth Flank Form

1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (499) ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Aizoh KUBO ◽  
Tetsuya NONAKA ◽  
Keiichi FUJIMOTO ◽  
Yasutsune ARlURA ◽  
Tsutomu NAKANISHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Involute Gears ◽  
Acceptance Condition ◽  
Tooth Flank

A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hedlund ◽  
A Lehtovaara
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Standard Geometry ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Gear Geometry ◽  
Tooth Flank

Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

Laser Interferometric Measuring Method of Involute Artifact and Stabilization of Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Masaharu Komori ◽  
◽  
Fumi Takeoka ◽  
Aizoh Kubo ◽  
Hiroshige Fujio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Form Quality ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Laser Interferometric

Vibration and noise are serious problems with involute spur and helical gears used, e.g., in drivetrains of vehicles such as automobiles. The gear tooth flank form of micrometer order markedly affects gear vibration and noise; therefore, the tooth flank form quality must be strictly controlled to maximize gear performance. Tooth profile measuring machines used in calibration for form error inspection of involute gears usually use an involute artifact, which itself must be calibrated highly accurately. However, it is typically difficult for current tooth profile measuring machine using contact stylus to calibrate the involute artifact with a high accuracy while satisfying traceability to a national standard. A highly precise and traceable measuring technology for the involute artifact is therefore required. The direct measurement of the involute artifact we propose uses a laser interferometer, whose measurement stability is confirmed in experiments measuring the detailed form of an involute tooth flank.

scholarly journals Influence of tooth flank modification on tooth surface damage of conical involute gears

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (829) ◽  
pp. 15-00311-15-00311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko MORIKAWA ◽  
Kouji KUMAGAI ◽  
Mikio NAGAHARA ◽  
Masaharu KOMORI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Damage ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Tooth Flank

scholarly journals Wear of AlCrN and CrAlSiN Coatings Applied to Nonstandard Involute Gears

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Pavol Švec ◽  
Miroslav Bošanský ◽  
Ernest Gondár ◽  
František Toth ◽  
Roman Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Frictional Stress ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Face Surface ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Tooth Flank

Wear of nonstandard involute gears with two types of coatings, AlCrN and CrAlSiN, was studied. The coatings were applied by cathodic arc deposition. The gears were tested using a Niemann tester at a graduated load up to the 12th load stage and were compared to noncoated gears. Both Biogear S150 gear oil and PP90 universal hydraulic oil were applied during these tests. The thickness of deposited coatings and wear of gear teeth were studied by SEM and their chemical compositions were determined by EDS analysis. Maximal contact pressure of 1350 MPa was calculated in the region of the tooth flank at the 12th load stage. Maximal frictional stress was also calculated on the tooth flank. The resistance against wear of gears was evaluated based on the critical weight loss and mainly based on the critical surface roughness of gears. The critical roughness was exceeded at the 10th load stage for noncoated gears. For the gears with AlCrN and CrAlSiN coatings, the critical roughness was exceeded at the 11th load stage. Wear of AlCrN and CrAlSiN coatings was nonuniform along the height of tooth. Wear on the tooth flank was characterized by fragmentation of thin coatings and subsequent detaching of fragments from the steel substrate. The steel substrate was worn by microcutting, which caused the highest roughness on the tooth surface. On the tooth pitch, surface protrusions of coatings were smoothed, and coatings cracked and locally detached subsequently. On the tooth face, surface protrusions were also smoothed but coatings remained compact without crack initiations. Both experimental oils, Biogear S150 and PP90, proved to be suitable during Niemann tests as their temperatures did not exceed the limit value of 80 °C.

scholarly journals 2208 Influence of Tooth Flank Modification on Tooth Surface Damage of Conical Involute Gears

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (0) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Kouji KUMAGAI ◽  
Kunihiko MORIKAWA ◽  
Mikio NAGAHARA ◽  
Masaharu KOMORI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Damage ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Tooth Flank

Geometry and contact characteristics of torus involute gears

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jingwen Tan ◽  
Meijuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Involute Gear ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Conjugate Surfaces ◽  
Tooth Flank

Aimed at overcoming high sensitivity to machining or mounting error of line-contact conjugate surfaces, a novel torus involute gear drive is proposed which can compensate large axial misalignments and possess good meshing characteristics without lead correction. The torus involute gear is essentially a special spur gear with continuous shifting in the second order. Based on the processing principle of the torus involute gears, their mathematical models are established according to the corresponding imaginary rack cutter. In order to provide the approach to choose proper designing parameters, geometry characteristics of the torus involute gear are investigated: condition equations of tooth undercutting for a convex torus involute gear and tooth pointing for a concave torus involute gear are formulated utilizing the developed mathematical models, and the approach to checking tooth flank interference is provided. Contact characteristics of the gear set is studied through tooth contact analysis and finite element analysis. The simulated results produce useful information about tooth contact pattern, stress distribution, and transmission errors of the gear set.

Point-Line Meshing Gear Drive

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3391-3395
Author(s):  
Hai Huang ◽  
Hai Xiang Li ◽  
Qi Han Luo
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Single Point ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Single Arc ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Meshing Gears ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Point Line ◽  
Load Noise

Point-line meshing gear is a new-styled gear characterized by both easy manufacturing and divisibility of involute gears and high strength for contacting between convex and concave tooth profiles of a circular-arc gear. And contact strength of point-line meshing gears has improved by 1~2 times in comparison with involute gears, and bending strength of such gears has improved by approximately 15%, while noise has decreased even by 5～10dB (A). In addition, with the increase of load, noise will decrease by 3~4 dB (A). Only a few teeth or even 2~3 teeth are required for a pinion gear. There are single point-line meshing gears (equivalent to single arc gear), double point-line meshing gears (equivalent to double arc gear) and few-tooth point-line meshing gears, totaling three kinds, which are widely used in reducers for metallurgy, mining, craning, transport and chemical industries. And the three kinds of gears can be converted into soft tooth-flank, medium tooth-flank and hard tooth-flank gears. Here the types, characters, meshing features and dimension calculation of point-line meshing gears are described.

scholarly journals Shear cutting induced residual stresses in involute gears and resulting tooth root bending strength of a fineblanked gear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Müller ◽  
Jens Stahl ◽  
Anian Nürnberger ◽  
Roland Golle ◽  
Thomas Tobie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Cut Surface

AbstractThe manufacturing of case-hardened gears usually consists of several complex and expensive steps to ensure high load carrying capacity. The load carrying capacity for the main fatigue failure modes pitting and tooth root breakage can be increased significantly by increasing the near surface compressive residual stresses. In earlier publications, different shear cutting techniques, the near-net-shape-blanking processes (NNSBP’s), were investigated regarding a favorable residual stress state. The influence of the process parameters on the amount of clean cut, surface roughness, hardness and residual stresses was investigated. Furthermore, fatigue bending tests were carried out using C-shaped specimens. This paper reports about involute gears that are manufactured by fineblanking. This NNSBP was identified as suitable based on the previous research, because it led to a high amount of clean cut and favorable residual stresses. For the fineblanked gears of S355MC (1.0976), the die edge radii were varied and the effects on the cut surface geometry, hardness distribution, surface roughness and residual stresses are investigated. The accuracy of blanking the gear geometry is measured, and the tooth root bending strength is determined in a pulsating test rig according to standardized testing methods. It is shown that it is possible to manufacture gears by fineblanking with a high precision comparable to gear hobbing. Additionally, the cut surface properties lead to an increased tooth root bending strength.

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