scholarly journals Analysis of the Decision-Making Process of an Expert in Cutting Conditions Set-up Using ANP

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (687) ◽  
pp. 3100-3107
Author(s):  
Hiromasa SENBA ◽  
Kazuo MORI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals Digital Twin for Monitoring Ergonomics during Manufacturing Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7758
Author(s):  
Alessandro Greco ◽  
Mario Caterino ◽  
Marcello Fera ◽  
Salvatore Gerbino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Smart Factories

Within the era of smart factories, concerning the ergonomics related to production processes, the Digital Twin (DT) is the key to set up novel models for monitoring the performance of manual work activities, which are able to provide results in near real time and to support the decision-making process for improving the working conditions. This paper aims to propose a methodological framework that, by implementing a human DT, and supports the monitoring and the decision making regarding the ergonomics performances of manual production lines. A case study, carried out in a laboratory, is presented for demonstrating the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The results show how it is possible to identify the operational issues of a manual workstation and how it is possible to propose and test improving solutions.

PRE-COVERAGE ASSESSMENTS OF NEW HOSPITAL INTERVENTIONS ON AUSTRIA: METHODOLOGY AND 3 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Mad ◽  
Sabine Geiger-Gritsch ◽  
Gerda Hinterreiter ◽  
Stefan Mathis-Edenhofer ◽  
Claudia Wild
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Grade Methodology

Objectives: A new decision-making process was set up by the Austrian Ministry of Health to regulate coverage of new proposed Extra Medical Services (EMS; German: Medizinische Einzel-Leistung [MEL]) in 2008. As part of the annual decision-making process an independent academic institution (LBI-HTA) is evaluating relevant evidence on these new technologies and provides HTAs, including evidence-based recommendations for decision makers.Methods: About ten EMS assessments are performed annually by the LBI-HTA simultaneously between January and March. Each peer-reviewed report consists of a systematic literature review and critical appraisal of evidence using the GRADE methodology. The generation of numerous reports of good quality standards within the short timeframe is achieved by a standardized workflow with predefined assignment of tasks for all participants.Results: In total, the LBI-HTA performed twenty-five EMS assessments on thirty-three different interventions in the last three years. Coverage was recommended with limitation for eleven (33%) interventions, and not recommended for twenty-two (66%) interventions. The federal health commission decided on acceptance or preliminary acceptance of coverage in seven (22%) cases, rejection in eighteen (55%) cases and changed the status to “subject to approval” in seven (24%) cases.Conclusions: Pre-coverage assessment of new hospital interventions was implemented successfully in Austria. It has proved to be a useful tool to support decision makers with objective evidence when deciding whether or not to reimburse medical services.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WORKING – WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN SOUTH ASIA: CASE OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Naseer, Yasmin Syed, Safia Habib,
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Basic Scale ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Women are the integral part of all societies no society can progress without the active participation of women. The involvement of women in decision making process is very important in every field of life. Like many other developing countries Pakistan has also patriarchal social set up where women take decisions under the dominance of their father, husband. Objective of the study was find out the factors influencing the decision-making power of women in family matters’ sample of 120 married universities teachers was selected from the three selected universities of Quetta city. Chi square analysis is used to see the influence of age and personal income on women decision making power. The result reveals that there is significant association between different basic scale and right to take decision as a wife(p<0.020) or as a mother (p<0.026), Married university teachers believe in husband seniority in age (r =0.111; p<0.002) with their decision-making power. Furthermore, they achieve socio economic status (p=<0.049) due to their personal income and their income play supportive role (p =<0.014) in decision making process. 75% respondents free to spend their income on household expenditure(p=<0.026) but have less authority over property related decisions. Overall women education, age, occupation and income has a significant effect on household decision making.

scholarly journals Dificuldades organizacionais nas primeiras escolas graduadas da cidade de Lisboa (segunda metade do século xix)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Carlos Manique da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Grade Retention ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
School Model ◽  
Set Up

This study is focused on the graded schools of Lisbon (Casa Pia and municipal schools) in the second half of the nineteenth century. The aim was to understand how the dysfunctions of the graded school model were being «corrected». Indeed, it was inconceivable for the model to be contested (as the research shows), – it simply had to work better. The greatest organizational difficulty in such schools resulted from the teacher’s task of looking after students with different cognitive levels and needs. During the 1880s, this classroom heterogeneity resulted in several classroom management problems in the institutional context of the Lisbon Casa Pia, even though the graded school model had proved its effectiveness there in the 1860s. Among other measures introduced to counter such problems, the school board was set up with the idea of overcoming organizational difficulties by involving teachers in the decision-making process. However, the extremely strict criteria that needed to be met to pass onto a higher grade hampered the flux of students in the municipal schools of Lisbon, making grade retention an ordinary procedure – particularly in the first grades. The school boards proposed several solutions to this problem, among which curriculum segmentation. 

scholarly journals 3.L. Workshop: It’s time for timeliness in Health Technology Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The timeliness of the release of results is one of the most critical issue regarding Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and its potential to support decision-making. This matter may reflect the deep conflict between HTA doers and users. HTA is a form of evidence-based research, expected to timely inform decision-making at several levels - from health policy (macro) to hospital and clinical management (meso and micro) - ensuring accuracy and assessment of both short- and long-term effects of a health technology. HTA purpose therefore is to respond to real world needs, while not overlook a correct methodology. Fast developing health technologies have rapidly spread over the past decades, hence increasing demand for timely assessment aimed at their prompt implementation and management, especially at meso and micro decisional levels. Furthermore, the need for quick answers is emphasized by the pressures placed on policy-makers when a health technology is publicly promoted or contested. Furthermore, an ill-timed assessment can lead to several consequences, among which possible inequalities in access to healthcare. In order to address the challenge of timeliness, organizations involved in HTA should set up models and tools to deliver timely information. The aim of this workshop is to point out the timeliness of HTA as crucial in the decision-making process as a mismanagement of HTA system could be an obstacle to an appropriate healthcare policy. Else more, the workshop would like to critically present examples where research was on time or too late to be included in the decision-making process and elaborate on possible models to successfully deal with timeliness of HTA deliverables in particular at hospital level. Key messages The timeframe of HTA should ensure the accuracy of information and of methodological and legal steps, without forgetting the timeliness of delivery. Models and instruments should be implemented in order to guarantee the timeliness of HTA reports.

scholarly journals MENDESAIN HUBUNGAN KABINET DENGAN GUBERNUR DALAM SISTEM PRESIDENSIAL INDONESIA

LITIGASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Rizky Jayuska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ministerial Power

Article 4 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution concerning the President of the Republic of Indonesia holds governmental authority under the Constitution. However, Governor elected sometimes set up policies ultra viresfor they thought that they held legitimacy to exercise the power from their consituents. Poor coordination between Cabinet and the Governor and program mismatched implicated in bad development program and public service in the region. President, in the context of presidentialism, is the apex of hierarchy. The Cabinet must be loyal to the president not to other patrons. Proposal to grant a ministerial power level of position and role to the Governor or to provide seats for Governor and Deputy Governor at the cabinet meeting is worth a consideration. In addition to lessen the miscommunication with the Cabinet, it is also to ease the works of the Cabinet in the regions. Governor and the Cabinet would have a good relationship whenever the program and policy of the Cabinet are transparently conveyed to all governors and when people are also informed. Participation should be developed on the ground of freedom of speech. Therefore, the decision-making process in the Cabinet that was formerly hierarchical will shift to the process involving the entire people of Indonesia. Certainly, the mechanism of this participation would be easier if the representative of the governor or the Governer seats in the Cabinet and vice versa

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF CONSERVATION AREAS WITH PARTICIPATION OF COMMUNITIES IN MOZAMBIQUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
José Manuel Elija Guamba
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Mode Of Production

This article discusses the challenges of managing conservation areas; in search of new institutional instruments and mechanisms that make effective conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems in protected areas. The management of conservation areas in some countries has been made from a growing demand for involvement of stakeholders and communities in decision-making in the process of managing natural resources. There are three issues surrounding the debate on participatory management of conservation areas, namely: the distribution of authority and responsibilities in the decision-making process; distribution of benefits and sustainability (ecological, social and economic).  The main reasons that justify the management of these areas with the participation of communities are: the restriction on access to resources can compromise the food security of families living there and; it is a prerequisite for communities to be able to carry out their activities, to set up joint enterprises with them, or other forms of management that make their participation effective.  The analytical approach was based on the theory of natural resource management and complemented by recent contributions from research in the areas of political sociology, poverty and the environment on the phenomenon of "participation". The local dimension, although the integrative synthesis between the natural and the human, historically and spatially located, makes essential a participatory management of conservation areas in countries such as Mozambique, because it allows the understanding and transformation of social relations that are carried out from a certain mode of production and organization established in a defined space of protection and conservation.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: THE NEED TO TRANSFORM THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PARADIGMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODRIGO JILIBERTO HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Strategic Environmental Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Environmental Dimension ◽  
Set Up

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) needs to develop its own theoretical ground and its related concepts to be able to address the challenges of environmentally improving complex strategic decisions such as policies, plans and programmes (PPP). According to its conceptual specificity, SEA requires an autonomous methodology. Its main feature is that it must be able to dialogue with the decision-making process to ensure the decision related environmental values are duly taken into account. This paper proposes two linked concepts that could help to set up an autonomous conceptual ground for the SEA: The concept of consistency requirements of decisions and the concept of decision related environmental values. In addition, SEA needs to identify the specific environmental dimension of strategic decisions. The concept of environmental impact describes perfectly the environmental dimension of projects. This paper proposes the concept of the sectorial environmental system as the genuine representation of the strategic environmental dimension of strategic decisions and therefore as the key target for SEA activities.

Simulation study of crowd dynamics in pedestrian evacuation concerning panic contagion: A cellular automaton approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-ning Wang ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Jin-wei Chen ◽  
Kaifeng Deng ◽  
Ru-dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transmission Status

Abstract The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management. Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety, but also affects the pedestrians decision-making process, thereby inducing the abnormal crowd behavior. Prompted by the epidemiological SIR model, an extended floor field cellular automaton model was proposed to investigate the pedestrian dynamics under the threat of hazard resulting from the panic contagion. In the model, the conception of panic transmission status (PTS) was put forward to describe pedestrians' behavior who could transmit panic emotions to others. The model also indicated the pedestrian movement was governed by the static and hazard threat floor field. Then rules that panic could influence decision-making process were set up based on the floor field theory. The simulation results show that the stronger the pedestrian panic, the more sensitive pedestrians are to hazards, and the less able to rationally find safe exits. However, when the crowd density is high, the panic contagion has a less impact on the evacuation process of pedestrians. It is also found that when the hazard position is closer to the exit, the panic will propagate for a longer time and have a greater impact on the evacuation. The results also suggest that as the extent of pedestrian's familiarity with the environment increases, pedestrians spend less time to escape from the room and are less sensitive to the hazard. In addition, it is essential to point out that, compared with the impact of panic contagion, the pedestrian's familiarity with environment has a more significant influence on the evacuation.

The Effect of Fiscal Transparency on the Provision of a Public Good: An Experimental Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Julian Krause
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Public Good Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiscal Transparency ◽  
City District ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents a model and experimental results of a public good game to explore the effects of fiscal transparency on the provision of a public good. Two types of fiscal transparency are explored. The first is the transparency of the decision-making process and the second is the transparency of government spending. To answer this question a model for the public good “city district quality” with heterogeneous agents is set up and the design and the results of the experiment are presented.

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