scholarly journals Formation of Copper Powders in the Cathode Half-Period of Alternating Current

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
Abduali Bayeshov ◽  
Azhar Bayeshova ◽  
Dinara Abizhanova ◽  
Umida Abduvaliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Alternating Current ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Transient Currents ◽  
Titanium Electrode ◽  
Copper Powders ◽  
Sinusoidal Current ◽  
Current Flows

In the proposed research paper, we considered the pattern of formation of copper powders during the polarization of electrodes by transient currents. When a copper-titanium pair of electrodes is polarized with an industrial alternating current of 50 Hz in a solution of copper (II) sulfate, it is shown that copper powders with a high current yield are formed on the surface of the titanium electrode. Under optimum conditions, the current yield is 80%. The size of the formed copper powders is 0.5-2 µm. The analysis of the obtained oscillograms showed that when titanium is used in the circuit, the asymmetrical sinusoidal current flows.

Chronopotentiometric Study of EC Mechanism Duringthe First Cycle of Alternating Current

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Molina ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Ortiz ◽  
Ricardo Ruiz ◽  
Manuela López-Tenés
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Result ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Ec Mechanism ◽  
Sinusoidal Current

The theoretical approach to the application of the first period of a sinusoidal current at static and dynamic spherical electrodes for study of EC mechanism is presented. Methods for determining heterogeneous and homogeneous kinetic parameters are proposed. In order to check theoretical result, the rate of benzidine rearrangement was evaluated from transition time measurements.

scholarly journals Dissolution of iron in sodium chloride solution during alternating current polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
A. Bayeshova ◽  
◽  
A. Bayeshov ◽  
A. Kadirbayeva ◽  
F. Zhumabay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Titanium Electrode ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
First Time

Iron compounds are widely used in many industries and engineering, and even in medicine. The existing methods of obtaining iron compounds are multi-stage and complex. The purpose of this work is to obtain iron (II) hydroxide and oxide from metal waste under alternating current action using one and two half-cycles. For the first time, the electrochemical behavior of iron electrode was studied by electrolysis method during alternating current polarization of industrial frequency in sodium chloride solutions. The iron polarization was carried out in pair with titanium, while the current density on the iron electrode varied in the range of 200-1200 A/m2, and on the titanium is in the range of 20-100 kA/m2. It is established that in the anode half-cycle of alternating current, iron is oxidized to form divalent ions. At this moment, the titanium electrode is in the cathode half-cycle, hydrogen is released on it, hydroxyl ions are formed in the cathode space. In the solution, ions interact with iron (II) ions to produce iron hydroxide. At temperatures above 600C, iron (II) hydroxide is dehydrated with the production of iron (II) oxide. The electrolysis was carried out in two electrolyzers connected to each other in parallel with the immersion of pair of “titanium-iron” electrodes into each electrolyzer. The iron dissolution occurs simultaneously in two half-cycles of alternating current and this approach is proposed for the first time. The process productivity increases by more than 1.5 times.

Development of a Power Supply for the Food Processing Device, Using High Pressure due to Evaporation of Aluminum Wire by Discharging High Current

2013 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichiro Hanashiro ◽  
Katsuya Higa ◽  
Takumi Matsui ◽  
Ryo Matsubara ◽  
Osamu Higa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Current ◽  
Aluminum Wire ◽  
Instantaneous Discharge ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Processing Device

We have developed the food processing device which uses underwater shock waves generated by gap discharging and electrical sparking. This method is dangerous due to the fact that it requires a very high voltage. Thus, we have focused on evaporation of aluminum wires occurred by the instantaneous high current and low voltage from a charged capacitor. When instantaneous high current flows through the aluminum wire is anchored between electrodes, a shock wave is generated by the evaporation of the aluminum wire. In this research, we have developed a power supply module for the food processing device using high pressure of shock wave due to evaporation of aluminum wire by instantaneous discharge of high current. In the present stage, the evaporation of aluminum wire can generate 70% of pressure compared to the gap discharge, and as for the electric power, it reached 22.5% of the gap discharge. It has been understood that the number of the aluminum wires are important to obtain a high pressure, when the charged capacitor discharged the charge. We found that evaporation of aluminum wire can generate high pressure with low voltage, which is more effective than the gap discharging in terms of safety.

THE ELECTROLYSIS OF SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (5) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Shipley ◽  
M. T. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
Hydrogen Overvoltage ◽  
General Relations ◽  
A Current

The a-c. electrolysis of a number of organic compounds was carried out in order to ascertain what products might be obtained, what electrolytic conditions affected the nature and the yield of products, and to discover the general relations governing oxidation and reduction when a.c. is used. Oxidation was found to predominate over reduction, owing, probably, to the relatively low hydrogen overvoltage on the electrodes. The effect of varying the conditions of a-c. electrolysis was in general similar to that observed in d-c. electrolysis. Satisfactory yields were obtained only when a product of an irreversible process was concerned. A good yield of quinhydrone from the a-c. electrolysis of hydroquinone was secured at a relatively high current density. The chlorination of acetone by the a-c. electrolysis of a solution of acetic anhydride in hydrochloric acid gave a current yield of 35% at a current density of 2 amp. per cm2.

scholarly journals ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF SILVER IN A SULPHURIC ACID SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (444) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
A. B. Baeshov ◽  
◽  
E. Zh. Tuleshova ◽  
A. K. Baeshova ◽  
M. A. Ozler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternating Current ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Silver Electrode ◽  
Half Period ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Titanium Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution

In recent years, alternating current has been widely used in various fields of chemical and electrochemical technology. When a symmetric alternating current passes through an electrochemical cell, in principle there should be no visible changes, since the product restored to the cathode half-period should be oxidized back to the anodic half-period. However, depending on the conditions of electrolysis, electrode material, etc. a purposeful course of the electrochemical process is possible. The paper shows the distinctive features of electrochemical processes occurring on a silver electrode during electrolysis by industrial alternating current in a solution of sulfuric acid by the method of rational mathematical planning. The optimal conditions for the dissolution of silver are determined by studying the effect of current density at the electrodes, the concentration and temperature of the electrolyte, the duration of the electrolysis and the frequency of the alternating current. It is shown that when polarized with an alternating current of silver in a pair with a titanium electrode, the process of passivation of the silver electrode is eliminated, and the rate of dissolution of the metal increases.

THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANE, QUINHYDRONE, AND POTASSIUM CUPRIC CYANIDE BY A-C. ELECTROLYSIS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (6) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Shipley ◽  
M. T. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
Space Time Yield

The quantitative production, of ethane, quinhydrone, and potassium cupric cyanide by a-c. electrolysis was studied in respect to conditions affecting yield. It was found that a good yield (about 90%) of quinhydrone was obtained by a-c. electrolysis, at low frequency and moderately high current density, of an aqueous solution of hydroquinone. This method of preparation has a distinct advantage in respect to space-time yield over the method of d-c. electrolysis. The current yield of potassium cupric cyanide at low current density (0.3 to 1.0 amp. per cm.2) using a.c. was in the neighbourhood of 88%. A-c. electrolysis was not found to indicate any particular advantage over d-c. electrolysis, as far as could be ascertained by comparing the ethane efficiency of the two processes.

scholarly journals The effect of superposed alternating current on the polarisable primary cell zinc-sulphuric acid-carbon. Part I.—Low frequency current

1925 ◽  
Vol 107 (741) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
High Current ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Zinc Anode

Under the title “Chemical Action that is Stimulated by Alternating Currents,” some interesting experiments were published a few years back by Brown. Briefly, he found that if an alternating current of suitable strength and of either 100 or 12,000 periods per second were passed through a primary cell of the type Zinc/Dilute Sulphuric Acid/Carbon, itself fitted up so as to discharge through a circuit of low resistance, the polarisation of the cell was destroyed and its current output materially increased. No further details are given on the experiments with 100-cycle current. Using the high frequency, however, the conclusion was come to that the increased current output was essentially the result of a changed state of affairs at the not at the carbon, electrode. Thus, when the current densities at the two electrodes were varied by altering their relative areas immersed in the electrolyte, it was found that a high alternating current density at the zinc electrode had a far greater effect in increasing the direct current output of the cell than when the high current density was employed at the carbon electrode.I In other words, a given alternating current produced a greater effect if the cell had a small zinc and a large carbon electrode than if it had a large zinc and a small carbon electrode. More conclusive was the observation that, using a small zinc and a large carbon electrode, the same effect was observed when the carbon electrode was already fully depolarised by immersion in strong nitric acid. Brown concluded that, whilst the surface of the carbon electrode only affects the results in so far as it determines the resistance of the cell, the alternating current in some manner increases the velocity of the sulphations in the neighbourhood of and towards the zinc anode, the latter being more rapidly dissolved, particularly with a small electrode and a consequently high current density.

Analysis of High-Current Yield of Diamond-Based Field Emitters

1999 ◽  
Vol 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor V. Zhimov ◽  
C. Lizzul Rinne ◽  
Gregory Wojak ◽  
John J. Hren
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimate ◽  
Natural Diamond ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Cvd Diamond ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
Diamond Coatings ◽  
Field Emitters ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
First Time

Summary:The maximum emission currents of different diamond coatings were measured and compared quantitatively for the first time. Both the maximum current and the transconductance of field emission tips can be increased significantly by diamond coatings. A strong, nearly linear, dependence of Imax, on thickness was found. The relative effectiveness of CVD diamond, natural diamond, and nanodiamond can be characterized by values of ΔImax/ΔD and ΔVth/D. A quantitative estimate of the thermal conductivity of nanodiamond gave 2.71 W/cm K.

scholarly journals ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF SILVER IN A POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (440) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A.B. Bayeshov ◽  
E.Zh. Tuleshova ◽  
A.K. Baeshova ◽  
M.A. Ozler
Keyword(s):  
Alternating Current ◽  
Silver Electrode ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Titanium Electrode ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Industrial Frequency

One of the main priorities of the innovative industrialization of the country is the development of metallurgy and the production of finished products. In this regard, the application of new methods for producing metals and their compounds or extracting them from solutions is an important task of our time. One of the promising methods applied currently is the polarization by alternating current of industrial frequency, which arouses the interest of researchers both from the point of view of oxidation and destruction of the passivating film. The peculiarity of the processes occurring under the action of industrial alternating current is that, by changing the direction of the current, it is possible to remove the oxide film and create conditions for the metal to further dissolve. The work shows the distinctive features of electrochemical processes occurring on a silver electrode during electrolysis by industrial alternating current in a solution of ferrosyne-sintered potassium by the method of rational mathematical planning. The optimal conditions for the dissolution of silver are determined by studying the effect of current density at the electrodes, the concentration and temperature of the electrolyte, the duration of the electrolysis and the frequency of the alternating current. It is shown that when polarized with an alternating current of silver in a pair with a titanium electrode, the passivation process of the silver electrode is eliminated and the dissolution rate of the metal increases. Keywords: alternating current, silver, electrode, electrolysis, closeness of current, current output.

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