DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMPACTS ON SURFACE RUNOFF, NITRATE LOSS, AND CROP YIELD ON A SOUTHERN ALLUVIAL SOIL

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Grigg ◽  
L. M Southwick ◽  
J. L. Fouss ◽  
T. S. Kornecki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nitrate Loss

scholarly journals Impacts of conservation tillage on the hydrological and agronomic performance of <i>Fanya juus</i> in the upper Blue Nile (Abbay) river basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 4725-4735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Temesgen ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
B. Simane ◽  
P. van der Zaag ◽  
Y. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Water Logging

Abstract. Adoption of soil conservation structures (SCS) has been low in high rainfall areas of Ethiopia mainly due to crop yield reduction, increased soil erosion following breaching of SCS, incompatibility with the tradition of cross plowing and water-logging behind SCS. A new type of conservation tillage (CT) involving contour plowing and the construction of invisible subsoil barriers using a modified Maresha winged "subsoiler" is suggested as a means to tackle these problems as an integral part of the SCS. We investigated the effect of integrating the CT with SCS on the surface runoff, water-logging, soil loss, crop yield and plowing convenience. The new approach of conservation tillage has been compared with traditional tillage (TT) on 5 farmers' fields in a high rainfall area in the upper Blue Nile (Abbay) river basin. Test crops were wheat [triticum vulgare] and tef [eragrostis tef]. Farmers found CT convenient to apply between SCS. Surface runoff appeared to be reduced under CT by 48 and 15%, for wheat and tef, respectively. As a result, CT reduced sediment yield by 51 and 9.5%, for wheat and tef, respectively. Significantly reduced water-logging was observed behind SCS in CT compared to TT. Grain yields of wheat and tef increased by 35 and 10%, respectively, although the differences were not statistically significant apparently due to high fertility variations among fields of participating farmers. Farmers who tested CT indicated that they will continue this practice in the future.

scholarly journals Hydrological Modeling in an Ungauged Basin of Central Vietnam Using SWAT Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Rafiei Emam ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Linh Hoang Khanh Nguyen ◽  
Tsolmon Renchin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Central Vietnam

Abstract. Hydrological modeling of ungauged basins which have a high risk of natural hazards (e.g., flooding, droughts) is always imperative for policymakers and stakeholders. The Aluoi district in Hue province is a representative case study in Central Vietnam, as it is under extreme pressure of natural and anthropogenic factors. Flooding, soil erosion and sedimentation are the main hazards in this area, which threaten socio-economic activities not only in this district but also those of the area downstream. To evaluate the water resources and risk of natural hazards, we used Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) to set up a hydrological model in the ungauged basin of Aluoi district. A regionalization approach was used to predict the river discharge at the outlet of the basin. The model was calibrated in three time scales: daily, monthly and yearly by river discharge, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and crop yield, respectively. The model was calibrated with Nash-Sutcliff and an R2 coefficients greater than 0.7, in daily and monthly scales, respectively. In the yearly scale, the crop yield inside the model was calibrated and validated with RMSE less than 2.4 ton/ha, which showed the high performance of the model. The water resource components were mapped temporally and spatially. The outcomes showed that the highest mean monthly surface runoff, 700 to 765 mm, between September and November, resulted in extreme soil erosion and sedimentation. The monthly average of actual evapotranspiration was the highest in May and lowest in December. Furthermore, installing "Best Management Practice" (BMPs) reduced surface runoff and soil erosion in agricultural lands. However, using event-based hydrological and hydraulically models in the prediction and simulation of flooding events is recommended in further studies.

Hydraulic characteristics and calculation of the innovative systems of surface runoff disposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Брянская ◽  
А.Э. Тен ◽  
Н.Т. Джумагулова ◽  
Г.Н. Громов
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Selection Of

В условиях интенсивного развития новых отечественных и зарубежных технологий, материалов и оборудования, применяемых для защиты окружающей природной среды от загрязнений техногенного происхождения, особую актуальность приобретают разработки новых систем отвода и очистки поверхностных сточных вод. Эти системы позволяют использовать последние достижения отраслевой науки и оптимизировать алгоритм выполнения операций и практических приемов их гидравлического расчета. Примером является инновационная система отвода поверхностных сточных вод АСО Qmax, которая относится к открытой системе каналов (лотков) для сбора и отведения поверхностных сточных вод, формирующихся при выпадении атмосферных осадков. Однако широкому применению данного вида конструкций в России препятствует отсутствие методики их гидравлического расчета, в том числе таблиц для подбора сечений (диаметров) каналов, которая бы удовлетворяла требованиям российской нормативно-методической базы проектирования систем отведения поверхностных сточных вод. В этой связи предметом данной статьи явилась оценка гидравлических характеристик трубопроводов, каналов (лотков) системы водоотвода АСО Qmax. Приведены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований гидравлических характеристик системы АСО Qmaxс учетом адаптации для российских условий и нормативных требований, а также обоснование рекомендуемых параметров для их использования. In the context of the intensive development of new domestic and foreign technologies, materials and equipment used to protect the environment from anthropogenic pollution, the development of advanced systems for surface runoff removal and treatment is of special actuality. These systems provide for using the latest achievements of the sectoral science and optimizing the algorithm for performing operations and practical methods for the hydraulic calculations. An example of the innovative surface runoff disposal system is ASO Qmax, that refers to an open system of channels for the collection and disposal of surface runoff formed during precipitation. However, the widespread use of these facilities in Russia is hampered by the lack of a method for the hydraulic calculations, including tables for the selection of cross-sections (diameters) of channels that meet the requirements of the Russian guidelines and regulations for the design of surface runoff disposal systems. In this regard, the subject of this paper is the estimation of the hydraulic characteristics of pipelines, channels of ASO Qmax drainage system. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the hydraulic characteristics of ASO Qmax system with account of the adaptation for the Russian conditions and regulatory requirements, as well as the justification of the recommended parameters for their use are presented.

Effect of controlled drainage and tillage on soil structure and tile drainage nitrate loss at the field scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tan ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
M. Soultani ◽  
I. J. van Wesenbeeck ◽  
H. Y. F. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Nitrate Loss ◽  
Free Drainage

Conservation tillage has become an attractive form of agricultural management practices for corn and soybean production on heavy textured soil in southern Ontario because of the potential for improving soil quality. A controlled drainage system combined with conservation tillage practices has also been reported to improve water quality. In Southwestern Ontario, field scale on farm demonstration sites were established in a paired watershed (no-tillage vs. conventional tillage) on clay loam soil to study the effect of tillage system on soil structure and water quality. The sites included controlled drainage and free drainage systems to monitor their effect on nitrate loss in the tile drainage water. Soil structure, organic matter content and water storage in the soil profile were improved with no-tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). No-tillage also increased earthworm populations. No-tillage was found to have higher tile drainage volume and nitrate loss which were attributed to an increase in soil macropores from earthworm activity. The controlled drainage system (CD) reduced nitrate loss in tile drainage water by 14% on CT site and 25.5% on NT site compared to the corresponding free drainage system (DR) from May, 1995 to April 30, 1997. No-tillage farming practices are definitely enhanced by using a controlled drainage system for preventing excessive nitrate leaching through tile drainage. Average soybean yields for CT site were about 12 to 14% greater than the NT site in 1995 and 1996. However, drainage systems had very little effect on soybean yields in 1995 and 1996 due to extremely dry growing seasons.

CLIMATE IMPACTS ON NITRATE LOSS IN DRAINAGE WATERS FROM A SOUTHERN ALLUVIAL SOIL

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Grigg ◽  
L. M. Southwick ◽  
J. L. Fouss ◽  
T. S. Kornecki
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Nitrate Loss ◽  
Drainage Waters

scholarly journals Numerical Research of Flows into Gullies with Different Outlet Locations

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita F. Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Lopes ◽  
Jorge Leandro ◽  
Luis M. David
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Numerical Research ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

Gullies are sewer inlets placed in pavements usually covered by bar grates. They are the most common linking-element used to drain a wide range of flows from surface runoff into the buried drainage system. Their hydraulic behavior and their overall hydraulic performance is dependent on the flow conditions, the gully dimension, geometry, and location of the outlet device. Herein a numerical research based on Volume Of Fluid ( V O F ) to detect the interface, and on the Shear Stress Transport S S T k - ω turbulence model was conducted to study the importance of the outlet location and characterize flows through them in drainage conditions. Results provided detailed information about flow features, discharge coefficients, and efficiencies for different outlet locations. The authors identified three different regimes, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , and concluded that the outlet location influences the velocity field along the gully, the discharge coefficient, and the drainage efficiency. This allows for the estimation of uncertainty and its variation for different outlet positions.

scholarly journals Modeling the impacts of agricultural best management practices on runoff, sediment, and crop yield in an agriculture-pasture intensive watershed

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7093
Author(s):  
Solmaz Rasoulzadeh Gharibdousti ◽  
Gehendra Kharel ◽  
Arthur Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Best Management ◽  
No Till ◽  
Runoff Sediment

Best management practices (BMPs) are commonly used to reduce sediment loadings. In this study, we modeled the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed located in southwestern Oklahoma, USA using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and evaluated the impacts of five agricultural BMP scenarios on surface runoff, sediment yield, and crop yield. The hydrological model, with 43 sub-basins and 15,217 hydrological response units, was calibrated (1991–2000) and validated (2001–2010) against the monthly observations of streamflow, sediment grab samples, and crop-yields. The coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) and percentage bias (PB) were used to determine model performance with satisfactory values of R2 (0.64 and 0.79) and NS (0.61 and 0.62) in the calibration and validation period respectively for streamflow. We found that contouring practice reduced surface runoff by more than 18% in both conservation tillage and no-till practices for all crops used in this modeling study. In addition, contour farming with either conservation tillage or no-till practice reduced sediment yield by almost half. Compared to the conservation tillage practice, no-till practice decreased sediment yield by 25.3% and 9.0% for cotton and grain sorghum, respectively. Using wheat as cover crop for grain sorghum generated the lowest runoff followed by its rotation with canola and cotton regardless of contouring. Converting all the crops in the watershed into Bermuda grass resulted in significant reduction in sediment yield (72.5–96.3%) and surface runoff (6.8–38.5%). The model can be used to provide useful information for stakeholders to prioritize ecologically sound and feasible BMPs at fields that are capable of reducing sediment yield while increasing crop yield.

scholarly journals Impact of Drainage Water Management on Crop Yield, Drainage Volume, and Nitrate Loss

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Helmers ◽  
Carl Pederson ◽  
Kristina TeBockhorst ◽  
Greg Brenneman ◽  
Myron Rees
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Drainage Volume ◽  
Nitrate Loss ◽  
Drainage Water Management

Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer sources and placement methods in maize (Zea mays L.) using labelled fertilizers

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
V. D. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
N. S. Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

SUMMARYThe influence of various nitrogen and phosphorus sources, applied at the preseeding stage with two placement methods, on maize yield and fertilizer utilization, was studied in two field experiments and a pot experiment with a calcareous, heavy to medium heavy textured recent alluvial soil.Phosphorus alone had no effect on crop yield. Nitrogen alone or nitrogen (various forms) and phosphorus had a clear positive effect on crop yield. As to the various sources the observed differences in the crop yield of the field experiments were not significant, while in the pot experiment ammonium sulphate gave the highest yields.The data on the phosphate concentrations in the tops derived from phosphate fertilizer (Pf) indicate that the presence of nitrogen increased the utilization of phosphorus fertilizer. From the tested placement methods the incorporation method appears clearly superior in the pot experiment with a similar trend in the field experiment for all sources except ammonium phosphate-sulphate.The utilization coefficients of the nitrogen fertilizer sources suggest that ammonium and urea were better utilized than nitrates, that the higher nitrogen utilization reflected higher yields and that phosphorus fertilizer exerted a beneficial effect on nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Finally they suggest that the addition of 120 kg N/ha enhanced the amount of soil nitrogen taken up in the maize grain by 53%.

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