scholarly journals A review of the ecological effects of European Common Reed (Phragmites australis) on fishes and fish habitat in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emillie Elizabeth Rose
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Native Fishes

The invasive European Common Reed (Phragmites australis), first established in North America in the early 1900’s, is now a dominant emergent aquatic plant in many coastal and inland wetlands. A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the extent of ecological impacts on fishes and their habitat, such as changes in the composition and abundance of native fishes and wetland plants, and alterations to water availability and substrate. The review indicated that a reduction in the abundance of native fishes was common (54.54% of studies), as were impacts to fish habitat (e.g., 54.54% of studies documented a change in wetland plant composition). Many studies were conducted in the eastern and northern United States, which showed that the abundance of juvenile and larval fishes was significantly lower in marshes dominated by P. australis, relative to those dominated by native plant species (Spartina alterniflora); however, changes to wetland plant abundance and composition, water availability, water temperature, nutrient cycling, substrate, reproduction and spawning, genetics of native fishes, and general food web effects were also observed. These results indicate that P. australis poses numerous ecological impacts to the structure and function of wetland habitats, with implications for the ongoing productivity of aquatic ecosystems. 

Does the Common Reed, Phragmites australis, Affect Essential Fish Habitat?

Estuaries ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Weinstein ◽  
John H. Balletto
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Essential Fish Habitat ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Introduced bees ( Osmia cornifrons ) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Vaudo ◽  
David J. Biddinger ◽  
Wiebke Sickel ◽  
Alexander Keller ◽  
Margarita M. López-Uribe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Host Plant Species

Studying the pollen preferences of introduced bees allows us to investigate how species use host-plants when establishing in new environments. Osmia cornifrons is a solitary bee introduced into North America from East Asia for pollination of Rosaceae crops such as apples and cherries. We investigated whether O. cornifrons (i) more frequently collected pollen from host-plant species they coevolved with from their geographic origin, or (ii) prefer host-plant species of specific plant taxa independent of origin. To address this question, using pollen metabarcoding, we examined the identity and relative abundance of pollen in larval provisions from nests located in different landscapes with varying abundance of East-Asian and non-Asian plant species. Our results show that O. cornifrons collected more pollen from plant species from their native range. Plants in the family Rosaceae were their most preferred pollen hosts, but they differentially collected species native to East Asia, Europe, or North America depending on the landscape. Our results suggest that while O. cornifrons frequently collect pollen of East-Asian origin, the collection of pollen from novel species within their phylogenetic familial affinities is common and can facilitate pollinator establishment. This phylogenetic preference highlights the effectiveness of O. cornifrons as crop pollinators of a variety of Rosaceae crops from different geographic origins. Our results imply that globalization of non-native plant species may ease the naturalization of their coevolved pollinators outside of their native range.

scholarly journals Native Plant Recovery following Three Years of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Zimmerman ◽  
Rebecca R. Shirer ◽  
Jeffrey D. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Native Plant Community

AbstractProjects that aim to control invasive species often assume that a reduction of the target species will increase native species abundance. However, reports of the responses of native species following exotic species control are relatively rare. We assessed the recovery of the native community in five tidal wetland locations in which we attempted to eradicate the invasive common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.]. We tested whether 3 yr of treatment were able to eradicate Phragmites and promote recovery of the native plant community. After 3 yr of treatment, Phragmites density declined sharply in all treated stands, though it was not eradicated in any of them. Native plant cover increased significantly in treated areas, and community composition, particularly in smaller stands, converged toward that of uninvaded habitat. Thus, even within the relatively short timescale of the treatments and monitoring, significant progress was made toward achieving the goals of controlling Phragmites infestations and promoting native biodiversity. There was a trend toward greater promise for success in smaller stands than larger stands, as has been observed in other studies. A greater emphasis on monitoring whole-community responses to exotic plant control, across a range of conditions, would enhance our ability to plan and design successful management strategies.

Managing Remnant and Reemerging Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Infestations to Improve Treatment Efficacy and Mitigate Damage to Native Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Breen ◽  
Stephen D. Bailey ◽  
Helen A. Violi
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Litter Removal ◽  
Mechanical Cutting ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Assateague Island ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractFollowing large-scale herbicide spraying and burning on Assateague Island, a barrier bar island located in Maryland and Virginia, the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis) was largely reduced from vast monocultures to less dense patches interspersed within maritime shrublands. To improve the control of these remnant/reemerging infestations and limit further nontarget damage, we tested three new treatments: mechanical cutting followed by dripping imazapyr onto stems, cutting followed 2 wk later by the foliar spraying of regrowth, and simple cutting with and without the removal of Phragmites litter. All herbicide treatments and cutting paired with litter removal significantly reduced Phragmites coverage (P ≤ 0.01) when compared with untreated controls. Native plant coverage was significantly greater after the cut-stem treatment than after traditional foliar spraying (P ≤ 0.01) because of the former's reduced herbicide use and more direct contact limited to Phragmites stems; native coverage was also greater after litter removal than when litter remained (P ≤ 0.001). Cutting followed by stem applications of herbicide is an effective means of treating scattered common reed stands in sensitive habitats, and litter removal after cutting can provide native vegetation with an advantage at recolonization.

A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on florets of the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis) and its effects on seed production

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E. Ahee ◽  
Bradley J. Sinclair ◽  
Marcel E. Dorken
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of gall midge, Stenodiplosis phragmicola Sinclair and Ahee (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described. The host plant, Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel (Poaceae), is a tall, widely distributed emergent aquatic macrophyte. An introduced subspecies of the plant is considered invasive in North America (although a native subspecies also occurs). Insect specimens were collected during September 2010 and 2011 from the florets of common reed at 12 sites around Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Preliminary data on ecological interactions between the plant and the insect are presented. Out of 2400 florets sampled, 9.5% were host to larvae of S. phragmicola. Three sites had much higher rates of infestation, with between 20% and 30% florets, and up to 100% of sampled shoots containing fly larvae. The largest stands in the sample all hosted fly populations and there was a positive association between the reproductive output of P. australis stands (measured as the average inflorescence mass per stand) and the proportion of shoots per stand containing larvae. The occurrence of S. phragmicola on the native subspecies of P. australis is also documented. Insects that consume reproductive structures of the common reed have not previously been reported from the plant's introduced range in North America.

Bidens frondosa (beggarticks).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Popay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Bidens Frondosa ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Temperate Climates

Abstract B. frondosa is a herbaceous annual native to North America. It has been introduced widely in Europe and to other parts of the world and is mostly found in temperate climates. The majority of introductions into new countries are intentional, due to the medicinal, herbal and decorative properties ascribed to the species. However, seeds can be accidentally dispersed into new areas as they can adhere firmly to animal fibres such as wool. In Europe B. frondosa has been reported to out compete and interbreed with native plant species in particular those of the same genus. B. frondosa is classified as an environmental weed in New Zealand.

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