scholarly journals Changes in homestead biodiversity with modernization in the rural areas of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Baten ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SM Afroz ◽  
K Naher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

A study was carried out at selected villages in Gazipur district of Bangladesh during 2008- 2009 with a view to assess the changes in homestead biodiversity with degree of modernization in the rural areas. Three villages were selected purposively considering their degree of modernization e.g. traditional, semi-modern and modern village and biodiversity at 40 randomly selected homesteads from each of the three villages were studied. Species richness, interspecies diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index) and species evenness were considered for measuring the biodiversity. A total of 188 plant species belonging to 75 different families were identified in the homesteads of three study villages. The highest proportion (11%) of species found under the family Gramineae followed by Cucurbitaceae (6%), Compositae (5%), Solanaceae (5%), Leguminosae (4%), Amaranthaceae (4%), Rutaceae (3%), Euphorbiaceae (3%), Convolvulaceae (3%), and Cyperaceae (3%) and so on. Among the 188 plant species, 15% fruits species, 9% timber, 11% ornamental and medicinal, 14% vegetables, 4% spices and 47% weed species. The highest number (172) of species was found in traditional village and the lowest (126) in the modern village. Diversity index (H) value for traditional village (1.652) was statistically similar to semi-modern village (1.373) but significantly higher (t = 2.47*) than that of modern village (1.029). So, it can be said that plant biodiversity is decreasing with increase in modernization and/or urbanization. The diversity (H) decreased with decrease in farm size, in other words, species diversity increased with increase in farm size but there was no significant difference among the farm categories in this regard. The total evenness values against the three villages (0.741, 0.630 and 0.491 in Bhawal Gazipur, Hatiyabo and Mariali, respectively) indicate that the abundance of different species was very dissimilar and decreased with increase in modernization.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 32-37, June, 2017

scholarly journals Factors affecting plant biodiversity in the homesteads of rural areas under process of modernization in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Baten ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SM Afroz ◽  
K Naher
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out at selected villages in Gazipur district of Bangladesh during 2008- 2009 to assess the changes in biodiversity of rural homesteads with modernization and factors affecting the biodiversity. Three villages were selected purposively considering their degree of modernization e.g. traditional, semi-modern and modern village and biodiversity at 40 randomly selected homesteads from each of the three villages were studied. Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H) value for traditional village (1.652) was statistically similar to semi-modern village (1.373) but significantly higher (t = 2.47*) than that of modern village (1.029). It indicates that plant biodiversity is decreasing significantly with modernization and/or urbanization. For assessing factors affecting biodiversity in the homesteads, a total of 26 factors were considered of them 15 factors had significant relationship with biodiversity. Factors like, family size, establishment of homestead, agricultural knowledge, nutritional knowledge, primary health care knowledge, environmental awareness, innovativeness, homestead area, income from homestead, savings, access to credit, disturbance of theft and predators, and utilization of modern agro-technologies had significant positive relationship; while ‘fragmentation of homestead’ and ‘sanitation’ had significantly negative relationship with homestead biodiversity. Linear multiple regression analysis showed that eight factors such as, agricultural knowledge, nutritional knowledge, environmental awareness, homestead area, income from homestead, innovativeness, homestead fragmentation and sanitation had significant contribution to homestead biodiversity. These eight significant factors explained 75.2 percent (adjusted R2 = 0.752) of the total variation in the homestead biodiversity. However, stepwise regression analysis revealed that ‘homestead area’ had the largest possible contribution (55.7%) to variation in the homestead biodiversity, followed in descending order by agricultural knowledge (9.5%), income from homestead (5.0%), environmental awareness (2.9%), sanitation (2.3%), nutritional knowledge (1.6%), innovativeness (1.0%) and fragmentation of the homestead (1.0%).Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 44-54, June, 2018

scholarly journals Feeding Preference and Habitat Association of Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) in Nechisar National Park, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gatriay Tut Deng ◽  
Birtukan Tsegaye Demisse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated feeding preference and habitat association of waterbucks in Nechisar National Park from November 2016 to August 2017 by total count and direct observation methods. From this survey, 20 plant species were observed to be the food items consumed by waterbucks. Waterbucks were mostly grazers than browser. The plant species consumed by waterbucks was highly significant between seasons (χ2 = 121.34, df = 1, p < 0.05 ). Out of 20 total plant species consumed, annual grass (11.5%), Leersia virginica (8.4%), and Cynodon dactylon (8.4%) were the most frequently consumed food items, but Tamarindus indica (2.9%), Balanites aegyptica (3.3%), and Acacia polycantha (2.36%) were the least consumed food items. There was significant difference between plant species consumed during both seasons (χ2 = 177.67, df = 19, p < 0.05 ). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index result revealed that there were different varieties of food items for waterbucks in dry season (H’ = 2.9) than in wet season (H’ = 2.6). Young leaves comprised the largest proportion of plant parts consumed by waterbucks compared to others. There was a highly significant difference in feeding plant parts in both seasons (χ2 = 88.5, df = 7, p < 0.05 ). Waterbucks spent more time on feeding in the morning and late afternoon during both seasons. The total number of waterbucks in each habitat varied due to food availability in different seasons. Different conservation measures should be taken against waterbuck reduction and create appropriate environment for waterbuck.

scholarly journals Effects of Ecological Restoration Using Non-Native Mangrove Kandelia obovata to Replace Invasive Spartina alterniflora on Intertidal Macrobenthos Community in Maoyan Island (Zhejiang, China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Qiuxuan Wang ◽  
Carlos Duarte ◽  
Li Song ◽  
George Christakos ◽  
Susana Agusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Average Biomass

Spartina alterniflora has extensively invaded the coastline of China, including in Maoyan Island of Zhejiang Province. Ecological restoration has been conducted using non-native mangrove Kandelia obovata to replace S. alterniflora in an attempt to restore the impacted intertidal zones. To illustrate the ecological effectiveness of the restoration projects, macrobenthos communities were studied among different habitats within the restored areas, including one non-restored S. alterniflora marsh (SA) and three differently-aged restored K. obovata stands planted in 2003, 2009, and 2011 respectively (KF14, KF8, and KF6). Besides, one unvegetated mudflat (MF) adjacent to the non-restored S. alterniflora marsh and one K. obovata forest transplanted in 2006 (RKF) at a previously barren mudflat without invasion history of S. alterniflora were set as reference sites. A total of 69 species of macrobenthos were collected from Maoyan Island, and the species richness was dominated by gastropoda (23 species), polychaeta (18 species), and malacostraca (16 species). There was no significant difference between the six sites in terms of the abundance of macrobenthos, with the average values of abundance peaking in KF6 (734.7 ind m−2) and being lowest in RKF (341.3 ind m−2). The six sites had significant differences in terms of the biomass of macrobenthos. The KF8 site contained the highest average biomass (168.3 g m−2), whereas the MF site had the lowest (54.3 g m−2). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index of the macrobenthos did not exhibit significant differences among the six sites. However, the results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial differences in the macrobenthos community structure between the sites. Since KF14 shared a similar macrobenthos community structure with RKF, while representing a strikingly different structure from SA, we infer that ecological restoration using K. obovata can restore the macrobenthos community to resemble to a normally planted K. obovata forest about 15 years after restoration.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

Diversity of Mangrove Plant for Support Ecotourism Activities in Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
I Ketut GINANTRA ◽  
Ida Bagus Made SUASKARA ◽  
Martin JONI
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Zonation

This study aims to identify the species of mangrove constituents and determine the zonation of the growing community of mangrove plants from the seaward to the landward zone, of the Nature Conservation Forum (NCF) Putri Menjangan coastal Pejarakan village Buleleng from July to October 2017. Identification of mangrove plant species based on the following characteristics: habitus, root type, fruit shape, inflorescence, leaf shape and leaf arangement. Zoning of mangrove grown is determined from vegetation analysis conducted in 3 zones (front zone, middle zone and back zone) with quadrat method, the area of each square is 20 m x 20 m. Parameters specified in each kwadrat are the density, dominance and frequency of presence of each species. Zoning of mangrove community is determined based on the important value of mangrove plant species. The diversity of the mangrove community is calculated by the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index. The results of the study identified 13 species of true mangrove plants (mangrove) and 14 mangrove mangrove associates. The dominant species are Sonneratia alba (important value / iv is 98.19), Lumnitzera racemosa (iv. is 40.75), Rhizophora apiculata (iv.is 35.53), Rhizophora mucronata (iv. 33.02), Ceriops decandra (iv.23.61) and Avicennia marina (iv. 22.22). The diversity index of mangrove species (H) is 2.07, then it is considered good. The pattern of growing mangrove plants in coastal Pejarakan Buleleng, in general follow the natural pattern of mangrove zonation. Typical characteristics and patterns of growing mangrove zonation become interesting attractions and reference for mangrove area managers in ecotourism development and efforts to conserve mangrove forests.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Kemerataan Spesies Anggota Ordo Anura di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi Tahun 2012

Biosfera ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Donan Satria Yudha ◽  
Yonathan Yonathan ◽  
Rury Eprilurahman ◽  
Septiana Indriawan ◽  
Eka Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Index

Merapi volcano as one of national park is an ecotourism site which is very potential to visit. Information about species diversity for a national park is very important especially if its area fluctuated susceptibly. Two years after 2010 Merapi eruption, there are no research about species diversity and evenness of Anuran in that place. The research is carried out during June-November 2012 which is dry season. The objective of this research is to study the species diversity and evenness of Anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi. The research is carried out in 6 locations; those are Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, Petak Pitu, Bukit Turgo, and Bukit Plawangan. We used Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method combined with transect in Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, and Petak Pitu. VES method combined with time search in Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo. VES method combined with track exploration in Bukit Plawangan. Species diversity is analyzed with Shanon-Wiener diversity index. Species evenness is analyzed with Pielou evenness index. Total individuals each species is counted to know species abundance. Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is consisted of 12 species’ which is distributed in 6 locations. The highest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Bukit Turgo (H’=1.31; E=0.94). The lowest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Petak Pitu (H’=0.49; E=0.3). Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is low (Bukit Turgo and Kali Kuning) and very low (Bukit Plawangan, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, and Petak Pitu). Species evenness of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is stable (Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo), still labil (Bukit Plawangan, Kali Kuning, and Telogo Muncar), and oppressed (Petak Pitu).

scholarly journals The parasitism of Ixodes luciae (Acari: Ixodidae) on marsupials and rodents in Peruvian Amazon

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Mónica Díaz ◽  
Santiago Nava ◽  
Alberto Alejandro Guglielmone
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tick Distribution

In this work the infestation with I. luciae on Didelphimorphia and Rodentia in different environments of Peruvian Amazon was studied. Didelphimorphia was represented by the family Didelphidae. Specimens belonging to Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops sp.2, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander andersoni and Philander opossum were infested with adults I. luciae and one Micoureus sp. was infested with larvae. In Rodentia, the infestation with I. luciae nymphs was restricted to Hylaeamys perenensis, Hylaeamys yunganus and Oligoryzomys microtis, while one Oecomys bicolor (all Cricetidae) was infested with larvae of this species. The few larvae were found on rodents captured in primary forest. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) in prevalence of adult ticks on Didelphimorphia was between P. andersoni and M. nudicaudatus (chi-square distribution). Adult tick distribution was significant different in P. andersoni in comparison with M. nudicaudatus, P. opossum and D. marsupialis (Kruskal-Wallis test). No significant effect of month or environment was detected in relation to adult tick infestation on Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of nymphal infestation as well as tick distribution showed that H. perenensis and H. yunganus were significantly more prone to be infested with nymphs of I. luciae than O. microtis. Prevalence of nymph infestation was higher in primary and secondary forest than rural areas while abundance was higher in secondary forest when compared with rural areas (P < 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences (P < 0.05) for nymphal infestation during December in relation to January, March, April and June. The natural cycle of I. luciae appeared to be continuous, bound to adult tick infestation on Philander and nymphal infestation on Hylaeamys in forested environs.

scholarly journals Orthopteran diversity at Keraniganj, Dhaka

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Aktar ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Md Abdul Alim
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index ◽  
Orthopteran Species ◽  
Observation Period

This study was conducted to assess the divesity of Orthopteran species at some grasslands and crop fields of Keranigonj upazila in Dhaka district, Bangladesh from April, 2014 to September, 2014. A total of 20 species under 18 genera belonging to 7 families have been recorded. Among them 4 species were more common, 6 species were moderately distributed and 10 species documented as rare. The highest number of Orthopterans was from the family Acrididae 60.58% (10 spp.) followed by Tetrigidae 15.32% (2 spp.), Gryllidae 14.23% (4 spp.), Tettigonidae 10.33% (1 sp.), Locustidae 2.55% (1 sp.), Mantidae 2.55% ( 1 sp.), and the lowest from the family Gryllotalpidae 2.19% (1 sp.). During observation period the number of Orthopterans was highest recorded in the month of May (20.44%) followed by April (19.34%), June (17.52%), July (14.60%), August (14.23%), and the lowest in September (13.87%). Shannon’s diversity index and Simpson’s diversity index represent moderate value (H = 2.82) and moderately low value (λ = 0.07), respectively indicating moderate diversity richness for Orthopteran species. The value of species evenness (E = 0.94) tends to be higher indicating that the species are eventually distributed.Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(1): 21-31, 2018

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Understory Between Exotic Monoculture Plantation (Acacia Sp.) and Adjacent Natural Sal (Shorea Robusta) Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tauhidor Rahaman ◽  
D. B. Gurung ◽  
Md. Najmus Sayadat Pitol
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Monoculture Plantation ◽  
Sal Forest ◽  
Herb Species

To achieve forest management goal it is important to maintain biodiversity. This paper compares understory plant species diversity between exotic monoculture plantation (Acacia auriculiformis) and adjacent natural sal (Shorea robusta) forest. A total of 35 sample plots were taken by random sampling from six patches of adjacent natural sal forest and exotic monoculture plantation. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species richness and evenness were calculated and compared. Result revealed that, a total of 2,218 plants of 42 species were recorded in natural sal (Shorea robusta) forest. Dominant families were Apocynaceae and Verbanaceae, having three species in each family. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.1 and mean species richness was 14.4. On the contrary, 2,827 plants were found from 15 species in exotic monoculture (Acacia auriculiformis) plantation study area. Dominant family was Leguminosae family. Three species were found under Leguminosae family. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.86 and mean species richness was 4.47. Therefore, Shannon diversity index and richness were significantly higher in natural sal forest as compared to exotic monoculture plantation. Species evenness of natural sal forest was 0.8 and 0.6 for monoculture plantation which indicates less equitable distribution of understory vegetation in monoculture than adjacent natural sal forest. With regard to herb species, evenness was significantly lower in monoculture plantation (0.03) as compared to natural sal forest (0.52). There was no equitable distribution for the herb species under monoculture plantation. Jaccard’s similarity index showed that 36% shrub species and 30% of herb species were same in exotic monoculture plantation area and adjacent natural sal forest.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Agricultural biodiversity and economic productivity of the yards in Arguni Bawah, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1026
Author(s):  
ALFRED ALFONSO ANTOH ◽  
NURHAYATI HS ARIFIN ◽  
M A CHOZIN ◽  
HADI SUSILO ARIFIN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Agricultural Biodiversity ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Functional Types Of Plants ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Antoh AA, Arifin NHS, Chozin MA, Arifin HS. 2019. Agricultural biodiversity and economic productivity of the yards in Arguni Bawah, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1020-1026. Papua Island, Indonesia has abundance of agricultural biological resources. This is reflected in a variety of agricultural products in different parts of the area and in the use of yards, which is not fully utilized. This study was aimed at mapping the agricultural biodiversity of the yards, as well as measuring their economic productivity. The study area was Arguni Bawah Sub-district, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia, and the study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. The average number of plant species recorded from yards were 13, number of individuals being 72 in an average yard size of 696 m2. The smallest yard was 231 m2 with only three species and 4 individuals. The maximum number of species found were 26 with 267 individuals. The maximum size of yards studied was 3,000 m2. There are five functional types of plants with high density and SDR, there are the species producing starch (taro and banana), vegetables (gedi and spinach), fruits (banana) and ornamentals, among others. The Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H´) ranged from 1.8 to 2.5, indicating that the biodiversity of plant species in the yards may be interpreted as abundant or moderate. The evaluation of economic productivity showed that average cash income received by households from yards was Rp.7,693,000.

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