scholarly journals Ein Beitrag zur Partikelanalyse - Beispiel: doch

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Graefen
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Word Classification ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Short Explanation ◽  
Morphologische Merkmale

Der deutsche Ausdruck doch dient als Beispiel, an dem Probleme der Wortart-Klassifikation verdeutlicht werden, die besonders die Ausdr*cke ohne lexikalische Bedeutung und ohne morphologische Merkmale betreffen. Die Partikel doch wird meist zumindest als Konjunktion, Adverb und Modalpartikel eingestuft, einige weitere Wortklassen werden diskutiert. Die aktuellen Tendenzen, solche Partikeln aufzuspalten und dadurch ihre Einheit zu zerstören, werden kritisiert. Ich gebe eine kurze Erklärung der grundlegenden Funktion von doch und zeige an authentischen Daten, wie konkrete Verwendungsfälle auch ohne Wortartzuweisung verstanden werden können. Darüber hinaus empfehle ich, auch Sprachlernern den Umgang mit abstrakten Grundbedeutungen der Partikeln zu vermitteln. The German expression doch serves as an example of the problems in word classification, specifically for words without lexical meaning(s) and without morphological features. The particle is commonly treated at least as a conjunction, an adverb, and a modal particle. Some other word classes are discussed. Recent tendencies to split up particles like doch and to thereby destroy their unity are criticised. I will present a short explanation of the basic function of doch and show how to interpret different applications of the word, using authentic examples. In addition, I recommend that one not confuse language learners by telling them to distinguish different word classes, but to show them how to work with abstract semantic functions.

The Paradox of Theory and Practice: The Case of Auxiliaries in Arabic

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Aziza Saleh Alzabidi
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Word Classification ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Word Function

Reviewing most traditional linguistics and grammar books about Arabic shows clear controversy over auxiliaries. There are indications of the use of verbs and particles which fulfill the function of auxiliaries, but they are not recognized as being such. They are classified under different word classes other than auxiliaries. Hence, there have been many recent attempts to validate the argument of the availability of auxiliaries in Arabic by researchers who signify their uses in rich corpora. Yet, many curriculum development committees prescribe textbooks which show no interest in investing the rational results of these attempts. These textbooks do not give word function the required consideration when discussing rules and generalizations. Modern linguists and textbooks designers should find a new perspective of word classification to facilitate the study and the practice in certain fields like translation, contrastive linguistics and error analysis. The nonalignment of linguistic theory and what is actually done in practice is one of the major causes of the errors in composition and translation between Arabic and English. The problem becomes more complicated when instructors have incomplete information or false beliefs via which they deepen the gap between theory and practice rather than bridging it. There is a need to assist learners and translation trainees with reliable training to master linguistic analysis and to select the best equivalents accurately and promptly which they need for successful career. 

scholarly journals Morphological Peculiarities of Lexical Units of English Origin in Contemporary Russian Slang: Dictionary and Corpus Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-651
Author(s):  
Marta Lacková
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper deals with lexical units of English origin that have penetrated into contemporary Russian slang with the emphasis on their morphological features. The spread of these words in the Russian language provides a scientist with a linguistically challenging material since the English and Russian languages represent typologically diverse language systems. To begin with, the research focuses on the ratio of individual word classes within the studied material together with the representation of individual grammatical genders throughout. As nouns represent the most numerous group of the adapted lexemes, the main emphasis is put on their morphological adaptation into the Russian language, and at the same time, their most common morphological features are listed. The following traits belong to the marginal ones from the point of view of word classes: an Anglicism may be a component of several word classes and the here-studied Anglicisms only exceptionally do not keep their original categorial meanings. Additionally, they display differences in onomasiological categories across the studied field. Morphological features of Anglicisms in Russian slang are the combination of Russian and English morphological aspects of individual word classes. Furthermore, words borrowed from English acquire grammatical categories typical of their corresponding counterparts in the Russian language. As a final point, most Anglicisms in the Russian slang undergo conjugation and declination processes (98,5% of instances). The possible utilization of the research is noticeable in the areas of comparative and corpus linguistics and translatology when searching for equivalents of words in typologically different languages. What is more, its results are applicable in the methodology of teaching foreign languages. The whole linguistic material is investigated in the framework of the online dictionary of slang and the text corpus Russian Web 2011 (ruTenTen11) with the help of the search tool Sketch Engine. To reveal the complex sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic functioning of the Anglicisms in contemporary Russian slang, further research needs to be conducted.

Application of Neural Networks for Automatically Detecting Verbal Accents

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Barte`nev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Data Array ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Word Classification ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Two Stages

The problem of automatically detecting verbal accents is solved. Word classes with one and two non-transitive accents, with transitive accents, and without accents are identified. An accent is determined in words in which it is not transitive. Words are grouped by the number of syllables. Each group is divided into word classes with the same numbers of accented syllables. Thus, the accents determination problem solved by means of neural networks boils down to word classification. The data array (training and test sets) is formed from A.A. Zaliznyak's Russian language grammatical dictionary, which contains word forms with placed accents. A word model comprises a list of syllables. In the data array, syllables are replaced by their numerical codes, for which syllable dictionaries are compiled. The numerical code of a syllable is its number in the syllable dictionary. The accents are searched in two stages. First, it is found out whether the word has non-transitive accents, and if yes, the word is transferred to the neural network that determines the accents. All neural networks designed in this study contain an Embedding layer which translates scalar representations of word syllables into vector ones. At its input, the neural network receives a vector with the numerical codes of word syllables, and at the output it yields the word class number, which in the case of one non-transitive accent coincides with the number of the accented syllable, and in the case of two non-transitive accents indicates the numbers of two accented syllables. The probabilities of correctly determining one and two non-transitive accents are estimated at 0.9474 and 0.9759, respectively.

Lost in Between: the Case of Russian Heritage Speakers

2008 ◽  
Vol Volume 6 (6.1 (Spring, 2008)) ◽  
pp. 72-104
Author(s):  
Ludmila Isurin ◽  
Tanya Ivanova-Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Growing Population

The present paper looks at the growing population of Russian heritage speakers from a linguistic and psycholinguistic perspective. The study attempts to clarify further the notion of heritage language by comparing the linguistic performance of heritage speakers with that of monolinguals and second language learners. The amount of exposure to L1/L2, the age at which immigration to the U.S. occurred, degree of literacy in Russian, and metalinguistic awareness were among the sociolinguistic factors considered in the present study. The qualitative in-group and cross-group analyses revealed syntactic and morphological features that characterize Russian as a heritage language. The performance of heritage speakers on the narrative task differed from that of Russian monolinguals and American learners of Russian.

scholarly journals Zur Klassifikation der Wortarten im Koreanischen

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Word Classes

SummaryThe present paper deals with a classification of the parts of speech of the Korean language giving priority to syntactico-functional and distributional criteria, which is considered as useful for the purpose of foreign language teaching. Primary syntactic functions of the different word classes have been determined and the question of conversion (change of parts of speech) as well as entering of equivocal (homonymous) words or word forms, both of the same origin, into different word classes according to their different syntactic features has been discussed. Furthermore, correlations between syntactically defined word classes and their morphological features have been specified.As first step, lexical items have been divided into word classes having sentence value and not having sentence value, respectively.As second step, word classes lacking sentence value have been divided into those capable of functioning as an independent member of sentence and those functioning mainly adjunctionally as constituent of a member of sentence, the former as to their primary or prevailing syntactic functions (i.o. predicates, „actants“, „circonstants“) being subdivided into verbs, nouns and adverbs, respectively, and the latter consisting in adjectives (modifiers).Word classes endowed with sentence value consist of interjections and modal words.

scholarly journals The Ancient Greek adjective: semantic and grammatical features

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Genus Number

The article reveals the essence of an Ancient Greek adjective as a separate part of speech. Thus, the substantive nature of an adjective was examined, including the historical process of its separation as an independent part of speech, with a consequent emphasis on the inseparability of adjectives and nouns by external signs in Ancient Greek. The analysis of the Greek adjectives was made on the grounds of their semantics, morphological features, syntactic functions. The semantic analysis was based on the studying of such concepts as the categorial, word-building and lexical meaning. The categorial meaning is the attribution of an adjective. The smaller semantic-grammatical groups (qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives) were learnt with regard to word formation and lexical motivation. Word-building and lexical meanings were studied basing on the division of adjectives into primary units and derivatives. The meaning of a derivative is interpreted both: due to the analysis of its structure (paying a special attention to the compound units, which are mainly formed on the basis of word combinations), and due as to the relation (strong, weak, metaphorical) of the general meaning of a derivative with the meaning of its components. The word-formation meaning of such units, therefore, is syntagmatic. Their lexical semantics depend also on the context. The basic morphological categories of genus, number and case of a Greek adjective simultaneously indicates its semantic dependence on a noun. The category of degrees of comparison was analyzed on terms of morphological means and such syntactic features as left/right-side valence. The main primary (an attribute) and the secondary (as a predicative) syntactic adjective functions are equally realized in preposition or postposition to the noun in Ancient Greek.

scholarly journals Automated Writing Support for Swedish Learners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Getman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Word Sequence ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Automated Feedback ◽  
Swedish Text

This paper describes a tool developed for lexical and grammatical analysis of Swedish text and providing automated feedback for language learners. The system looks for words and word sequences that are likely to contain errors and suggests how to correct them using different non-neural models. The feedback consists of alternative word and word sequence suggestions and morphological features which need to be corrected. Although the system is able to provide reasonable feedback which is believed to be useful for language learners, it still needs further improvements to address the drawbacks such as low precision.

scholarly journals Lost in Between: The Case of Russian Heritage Speakers

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-103
Author(s):  
Ludmila Isurin ◽  
Tanya Ivanova-Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Growing Population

The present paper looks at the growing population of Russian heritage speakers from a linguistic and psycholinguistic perspective. The study attempts to clarify further the notion of heritage language by comparing the linguistic performance of heritage speakers with that of monolinguals and second language learners. The amount of exposure to L1/L2, the age at which immigration to the U.S. occurred, degree of literacy in Russian, and metalinguistic awareness were among the sociolinguistic factors considered in the present study. The qualitative in-group and cross-group analyses revealed syntactic and morphological features that characterize Russian as a heritage language. The performance of heritage speakers on the narrative task differed from that of Russian monolinguals and American learners of Russian.

scholarly journals KAJIAN SEMANTIK NAMA JULUKAN ORANG DI DESA MULYOAGUNG KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Suci Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Word Classes

ABSTRAK: Kajian semantik adalah kajian yang berperan menyelidiki makna dan arti dalam suatu bahasa pada umumnya. Penamaan adalah proses pelabelan terhadap suatu benda, orang, atau peristiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk nama julukan orang dan (2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa aspek semantik meliputi bentuk, makna leksikal, serta faktor yang melatarbelakangi pembentukan nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu simak dan catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa (1) bentuk-bentuk nama julukan orang didasarkan pada jumlah kata, kelas kata, serta sumber bahasa dan (2) faktor yang melatarbelakangi nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang terdiri atas pemendekan, peniruan bunyi, dan sifat khas.Kata Kunci: Nama julukan; penamaan; semantik> NICKNAMES OF PEOPLE IN DERMO MULYOAGUNG DAU DISTRICT MALANG REGENCY (STUDY OF SEMANTIC) ABSTRACT: Semantic is a study that has the role of investigating the meaning and meaning in a language in general. Naming is the process of labeling an object, person or event. This study aims to (1) describe the forms of people's nicknames and (2) describe the factors behind people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. This type of research is a qualitative type. The research data is in the form of semantic aspects including form, lexical meaning, and the factors behind the formation of people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. Sources of data in this study were informants at Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. Data collection techniques in this study were listening and taking notes. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that (1) the forms of people's nicknames are based on the number of words, word classes, and language sources and (2) factors behind people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency consisting of shortening, sound imitation, and distinctive characteristics.Keywords: Naming; nicknames; semantics

scholarly journals NAMA JULUKAN ORANG DI DERMO MULYOAGUNG KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Suci Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Word Classes

ABSTRAK: Kajian semantik adalah kajian yang berperan menyelidiki makna dan arti dalam suatu bahasa pada umumnya. Penamaan adalah proses pelabelan terhadap suatu benda, orang, atau peristiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk nama julukan orang dan (2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa aspek semantik meliputi bentuk, makna leksikal, serta faktor yang melatarbelakangi pembentukan nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu simak dan catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa (1) bentuk-bentuk nama julukan orang didasarkan pada jumlah kata, kelas kata, serta sumber bahasa dan (2) faktor yang melatarbelakangi nama julukan orang di Dermo Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang terdiri atas pemendekan, peniruan bunyi, dan sifat khas.Kata Kunci: Nama julukan; penamaan; semantik NICKNAMES OF PEOPLE IN DERMO MULYOAGUNG DAU DISTRICT MALANG REGENCY (STUDY OF SEMANTIC) ABSTRACT: Semantic is a study that has the role of investigating the meaning and meaning in a language in general. Naming is the process of labeling an object, person or event. This study aims to (1) describe the forms of people's nicknames and (2) describe the factors behind people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. This type of research is a qualitative type. The research data is in the form of semantic aspects including form, lexical meaning, and the factors behind the formation of people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. Sources of data in this study were informants at Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency. Data collection techniques in this study were listening and taking notes. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that (1) the forms of people's nicknames are based on the number of words, word classes, and language sources and (2) factors behind people's nicknames in Dermo Mulyoagung, Dau District, Malang Regency consisting of shortening, sound imitation, and distinctive characteristics.Keywords: Naming; nicknames; semantics

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