scholarly journals Relationship of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations with some environmental variables in the Red River water in the period 2008 - 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Thi Phuong Quynh Le ◽  
Thi Xuan Binh Phung ◽  
Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
Duc Nghia Le ◽  
Tu Cuong Ho
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Red River ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Impact

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) is one of the main chemical components in water and very sensitive with environmental changes. DIC content in river water closely relates with natural weathering process and human activities in the whole basin. Therefore, DIC concentration reflects the impact of natural conditions and human activities in the basin to river water quality. This paper presents the survey results of the DIC concentrations at 4 sites in the Red River system during the period from January 2008 to December 2015 and simultaneously considers the relationship between some environmental variables and the DIC concentrations in the river water. The survey results showed that the DIC concentrations in the Red River water varied from 9.1 to 29.9 mgC.L-1, averaging 19.6 mgC.L-1 during the study period. The DIC concentrations are positively correlated with pH values and some major ions concentrations in river water, such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, SO42- but negatively correlated with water temperature. These relationships also indicate that the DIC concentrations in the Red River water are influenced by natural conditions, rather than by human activities in the river basin. Cacbon vô cơ hòa tan (DIC) là thành phần hóa học cơ bản trong nước và rất nhạy cảm với những thay đổi của các yếu tố môi trường. DIC có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với sự phong hóa tự nhiên và các hoạt động của con người trên quy mô toàn lưu vực. Do đó, DIC phản ánh mức độ tác động của các điều kiện tự nhiên và con người trong lưu vực tới chất lượng nước sông. Bài báo trình bày kết quả quan trắc hàm lượng DIC trong nước sông Hồng, đồng thời xem xét mối quan hệ giữa một số yếu tố môi trường với hàm lượng DIC trong nước sông trong giai đoạn 1/2008 – 4/2015. Kết quả cho thấy hàm lượng DIC trong nước sông Hồng dao động trong khoảng 9,1 to 29,9 mgC.L-1, trung bình đạt 19,6 mgC.L-1 trong giai đoạn tháng 1 năm 2008 – tháng 12 năm 2015. Hàm lượng DIC có mối tương quan theo tỷ lệ nghịch với nhiệt độ nước sông; đồng thời có mối tương quan tỷ lệ thuận với giá trị pH và hàm lượng một số ion như K+, Na+, Ca2+, SO42-... tại 4 vị trí quan trắc trên sông Hồng. Các mối quan hệ này thể hiện rằng hàm lượng DIC trong nước sông Hồng chịu ảnh hưởng chính của các đặc điểm tự nhiên hơn là các tác động của con người trong lưu vực.

scholarly journals Lake water dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics revealed from monthly measurements of radiocarbon in the Fuji Five Lakes, Japan

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ota ◽  
Yusuke Yokoyama ◽  
Yosuke Miyairi ◽  
Shinya Yamamoto ◽  
Toshihiro Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Reservoir Age

Lakes are sensitive recorders of anthropogenic activities, as human society often develops in their vicinity. Lake sediments thus have been widely used to reconstruct the history of environmental changes in the past, anthropogenic, or otherwise, and radiocarbon dating provides chronological control of the samples. However, specific values of radiocarbon in different carbon reservoirs due to the different pathways of radiocarbon from the upper atmosphere to the lake, called the radiocarbon reservoir age, is always difficult to evaluate because of dynamic processes in and around lakes. There are few systematic studies on radiocarbon reservoir ages for lakes owing to the complex radiocarbon transfer processes for lakes. Here, we investigate lake waters of the Fuji Five Lakes with monthly monitoring of the radiocarbon reservoir effects. Radiocarbon from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for groundwater and river water is also measured, with resulting concentrations (Δ14C) at their lowest at Lake Kawaguchi in August 2018 (–122.4 ± 3.2‰), and at their highest at Lake Motosu in January 2019 (–22.4 ± 2.5‰), despite a distance of 25 km. However, winter values in both lakes show similar trends of rising Δ14C (about 20‰). Our lake water DIC Δ14C results are compared to previously published records obtained from sediments in Lake Motosu and Lake Kawaguchi. These suggest that total organic carbon and compound-specific radiocarbon found in sediments are heavily influenced by summer blooms of aquatic organisms that fix DIC in water. Thus, future studies to conduct similar analyses at the various lakes would be able to provide further insights into the carbon cycle around inland water, namely understanding the nature of radiocarbon reservoir ages.

scholarly journals Coral Productivity Is Co-Limited by Bicarbonate and Ammonium Availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Roberty ◽  
Eric Béraud ◽  
Renaud Grover ◽  
Christine Ferrier-Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Carbon Availability ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Photosynthetic Performances ◽  
The Impact

The nitrogen environment and nitrogen status of reef-building coral endosymbionts is one of the important factors determining the optimal assimilation of phototrophic carbon and hence the growth of the holobiont. However, the impact of inorganic nutrient availability on the photosynthesis and physiological state of the coral holobiont is partly understood. This study aimed to determine if photosynthesis of the endosymbionts associated with the coral Stylophora pistillata and the overall growth of the holobiont were limited by the availability of dissolved inorganic carbon and nitrogen in seawater. For this purpose, colonies were incubated in absence or presence of 4 µM ammonium and/or 6 mM bicarbonate. Photosynthetic performances, pigments content, endosymbionts density and growth rate of the coral colonies were monitored for 3 weeks. Positive effects were observed on coral physiology with the supplementation of one or the other nutrient, but the most important changes were observed when both nutrients were provided. The increased availability of DIC and NH4+ significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency and capacity of endosymbionts, in turn enhancing the host calcification rate. Overall, these results suggest that in hospite symbionts are co-limited by nitrogen and carbon availability for an optimal photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Mechanism of O and C isotope fractionation in magnesian calcite skeletons of <i>Octocorallia</i> corals and an implication on their calcification response to ocean acidification

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshimura ◽  
A. Suzuki ◽  
N. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Coral Skeletons ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

Abstract. Coral calcification is strongly dependent on both the pH and the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the calcifying fluid. Skeletal oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation of high-Mg calcite skeletons of \\textit{Octocorallia} corals directly record the biological manipulation on sources of DIC in response to environmental changes. The coral skeletons were enriched in light isotopes (16O and 12C) relative to the expected values based on habitat environmental parameters and Mg/Ca of the skeletons. The differences between the expected and observed values ranged from −4.66 to −1.53 for δ18O and from −7.34 to −1.75 for δ13C. The large variability cannot be explained by the ambient environment, the contribution of metabolic carbon, or the precipitation rate of the skeleton. Therefore, the most plausible explanation for the observed O and C isotope differences in high-Mg calcite coral skeletons is the existence of two carbon sources, aqueous carbon dioxide in the calcifying fluid and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. Positive correlations of B/Ca with δ18O and δ13C suggest that skeletal isotopic compositions are enriched in light isotopes when conditions are less alkaline. Therefore, the relative contribution of isotopically heavy DIC from seawater through the skeleton and pericellular channels decreases under the reduced pH of the extracytoplasmic calcifying fluid. Our data suggest an even stronger biological effect under lower pH. Skeletal δ18O and δ13C values record the response of the sources of DIC in the coral calcifying fluids to ambient seawater pH. These changes give insight into how ocean acidification impacts the physiological mechanisms as well as the pH offset between calcifying fluid and seawater in response to ocean acidification.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Habitat Uses and Their Implications for the Conservation of the Chinese Bumblebee Bombus pyrosoma (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Jiyao Liu ◽  
Guiling Ding ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Jilian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Bumblebees are important pollinators for many wild plants and crops. However, the bumblebee populations are seriously declining in many parts of the world. Hence, the bumblebee conservation strategy should be urgently addressed, and the species distribution modeling approach can effectively evaluate the potentially suitable areas for their conservation. Here, one of the most abundant and endemic species of bumblebee in China, Bombus pyrosoma, was selected to assess current and future climates’ influence on its distribution with MaxEnt. Nine high-resolution bioclimatic/environmental variables with high contribution rates and low correlations were used. Four of the nine bioclimatic/environmental variables, min temperature of the coldest month (bio_06), annual mean temperature (bio_01), precipitation of wettest month (bio_13) and radiation of warmest quarter (bio_26), were found to be the most critical factors influencing the distribution of B. pyrosoma. The modeling results showed that the areas with high and moderate suitability for B. pyrosoma covered 141,858 and 186,198 km2 under the current climate conditions. More than 85% of the sampling sites in 2019 were found to be suitable under the current scenario. Under the future A1B and A2 scenarios in 2050 and 2100, the areas with low and moderate suitability for B. pyrosoma increased. However, alarmingly, the high suitability areas decreased under the future A1B and A2 scenarios in 2050 and 2100. Furthermore, regions covering seven provinces of northern China were the most crucial for developing nature reserves for B. pyrosoma, with the following order of suitable areas: Gansu, Shanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Hebei and Beijing. Our study highlights the impact of future climate changes on the distribution of B. pyrosoma, and conservation strategies should mitigate the threats posed by environmental changes, particularly in the current high suitability areas.

scholarly journals Identification and Analysis of Problems in Selected European Historic Gardens during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Hodor ◽  
Łukasz Przybylak ◽  
Jacek Kuśmierski ◽  
Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Workforce Reductions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Animal Presence

The paper is based on a survey and investigates the functioning of historic gardens during the pandemic. The authors collected and analysed information on the impact of the pandemic on the behaviour of visitors, maintenance, and condition of cultural heritage assets, European historic gardens. Four aspects were considered particularly carefully: the situation of gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintenance and care in gardens, virtual activity and communication, and financial consequences. The authors determined the conditions of the gardens and the problems they faced based on a survey completed by 23 managers of 31 historic gardens from June to August 2020 and then proposed a diagnosis. The paper presents the survey results. In general, visitor volumes tended to drop in 2020, which significantly affected gardens’ financial standing and contributed to workforce reductions. The garden condition and treatments were affected, as well. Reduced visitor volumes resulted in positive environmental changes. Among them were ecological succession, the stability of landscaped plants, increase in vegetation, improved biodiversity in the ground cover, and enhanced animal presence. Additional safety measures were implemented after the gardens were reopened to the public during the pandemic, mostly social distancing, and obligatory face masks. Less than half of the gardens had contingency plans, and 25% of the respondents were working to develop one. The analyses provided foundations to start working on a universal emergency strategy similar to procedures used for years for permanent collections at museums. Note that, being open public spaces and live museums, historic gardens were the first places reopened after the lockdown. Recommendations based on the study can contribute to the future safe functioning of historic gardens in other similar crises. The guidelines offer instructions, advice, and recommendations that form foundations of the development of a universal management model facilitating the preservation of historic gardens in good condition while exploiting their ecological potential.

GIS-ROUT: A River Model for Watershed Planning

10.1068/b2624 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhao Wang ◽  
Charlotte White-Hull ◽  
Scott Dyer ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Watershed Planning ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Development Scenarios

Previous studies have shown that significant environmental changes are the result of human activities such as urbanization occurring at the spatial scale of landscapes. The challenge faced by many planners today is how to understand such relationships in order to support integrated watershed planning and management. Although many mathematical models have been developed to simulate the chemical transport process in a river, few are actually used in watershed assessment and management. Recently, incorporating analytical models into GIS platforms has emerged as a promising research area attracting planners and other resource managers. In this paper we present a GIS-based river water quality model (GIS-ROUT) to predict chemistry changes in river water as a result of sewage discharge changes in a watershed. Integration of spatial data, GIS, and analytical models in GIS-ROUT makes it possible to examine the dynamic linkages between water quality and human activities in a watershed. Furthermore, the user-friendly interface of the model allows its users to concentrate on the planning issues, such as examining the “What if…” questions related to different development scenarios. The study not only contributes to the application of GIS and water quality models in planning, but it also provides a comprehensive view of the watershed that can help government agencies and other stakeholders to make informed decisions.

Physiological responses to temperature and ocean acidification in tropical fleshy macroalgae with varying affinities for inorganic carbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Ho ◽  
James McBroom ◽  
Ellie Bergstrom ◽  
Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Δ13c Values

Abstract Marine macroalgae have variable carbon-uptake strategies that complicate predicting responses to environmental changes. In seawater, dissolved inorganic carbon availability can affect the underlying physiological mechanisms influencing carbon uptake. We tested the interactive effects of ocean acidification (OA) and warming on two HCO3−-users (Lobophora sp. and Amansia rhodantha), a predominately CO2-user (Avrainvillea nigricans), and a sole CO2-user (Plocamium hamatum) in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We examined metabolic rates, growth, and carbon isotope values (δ13C) in algae at 26, 28, or 30°C under ambient or elevated pCO2 (∼1000 µatm). Under OA, δ13C values for the HCO3−-users decreased, indicating less reliance on HCO3−, while δ13C values for CO2-users were unaffected. Both HCO3−-users decreased in growth across temperatures under ambient pCO2, but this negative effect was alleviated by OA at 30°C. A. nigricans lost biomass across all treatments and P. hamatum was most sensitive, with reduced survival in all physiological responses. Metabolic rates varied greatly to interacting temperature and OA and indicated a decoupling between the relationship of photosynthesis and growth. Furthermore, our findings suggest HCO3−-users are more responsive to future CO2 changes, and highlight examining carbon physiology to infer potential responses to interacting environmental stressors.

scholarly journals Impact of Foehn Wind and Related Environmental Variables on the Incidence of Cardiac Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Maciejczak ◽  
Agnieszka Guzik ◽  
Andżelina Wolan-Nieroda ◽  
Marzena Wójcik ◽  
Teresa Pop
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In Poland there is no data related to the impact of halny wind and the related environmental variables on the incidence of cardiac events. We decided to investigate the relationship between this weather phenomenon, as well as the related environmental variables, and the incidence of cardiac events in the population of southern Poland, a region affected by this type of wind. We also decided to determine whether the environmental changes coincide with or predate the event examined. We analysed data related to 465 patients admitted to the cardiology ward in a large regional hospital during twelve months of 2011 due to acute myocardial infarction. All the patients in the study group lived in areas affected by halny wind and at the time of the event were staying in those areas. The frequency of admissions on halny days did not differ significantly from the admissions on the remaining days of the year (p = 0.496). No statistically significant differences were found between the number of admissions on halny days and on the remaining days during halny months (p = 0.084). We have identified a difference in the number of admissions between days with no halny and days immediately preceding onset of halny (p = 0.001). However, no effects of the related environmental variables have been observed in the incidence of cardiac events (p = 0.866, F = 0.37). On the days with halny wind, incidence of cardiac events is similar to that on the remaining days of the year.

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