Charge Characteristics and Cation Exchanges Properties of Hilly Dryland Soils Aceh Besar, Indonesia

Soil surface charge and cation exchange are important parameters of soil fertility in tropical soils. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of surface charges and cation exchanges on four soil orders of the dryland in Aceh Besar district. The soil order includes Entisols Jantho (05o16’58.41” N; 95o37’51.82” E), Andisols Saree (05o27'15.6" N; 95o44'09,1" E), Inceptisols Cucum (05º18’18,37” N; 95º32’48,04” E), dan Oxisols Lembah Seulawah (05o27’19,4” N; 95o46’19,2” E). The charge characteristics of surface charge are evaluated from the parameter of DpH (pHH2O-pHKCl), variable charge (Vc), permanent charge (Pc), and point of zero charges (PZC). In contrast, cation exchange properties are evaluated from several soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and effective CEC (ECEC). The results show that the four pedons of soil in the hilly dryland of Aceh Besar include a variable charge because it has a PZC, which is characterized by a negative surface charge with a PZC of pHH2O and has CEC dependent soil pH. PZC value varies from 3.21 – 5.26 and sequentially PZC Andisols Oxisols Entisols Inceptisols. The total CEC value differs considerably from ECEC and the sum of cations. CEC total of the soils varies from 12.8 – 34.4 cmol kg-1, whereas the ECEC values vary from 2.72 – 8.66 cmol kg-1. The highest variable charge percentage is found in Andisols Saree. In contrast, the highest permanent charge is found in Inceptisols Cucum and is positively correlated with pHH20, PZC, CEC, and sums of cations or ECEC. Improving soil quality in hilly dryland soils in Aceh Besar District can be done by decreasing the PZC status of soils with organic amendments and fertilizers or increasing the pH by using liming.

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Chemical changes in an oxisol treated with pyroligneous acid

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000200002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aluísio Hideki Togoro ◽

Juliana Aparecida dos Santos da Silva ◽

Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Pyroligneous Acid

The use of pyroligneous acid (PA), a by-product of charcoal production, is an ancient practice applied in agriculture to control soil and plant pests and diseases. However, little is known about the chemical alterations that this product may cause on treated soil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of PA concentrations on soil ions movement and to verify possible soil chemical properties changes. Detachable columns were filled with Oxisol, submitted to application of 5 PA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 8% v/v), followed by water infiltration in an amount corresponding to 1.5 times the soil total pore volume, and evaluated the soil of four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40cm) and the leachate. The use of pyroligneous acid in concentrations up to 2 % (v/v) induces only slight decrease of k, Mg, basis saturation and total cation exchange capacity, in the 0-20 cm soil layer. The application of 4 % (v/v) and 8 % (v/v) pyroligneous acid induces severe increase on the potential acidity, and the decrease on the pH, basis saturation, total cation exchange capacity, and Ca concentration, in the layer of 0-20 cm soil. The P and K concentration reduces in the 0-20 cm soil layer by increasing from 1% to 8% the concentration of pyroligneous acid solution applied on soil surface. By increasing the PA concentration applied on the soil, there is increase of acidity, organic matter, P, K, Ca, and Mg, and decrease of sulfate in the leachate.

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Surface Charge

Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195097450.003.0005 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

X. N. Zhang ◽

A. Z. Zhao

Keyword(s):

Charge Density ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Surface Charges ◽

Variable Charge ◽

Surface Materials ◽

Two Factors ◽

Constant Charge ◽

Variable Charge Soils

The surface of soil colloids carries electric charges, and these surface charges are the basic cause for soil to possess a series of surface properties. Soil surface charges affect the chemical properties of the soil through varying the quantity of electric charge and the surface charge density. For example, adsorptions of cations and anions are caused by negative and positive surface charges of the soil, respectively. The amount of ions adsorbed is determined by the quantity of surface charge, whereas the tightness of adsorption is related to charge density. In addition, the migration of ions in soil, the formation of organo-mineral complexes,and the dispersion, flocculation, swelling, and shrinkage are all affected by surface charge properties of the soil. Therefore, surface charge properties have an important bearing on soil structure and plant nutrition. Variable charge soils are characterized by the high content of iron and aluminum oxides. The clay mineralogical composition is dominated by 1:1-type minerals, such as kaolinite. These two factors make the surface charge properties of variable charge soils distinctly different from those of constant charge soils of temperate regions which chiefly containin 2:1-type clay minerals. However, unlike the case for pure variable charge minerals, in variable charge soils there is generally the presence of a certain amount of 2:1-type clay minerals. Therefore, as a mixture of variable charge minerals and constant charge minerals, the surface charge properties of variable charge soils is more complicated. In this chapter, the origin and factors affecting surface charges of the soil as well as the relationship between these charges and soil type will be discussed. Despite the complexity in composition, a soil may be regarded as a mixed system consisting of constant charge surface materials and constant potential surface materials in different ratios (Anderson and Sposito, 1992; Gillman and Uehara, 1980). Examples of the former type such as montmorillonite and vermiculite carry permanent negative charges, while those of the latter type such as iron oxide and aluminum oxide carry variable charges. Commonly found constant charge clay minerals in soils include those layer silicates such as hydrous mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, and chlorite.

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Effects of pH and ionic strength on the cation exchange capacity of soils with variable charge

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9810093 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

GP Gillman

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Surface Soils ◽

Ph Values ◽

Variable Charge ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Variable Charge Soils

The cation exchange capacity of six surface soils from north Queensland and Hawaii has been measured over a range of pH values (4-6) and ionic strength values (0.003-0.05). The results show that for variable charge soils, modest changes in electrolyte ionic strength are as important in their effect on caton exchange capacity as are changes in pH values.

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Exchange Characteristics of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in Selected Tropical Soils

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/428569 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tope O. Bolanle-Ojo ◽

Abiodun D. Joshua ◽

Opeyemi A. Agbo-Adediran ◽

Ademola S. Ogundana ◽

Kayode A. Aiyeyika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Soil System ◽

Soil Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lead Zinc ◽

High Base

Conducting binary-exchange experiments is a common way to identify cationic preferences of exchangeable phases in soil. Cation exchange reactions and thermodynamic studies of Pb2+/Ca2+, Cd2+/Ca2+, and Zn2+/Ca2+were carried out on three surface (0–30 cm) soil samples from Adamawa and Niger States in Nigeria using the batch method. The physicochemical properties studies of the soils showed that the soils have neutral pH values, low organic matter contents, low exchangeable bases, and low effective cation exchange capacity (mean: 3.27 cmolc kg−1) but relatively high base saturations (≫50%) with an average of 75.9%. The amount of cations sorbed in all cases did not exceed the soils cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, except for Pb sorption in the entisol-AD2 and alfisol-AD3, where the CEC were exceeded at high Pb loading. Calculated selectivity coefficients were greater than unity across a wide range of exchanger phase composition, indicating a preference for these cations over Ca2+. TheKeqvalues obtained in this work were all positive, indicating that the exchange reactions were favoured and equally feasible. These values indicated that the Ca/soil systems were readily converted to the cation/soil system. The thermodynamic parameters calculated for the exchange of these cations were generally low, but values suggest spontaneous reactions.

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Cation exchange capacity of an oxisol amended with an effluent from domestic sewage treatment

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000600007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 552-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adriel Ferreira da Fonseca ◽

Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni ◽

Adolpho José Melfi ◽

Célia Regina Montes

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Barium Chloride ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Ionic Force ◽

Barium Chloride Solution

The addition of Na-rich anthropogenic residues to tropical soils has stimulated the scientific community to study the role of sodium in both the soil solution and the exchange complex. In this study, several different methods were used to calculate the concentration of exchangeable and soluble cations and this data was then used to establish correlations between the level of these cations and both the accumulation of various elements and the dry weight of maize grown in a greenhouse under different conditions. In the closed environments of the pots, the most suitable method for calculating the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was the cation exchange capacity calculated by cations removed with barium chloride solution (CEC S). Then again, the actual cation exchange capacity (CEC A) should be measured by using Mg adsorption to prevent ionic force from influencing electric charges. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the concentrations of Na in the 1:2 soil:water extracts and the accumulation of Na in the maize plants, indicating saline or double acid extractors are not needed when monitoring the Na concentration only.

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Effect of arsenate on adsorption of Zn(II) by three variable charge soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr06181 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jing Liang ◽

Ren-kou Xu ◽

Diwakar Tiwari ◽

An-zhen Zhao

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Iron Oxides ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Variable Charge ◽

Study Results ◽

Negative Surface ◽

Negative Surface Charge ◽

Enhanced Adsorption ◽

Variable Charge Soils

The effect of arsenate on adsorption of Zn(II) in 3 variable charge soils (Hyper-Rhodic Ferralsol, Rhodic Ferralsol, and Haplic Acrisol) and the desorption of pre-adsorbed Zn(II) in the presence of arsenate were investigated in this study. Results showed that the presence of arsenate led to an increase in both the adsorption and desorption of Zn(II) in these variable charge soils. It was also suggested that the enhanced Zn(II) adsorption by arsenate was mainly due to the increase in negative surface charge of the soils induced by the specific adsorption of arsenate, and the increase in electrostatically adsorbed Zn(II) was responsible for the increase in the desorption of Zn(II). The effect of arsenate on Zn(II) adsorption primarily depends on the initial concentration of arsenate and Zn(II), the system pH, and the nature of soils. The enhanced adsorption of Zn(II) increased with the increase in the initial concentration of arsenate and the amount of arsenate adsorbed by the soils. The presence of arsenate decreased the zeta potential of soil suspensions and soil IEP and thus shifted the adsorption edge of Zn(II) to a lower pH region. The effect of arsenate on Zn(II) adsorption in these 3 soils followed the order Hyper-Rhodic Ferralsol > Rhodic Ferralsol > Haplic Acrisol, which was consistent to the contents of iron oxides in these soils and the amount of arsenate adsorbed by the soils.

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Radiation-induced Grafting of Styrene onto Polyethylene Films for Preparation of Cation Exchange Membranes: Effect of Crosslinking+

Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology ◽

10.11113/amst.v2i1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. M. Nasef ◽

H. Saidi ◽

A. H. Yahaya

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

Ion Exchange Capacity ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽

Radiation Induced

Crosslinked cation exchange membranes bearing sulfonic acid groups (PE-g-PSSA/DVB) were prepared by radiationinduced grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene (DVB) mixtures onto low density polyethylene (PE) films followed by sulfonation reactions. The effect of addition of DVB (2 and 4%) on the grafting behavior and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes such as ion exchange capacity, swelling and ionic conductivity were evaluated incorrelation with grafting yield (Y%). The structural and thermal properties of the membranes were also studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Crosslinking with DVB was found to considerably affect the properties of the membranes in a way that reduces the swelling properties and enhances the chemical stability. The ion conductivity of the crosslinked membranes recorded a level of 10–2 S/cm at sufficient grafting yield (28%) despite the reduction caused by the formation of crosslinking structure. The results of this work suggest that membranes prepared in this study are potential alternatives for various electrochemical applications.

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Interactions BetweenEscherchia coliand the Colloids of Three Variable Charge Soils and Their Effects on Soil Surface Charge Properties

Geomicrobiology Journal ◽

10.1080/01490451.2014.967419 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 511-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zhao-Dong Liu ◽

Zhi-Neng Hong ◽

Jiu-Yu Li ◽

Jun Jiang ◽

Ren-Kou Xu

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Variable Charge ◽

Variable Charge Soils

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Charge characteristics of soil in a lowland tropical moist forest in Panama in response to dry-season irrigation

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr00061 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joseph B. Yavitt ◽

S. Joseph Wright

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Dry Season ◽

Soil Nutrient Status ◽

Variable Charge ◽

Subsurface Soil ◽

Moist Forest

Although the hot, moist tropics in the Republic of Panama receive more than 2000 mm of rain per year, soils dry considerably during the 4-month dry season. We examined the effect of seasonal drought by irrigating two 2.25-ha plots of lowland tropical moist forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) for 5 consecutive dry seasons. Irrigation decreased soil permeability and improved soil nutrient status, which prompted this study of soil charge characteristics in the irrigated and control plots. Soil was an Alfisol, and thus it was not clear a prioriwhether variable-charge or permanent-charge components dominated. Surface soil (0–15 cm) had a pH(H2O) of 5.5 and pH(KCl) of 4.8. Subsurface soil (30–45 cm) had a pH(H2O) of 4.8 and a pH(KCl) of 3.5. The point of zero salt effect (PZSE), measured by titration, varied from 3.7 to 5.0 in surface soil and from 3.5 to 4.2 in subsurface soil. Variable charge of surface soil was 2.6 cmolc/kg.pH unit after the dry season in April versus 3.2 cmolc/kg.pH unit after the wet season in December in both control and dry-season irrigated plots, reflecting seasonal differences in pH and PZSE. The point of zero net charge (PZNC), measured by ion retention, was at pH <2.0, indicating that permanent-charge components dominated the soil surface charge. Five years of dry-season irrigation resulted in pH(H2O) increasing by 0.6 units and pH(KCl) increasing by 0.2 units. As well, irrigation increased the amount of permanent charge and cation retention, leading to less sorption of phosphate and sulfate. The results have important ecological implications, showing mechanistically how wetter conditions affected soil surface charge leading to improved soil nutrient status. permanent charge, soil pH, tropical forest soil, variable charge, water regime.

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Eosin Removal by Cetyl Trimethylammonium-Cloisites: Influence of the Surfactant Solution Type and Regeneration Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24163015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (16) ◽

pp. 3015

Author(s):

Fethi Kooli ◽

Souad Rakass ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Mostafa Abboudi ◽

Hicham Oudghiri Hassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Clay Mineral ◽

Salt Solution ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Surfactant Solution ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Basal Spacing ◽

Xrd Techniques

The effect of the counteranion of hexadecyltrimethylammonium salts on the physico-chemical properties of organoclays was investigated, using a selected natural clay mineral with a cation exchange capacity of 95 meq/100 g. The uptake amount of C16 cations was dependent on the hexadecyltrimethylammonium (C16) salt solution used, the organoclay prepared from C16Br salt solution exhibited a value of 1. 05 mmole/g higher than those prepared from C16Cl and C16OH salt solutions. The basal spacing of these organoclays was in the range of 1.81 nm to 2.10 nm, indicating a similar orientation of the intercalated surfactants, and could indicated that the excess amount of surfactants, above the cation exchange capacity of 0.95 meq/g could be adsorbed on the external surface of the clay mineral sheets. These organoclays were found to be stable in neutral, acidic, and basic media. The thermal stability of these organoclays was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The decomposition of the surfactant occurred at a maximum temperature of 240 °C, accompanied with a decrease of the basal spacing value close to 1.42 nm. The application of these organoclays was investigated to remove an acidic dye, eosin. The removal amount was related to the initial used concentrations, the amount of the surfactants contents, and to the preheated temperatures of the organoclays. The removal was found to be endothermic process with a maximum amount of 55 mg of eosin/g of organoclay. The value decreased to 25 mg/g, when the intercalated surfactants were decomposed. The reuse of these organoclays was limited to four regeneration recycles with a reduction of 20 to 30%. However, noticeable reduction between 35% to 50% of the initial efficiency, was achieved after the fifth cycle, depending of the used organoclays.

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