Forstjóraráðningar í þjóðhagslega mikilvægum fyrirtækjum: Kynjahalli, útilokun og ófagleg ráðningarferli?

Iceland is a global leader in gender equality, nevertheless, inequality persists in public interest entities, that is listed companies. Men hold CEO positions in all 19 Icelandic listed companies and chair the board of all companies, except one. This study sheds light on the hiring process for CEOs of listed companies and why the increased number of women board members has not led to an increased number of female CEOs. The research question is: How do women on boards of listed companies experience the CEO hiring process with regard to the possibilities of men or women to be hired? Twenty-two women sitting on boards of all listed companies in Iceland were interviewed. Findings reveal dissatisfaction with the prevailing hiring practices, which the female board members experience as a fast-paced and very closed process. The process is heavily reliant on board-members’ networks and headhunters’ lists. Such hiring processes are exclusionary for women and some interviewees are conflicted about their own participation in the process. The main contribution of this research is that female board members of all listed companies are interviewed for the first time to shed light on their experiences of the hiring process for senior management positions.

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An Epistemological Criticism of Social Entrepreneurship: Is Social Entrepreneurship a Sound Scientific Field of Research

10.31124/advance.7091927.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Forouharfar

Keyword(s):

Social Entrepreneurship ◽

Social Constructivism ◽

Social Epistemology ◽

American English ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Research Question ◽

Knowledge Structure ◽

Scientific Field ◽

The Other ◽

First Time

The paper was shaped around the pivotal question: Is SE a sound and scientific field of research? The question has given a critical tone to the paper and has also helped to bring out some of the controversial debates in the realm of SE. The paper was organized under five main discussions to be able to provide a scientific answer to the research question: (1) is “social entrepreneurship” an oxymoron?, (2) the characteristics of SE knowledge, (3) sources of social entrepreneurship knowledge, (4) SE knowledge: structure and limitations and (5) contributing epistemology-making concepts for SE. Based on the sections, the study relied on the relevant philosophical schools of thought in Epistemology (e.g. Empiricism, Rationalism, Skepticism, Internalism vs. Externalism, Essentialism, Social Constructivism, Social Epistemology, etc.) to discuss these controversies around SE and proposes some solutions by reviewing SE literature. Also, to determine the governing linguistic discourse in the realm of SE, which was necessary for our discussion, Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) for the first time in SE studies was used. Further, through the study, SE buzzwords which constitute SE terminology were derived and introduced to help us narrowing down and converging the thoughts in this field and demarking the epistemological boundaries of SE. The originality of the paper on one hand lies in its pioneering discussions on SE epistemology and on the other hand in paving the way for a construction of sound epistemology for SE; therefore in many cases after preparing the philosophical ground for the discussions, it went beyond the prevalent SE literature through meta-analysis to discuss the cases which were raised. The results of the study verified previously claimed embryonic pre-paradigmatic phase in SE which was far from a sound and scientific knowledge, although the scholarly endeavors are the harbingers of such a possibility in the future which calls for further mature academic discussion and development of SE knowledge by the SE academia.

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Aleksey Peshkov as an editor of Samarskaya Gazeta

Voprosy literatury ◽

10.31425/0042-8795-2020-4-128-138 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-138

Author(s):

A. S. Bik-Bulatov

Keyword(s):

Local History ◽

Organizational Skills ◽

First Time ◽

New Evidence ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shed Light

The article uses little known letters of M. Gorky, many of which were published for the first time in 1997, as well as findings of Samara-based experts in local history to shed light on the writer’s work as editor-in-chief of the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper in 1895. The researcher introduces hitherto unstudied reminiscences of the journalist D. Linyov (Dalin) about this period, which reference a letter by Gorky, now lost. The paper details a newly discovered episode of Gorky’s professional biography as a journalist: it concerns his campaign against a Samara ‘she-wolf,’ the madam of a local brothel A. Neucheva. Linyov’s reminiscences turn out to be an important and interesting source, offering an insight into the daily grind of the young editor Gorky, providing new evidence of his excellent organizational skills, and describing his moral and social stance. The author presents his work in the context of a recently initiated broader discussion about the need to map out all Russian periodicals for the period until 1917, as well as all research devoted to individual publications.

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[I] ‘did write this Wyll with my own hand’

Critical Survey ◽

10.3167/cs.2020.320406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 66-77

Author(s):

Vassiliki Markidou

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Nation Building ◽

Early Modern London ◽

First Time ◽

Shed Light

This article attempts for the first time to shed light on the politics of simulation and dissimulation in Isabella Whitney’s ‘Wyll and Testament’. It also argues that the poem both reflects its creator’s awareness of the celebrated English historical and topographical narratives and deviates from them by crucially omitting a seminal part of London’s history, namely its Troynovant tradition. In so doing, as well as by defining a paradoxical urban landscape, Whitney presents a tale not of the (mythic) founding of the English capital with its patriarchal and nation-building connotations, but of its (satiric) bequeathal by benevolent femininity, as such offering its reader a different angle from which to explore and interpret early modern London.

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Moral psychology of sex robots: An experimental study − how pathogen disgust is associated with interhuman sex but not interandroid sex

Paladyn Journal of Behavioral Robotics ◽

10.1515/pjbr-2020-0012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 233-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mika Koverola ◽

Marianna Drosinou ◽

Jussi Palomäki ◽

Juho Halonen ◽

Anton Kunnari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Science Fiction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Sex Worker ◽

Interest In Science ◽

Sex Robots ◽

Monogamous Relationship ◽

Attitudes Toward Sex ◽

First Time ◽

And Robotics ◽

Shed Light

AbstractThe idea of sex with robots seems to fascinate the general public, raising both enthusiasm and revulsion. We ran two experimental studies (Ns = 172 and 260) where we compared people’s reactions to variants of stories about a person visiting a bordello. Our results show that paying for the services of a sex robot is condemned less harshly than paying for the services of a human sex worker, especially if the payer is married. We have for the first time experimentally confirmed that people are somewhat unsure about whether using a sex robot while in a committed monogamous relationship should be considered as infidelity. We also shed light on the psychological factors influencing attitudes toward sex robots, including disgust sensitivity and interest in science fiction. Our results indicate that sex with a robot is indeed genuinely considered as sex, and a sex robot is genuinely seen as a robot; thus, we show that standard research methods on sexuality and robotics are also applicable in research on sex robotics.

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Publishing quantitative careers research: challenges and recommendations

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-08-2021-0217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Bert Schreurs ◽

Angus Duff ◽

Pascale M. Le Blanc ◽

Thomas H. Stone

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Team Member ◽

Research Question ◽

Editorial Team ◽

Board Members ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Insight Into

Purpose This article aims to provide prospective authors guidelines that will hopefully enable them to submit more competitive manuscripts to journals publishing careers research.Design/methodology/approach Based on their experience as an author, reviewer and editorial team member, the authors identify the main criteria that a quantitative study must meet to be considered for publication in international peer-reviewed journals covering career-related topics. They emphasize the importance of contributing to the careers literature and of designing the study in accordance with the research question.Findings Manuscripts are rejected because they are insufficiently innovative, and/or because sample, instruments and design are not appropriate to answer the research question at hand. Cross-sectional designs cannot be used to answer questions of mediation but should not be discarded automatically since they can be used to address other types of questions, including questions about nesting, clustering of individuals into subgroups, and to some extent, even causality.Originality/value The manuscript provides an insight into the decision-making process of reviewers and editorial board members and includes recommendations on the use of cross-sectional data.

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Proactive Quality Control: Observing System Simulation Experiments with the Lorenz ’96 Model

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-18-0138.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 (1) ◽

pp. 53-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tse-Chun Chen ◽

Eugenia Kalnay

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Computational Cost ◽

Network Size ◽

Simulation Experiments ◽

Systematic Testing ◽

Kalman Gain ◽

Lorenz 96 ◽

First Time ◽

Shed Light

Proactive quality control (PQC) is a fully flow-dependent QC for observations based on the ensemble forecast sensitivity to observations technique (EFSO). It aims at reducing the forecast skill dropout events suffered in operational numerical weather prediction by rejecting observations identified as detrimental by EFSO. Past studies show that individual dropout cases from the Global Forecast System (GFS) were significantly improved by noncycling PQC. In this paper, we perform for the first time cycling PQC experiments in a controlled environment with the Lorenz model to provide a systematic testing of the new method and possibly shed light on the optimal configuration of operational implementation. We compare several configurations and PQC update methods. It is found that PQC improvement is insensitive to the suboptimal configurations in DA, including ensemble size, observing network size, model error, and the length of DA window, but the improvements increase with the flaws in observations. More importantly, we show that PQC improves the analysis and forecast even in the absence of flawed observations. The study reveals that reusing the exact same Kalman gain matrix for PQC update not only provides the best result but requires the lowest computational cost among all the tested methods.

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How Important is Gambling in National GDP: Case Study from Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia

ECONOMICS ◽

10.2478/eoik-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-49

Author(s):

Andrej Raspor ◽

Iva Bulatović ◽

Ana Stranjančević ◽

Darko Lacmanović

Keyword(s):

Research Question ◽

The State ◽

State Budget ◽

Significant Information ◽

Main Research ◽

Benchmark Analysis ◽

The World ◽

State Budgets ◽

The Given ◽

First Time

Abstract Purpose – The situation in the field of gambling is changing due to the rise of Internet and Mobile gambling. In general gambling consumption is increasing every year, but the distribution of consumption has radically changed from Land Based gambling to Remote gambling. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the world gambling industry and a specific overview in Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia in order to find some main similarities and differences in observed period. Design/Methodology/Approach – The main research question is How important is gambling for the involved countries and what proportion of the national GDP does the gambling revenue account for? This paper presents the analysis of five statistical databases for the last sixteen years in order to find out some patterns, cyclical or seasonal features or other significant information that allows us to do forecasting of the future revenue with a certain degree of accuracy. We have systematically searched and collected data from the World Bank and the National Statistical Offices websites of the given countries. Statistical methods were used for benchmark analysis, while Box and Jenkins approach and ARIMA modelling were used for forecasting. Findings – The smallest increase was recorded in Slovenia and the largest in Italy. The same effects were also observed in the GDP of these countries. Thus, the state budgets of Croatia and Italy are increasingly dependent on gambling taxes. It also has negative wages. The gambling addictions among the locals have become more frequent as well. Originality of the research – The article shows the forecasts of the gambling revenue and its share in the GDP by 2027. We want to alert decision makers to adopt appropriate policies. States need to rethink their views on gambling and the excessive dependence of the state budget on gambling taxes. This is the first time a single comparative analysis of these countries and the above mentioned forecast has been conducted.

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Factors that Encourage Student Engagement: Insights from a Case Study of ‘First Time’ Students in a New Zealand University.

Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice ◽

10.53761/1.8.1.7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 81-96

Author(s):

Barbara Russell ◽

◽

Gloria R L Slater ◽

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Student Engagement ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Research Question ◽

Education Programme ◽

Active Citizenship ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

First Time

This case study reports on the findings from one of nine tertiary institutions that took part in a project funded by the Teaching and Learning Research Initiative (TLRI) in New Zealand. The research question explored how institutional and non institutional learning environments influence student engagement with learning in a higher education, university setting. Data was collected initially by means of a questionnaire; subsequently more in-depth data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with students randomly selected from those who indicated, on the questionnaire, that they were willing to be interviewed. Respondents were enrolled for the first time in this institution, but not necessarily for the first time in a tertiary education programme. A conceptual model with four strands: motivation and agency; transactional engagement; institutional support and active citizenship was used to organise the data. Findings were analysed against a synthesis of current literature and suggest that factors identified in the first three strands of the conceptual model played a significant role in student engagement with learning; active citizenship, however, did not feature highly in student responses and is an aspect of engagement that could benefit from further research.

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Corporate governance and board of directors in Greek listed companies

Corporate Board role duties and composition ◽

10.22495/cbv13i2art4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 38-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chryssoula Tsene

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Company Law ◽

Board Members ◽

Executive Directors ◽

Shareholder Protection ◽

Key Factor ◽

Code Of Corporate Governance ◽

Legal Mechanism

Corporate governance is widely acknowledged as a key factor of market’s efficiency and corporate performance. Greek company law, under the influence of the financial crisis, has responded actively by incorporating in national law EU directives on corporate governance of listed companies and by adopting recently self-regulatory provisions. This regulatory framework contributes essentially to enhance board accountability and transparency, empower shareholder protection and promote financial disclosure. In that regard, two pillars should be illustrated as regards board of directors in listed companies: Greek company law provides traditionally for the establishment of the general duties of loyalty and care of all board members in companies limited by shares, which are furthermore reinforced by the provisions of the Hellenic Code of Corporate Governance for listed companies. Secondly, hard law rules introduce the participation of non-executive and non-executive independent directors as a legal mechanism of confronting agency problems in listed companies. These provisions have been strongly argued as regards the exact content of the obligations of all board members of listed companies to promote the corporate interest and especially as regards the monitoring role of non-executive directors. These conceptions should be followed by empirical researches in order to address a completely legal and functional approach.

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Implementing the board of directors’ mechanism – An empirical study of the listed firms in Libya

Corporate Board role duties and composition ◽

10.22495/cbv14i1art2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jill Atkins ◽

Mohamed Zakari ◽

Ismail Elshahoubi

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Boards Of Directors ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Board Members ◽

Corporate Boards ◽

Listed Firms ◽

Stakeholder Groups ◽

The Board Of Directors ◽

Executive Managers

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which board of directors’ mechanism is implemented in Libyan listed companies. This includes a consideration of composition, duties and responsibilities of the board directors. This study employed a questionnaire survey to collect required data from four key stakeholder groups: Boards of Directors (BD), Executive Managers (EM), Regulators and External Auditors (RE) and Other Stakeholders (OS). The results of this study provided evidence that Libyan listed companies generally comply with the Libyan Corporate Governance Code (LCGC) requirements regarding the board composition: the findings assert that most boards have between three and eleven members, the majority of whom are non-executives and at least two or one-third of whom (whichever is greater) are independent. Moreover, the results indicate that general assemblies in Libyan listed companies are practically committed to the LCGC’s requirements regarding the appointment of board members and their length of tenure. The findings provide evidence that boards in Libyan listed companies are carrying out their duties and responsibilities in accordance with internal regulations and laws, as well as the stipulations of the LCGC (2007). Furthermore, the stakeholder groups were broadly satisfied that board members are devoting sufficient time and effort to discharge these duties and responsibilities properly. This study helps to enrich our understanding and knowledge of the current practice of corporate boards as a significant mechanism of corporate governance (CG) by being the first to address the board of directors’ mechanism in Libyan listed companies.

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