In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo Characterization of Furosemide Bounded Pharmacosomes for Improvement of Solubility and Permeability

BackgroundCalcified cerebral emboli (CCEs) are a rare cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and are frequently associated with poor outcomes. The presence of dense calcified material enables reliable identification of CCEs using non-contrast CT. However, recanalization rates with the available mechanical thrombectomy (MT) devices remain low.ObjectiveTo recreate a large vessel occlusion involving a CCE using an in vitro silicone model of the intracranial vessels and to demonstrate the feasability of this model to test different endovascular strategies to recanalize an occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).MethodsAn in vitro model was developed to evaluate different endovascular treatment approaches using contemporary devices in the M1 segment of the MCA. The in vitro model consisted of a CCE analog placed in a silicone neurovascular model. Development of an appropriate CCE analog was based on characterization of human calcified tissues that represent likely sources of CCEs. Feasibility of the model was demonstrated in a small number of MT devices using four common procedural techniques.ResultsCCE analogs were developed with similar mechanical behavior to that of ex vivo calcified material. The in vitro model was evaluated with various MT techniques and devices to show feasibility of the model. In this limited evaluation, the most successful retrieval approach was performed with a stent retriever combined with local aspiration through a distal access catheter, and importantly, with flow arrest and dual aspiration using a balloon guide catheter.ConclusionCharacterization of calcified tissues, which are likely sources of CCEs, has shown that CCEs are considerably stiffer than thrombus. This highlights the need for a different in vitro AIS model for CCEs than those used for thromboemboli. Consequentially, an in vitro AIS model representative of a CCE occlusion in the M1 segment of the MCA has been developed.

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Formulation and Characterization of Nanosized Ethosomal Formulations of Antigout Model Drug (Febuxostat) Prepared by Cold Method: In Vitro/Ex Vivo and In Vivo Assessment

AAPS PharmSciTech ◽

10.1208/s12249-019-1556-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed A. El-Shenawy ◽

Wael A. Abdelhafez ◽

Ahmed Ismail ◽

Alaa A. Kassem

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Model Drug ◽

In Vivo Assessment

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Development and Characterization of Potential Ocular Mucoadhesive Nano Lipid Carriers Using Full Factorial Design

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12070682 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 682

Author(s):

Eszter L. Kiss ◽

Szilvia Berkó ◽

Attila Gácsi ◽

Anita Kovács ◽

Gábor Katona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Cell Junctions ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Corneal Toxicity ◽

Penetration Tests ◽

Full Factorial

Generally, topically applied eye drops have low bioavailability due to short residence time and low penetration of the drug. The aim of the present study was to incorporate dexamethasone (DXM) into nano lipid carriers (NLC), which contain mucoadhesive polymer, in order to increase the bioavailability of the drug. A 23 factorial experimental design was applied, in which the three factors were the polymer, the DXM, and the emulsifier concentrations. The samples were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and Span value. The significant factors were identified. The biocompatibility of the formulations was evaluated with human corneal toxicity tests and immunoassay analysis. The possible increase in bioavailability was analyzed by means of mucoadhesivity, in vitro drug diffusion, and different penetration tests, such as in vitro cornea PAMPA model, human corneal cell penetration, and ex vivo porcine corneal penetration using Raman mapping. The results indicated that DXM can be incorporated in stable mucoadhesive NLC systems, which are non-toxic and do not have any harmful effect on cell junctions. Mucoadhesive NLCs can create a depot on the surface of the cornea, which can predict improved bioavailability.

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MR imaging of model drug distribution in simulated vitreous

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2015-0059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 236-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandra Stein ◽

Christian Simroth-Loch ◽

Sönke Langner ◽

Stefan Hadlich ◽

Oliver Stachs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Innovative Therapy ◽

Age Related ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe in vitro and in vivo characterization of intravitreal injections plays an important role in developing innovative therapy approaches. Using the established vitreous model (VM) and eye movement system (EyeMoS) the distribution of contrast agents with different molecular weight was studied in vitro. The impact of the simulated age-related vitreal liquefaction (VL) on drug distribution in VM was examined either with injection through the gel phase or through the liquid phase. For comparison the distribution was studied ex vivo in the porcine vitreous. The studies were performed in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. As expected, with increasing molecular weight the diffusion velocity and the visual distribution of the injected substances decreased. Similar drug distribution was observed in VM and in porcine eye. VL causes enhanced convective flow and faster distribution in VM. Confirming the importance of the injection technique in progress of VL, injection through gelatinous phase caused faster distribution into peripheral regions of the VM than following injection through liquefied phase. VM and MR scanner in combination present a new approach for the in vitro characterization of drug release and distribution of intravitreal dosage forms.

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Characterization of human ovarian cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy using in vitro and ex vivo models.

10.22215/etd/1996-03371 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Wallace

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Human Ovarian Cancer

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Development and characterization of a novel human 3D model of bone metastasis from breast carcinoma in vitro cultured

Biomedical Science and Engineering ◽

10.4081/bse.2021.165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (s1) ◽

Author(s):

Deyanira Contartese ◽

Francesca Salamanna ◽

Veronica Borsari ◽

Stefania Pagani ◽

Maria Sartori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Metastasis ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

3D Model ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Ex Vivo Model ◽

Fresh Tissue ◽

Vertebral Bone ◽

Set Up

Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the skeleton causing significant morbidity. Here, we set-up a novel and advanced ex vivo model by using fresh tissue from human vertebral bone metastasis from breast carcinoma patients able to retain the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells heterogeneity.

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In vitro , ex vivo and in vivo characterization of PLGA nanoparticles loading pranoprofen for ocular administration

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 511 (2) ◽

pp. 719-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Cristina Cañadas ◽

Helen Alvarado ◽

Ana C. Calpena ◽

Amélia M. Silva ◽

Eliana B. Souto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Plga Nanoparticles ◽

In Vivo Characterization

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Ex vivo characterization and isolation of rare memory B cells with antigen tetramers

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2011-03-341917 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 348-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Bettina Franz ◽

Kenneth F. May ◽

Glenn Dranoff ◽

Kai Wucherpfennig

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

B Cell ◽

Single Cell ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Memory B Cells ◽

Cell Repertoire ◽

Low Frequencies

Abstract Studying human antigen-specific memory B cells has been challenging because of low frequencies in peripheral blood, slow proliferation, and lack of antibody secretion. Therefore, most studies have relied on conversion of memory B cells into antibody-secreting cells by in vitro culture. To facilitate direct ex vivo isolation, we generated fluorescent antigen tetramers for characterization of memory B cells by using tetanus toxoid as a model antigen. Brightly labeled memory B cells were identified even 4 years after last immunization, despite low frequencies ranging from 0.01% to 0.11% of class-switched memory B cells. A direct comparison of monomeric to tetrameric antigen labeling demonstrated that a substantial fraction of the B-cell repertoire can be missed when monomeric antigens are used. The specificity of the method was confirmed by antibody reconstruction from single-cell sorted tetramer+ B cells with single-cell RT-PCR of the B-cell receptor. All antibodies bound to tetanus antigen with high affinity, ranging from 0.23 to 2.2 nM. Furthermore, sequence analysis identified related memory B cell and plasmablast clones isolated more than a year apart. Therefore, antigen tetramers enable specific and sensitive ex vivo characterization of rare memory B cells as well as the production of fully human antibodies.

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