Urban Landscape: Essay of Definition of an Algerian Vernacular Style among Students in Architecture

By analyzing some cases this article exposes the contribution of Anthropology, and specially, Urban Anthropology to the characterization of what may or may not be a cultural good and its value as Heritage in the context of the urban landscape. As a matter of fact, here it is shown the application of the ethnographic method, with its "inside and close-by" regard and with the categories of turf, patch, route and circuit, developed along researches performed at the Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana (NAU/USP) [Urban Anthropology Nucleus]. Thus, our aim is to argument that this work brings forth new elements for a better definition of the many heritage modalities - be it Architectonic, Archeological, Historical, and mainly the so-called Immaterial or Intangible. Thereby a fecund dialogue is opened between Anthropology and the disciplines traditionally engaged with the fields of Heritage and Museology.

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Museums and the Public

The Public Historian ◽

10.1525/tph.2020.42.1.29 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 29-53

Author(s):

Na Li

Keyword(s):

Public History ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

The Public ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Museum Development ◽

Definition Of

Museums have grown exponentially in China in the span of approximately 110 years. How does one design an exhibit for a better-informed public? What kind of interpretive space is needed to engage the public? How do museums function as sites of public history? This article traces the genealogy of museum development in China, and argues that the birth of the modern museum in China is a product of the radicalism of the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. Embedded in the subsequent one hundred years of development are a changing definition of “public,” a remodeled idea of “history,” and an evolving relationship between museums and their public. Within this context, the “Museums and the Public: Urban Landscape and Memory” project explores how the public interprets history and landscapes through exhibits, and if or how the exhibits reflect their memories. The analysis raises three possibilities for museums in China.

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On the origin of spaces: Morphometric foundations of urban form evolution

Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science ◽

10.1177/2399808317725075 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 707-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jacob Dibble ◽

Alexios Prelorendjos ◽

Ombretta Romice ◽

Mattia Zanella ◽

Emanuele Strano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

New Towns ◽

High Rise ◽

Key Variables ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Way

The modern discipline of urban morphology gives us a ground for the comparative analysis of cities, which increasingly includes specific quantitative elements. In this paper, we make a further step forward towards the definition of a general method for the classification of urban form. We draw from morphometrics and taxonomy in life sciences to propose such method, which we name ‘urban morphometrics’. We then test it on a unit of the urban landscape named ‘Sanctuary Area’ (SA), explored in 45 cities whose origins span four historic time periods: Historic (medieval), Industrial (19th century), New Towns (post-WWII, high-rise) and Sprawl (post-WWII, low-rise). We describe each SA through 207 physical dimensions and then use these to discover features that discriminate them among the four temporal groups. Nine dimensions emerge as sufficient to correctly classify 90% of the urban settings by their historic origins. These nine attributes largely identify an area's ‘visible identity’ as reflected by three characteristics: (1) block perimeterness, or the way buildings define the street-edge; (2) building coverage, or the way buildings cover the land and (3) regular plot coverage, or the extent to which blocks are made of plots that have main access from a street. Hierarchical cluster analysis utilising only the nine key variables nearly perfectly clusters each SA according to its historic origin; moreover, the resulting dendrogram shows, just after WWII, the first ‘bifurcation’ of urban history, with the emergence of the modern city as a new ‘species’ of urban form. With ‘urban morphometrics’ we hope to extend urban morphological research and contribute to understanding the way cities evolve.

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PERCEIVING THE VOID AND THE LIVING BEING TO BUILD NEW ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY URBAN SPACES

Journal of Architecture and Urbanism ◽

10.3846/jau.2018.2024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Donatella SCATENA

Keyword(s):

Urban Landscape ◽

Physical Reality ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

The Gaze ◽

Holistic Concept ◽

The Subject ◽

Partial View ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Modern Experience ◽

Definition Of

The definition of perception concerns the awareness of a reality considered external to the subject. Even before architecture and landscape, other disciplines had already dealt with perception.In psychology, simultaneously with the discovery of the unconscious by Freud and Jung, the Gestalt theory was developed, with which we passed from an elementary conception of perception to its definition as the sum of interrelated actions organised between themselves, moving the perceptive act on a purely inner level.German psychologist Kurt Zadek Lewin has shown that social behaviours are an expression of an exchange between the personal places of life and the environment. This theory was essential to deal with the phenomena of open spaces.In the perception of the landscape, the fragmented and partial view gets overcame by the holistic concept of environment, which allows us to conceive the landscape as a whole.The observer’s topic and its perception concern the centrality of the landscape concept, as it is defined by the European Landscape Convention. For architects, the observational notion takes on crucial importance both in the relationship between nature and artificial, both in relation to the context of the urban landscape and of the city open spaces. The analysis of Gordon Cullen and Kevin Lynch appears to be significant. Their researches on the subjective representation of the environment have shown how it is possible to distinguish between an objective and physical reality of the territory and the architectural space, and the perception of the singular environmental reality and of the personal space.In the ‘50s the duality of object-observed-outer and perception-inner of the subject was examined by the writer Aldus Huxley in The Doors of Perception, in which he described an outer landscape that gets reflected and amplified in the inner landscape. The works of the great landscape painters are born exactly from this marriage between inner and outer.In 1988 the aesthetic madness of Huxley found a scientific basis in the person of Gilles Deleuze, who attempted, through a metaphor, to define the evolution of perception and of the modern experience in the metaphysics of the chaos.And it is here that Deleuze, and with him Leibniz, returns to that perceiving the outside world as a reflection of the inner world.Nowadays the holistic concept of perception and the multiplicity of the gaze are studied and proposed by the science of geography and by a new sense of the places.

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Italia 2090. Post-Urban/Super-Urban

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127401027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 274 ◽

pp. 01027

Author(s):

Laura Mucciolo

Keyword(s):

Test Bench ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Urban Context ◽

Continuous Movement ◽

Last Man ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Last Man ◽

Scientific Test

The significant put in crisis related to city, coupled to the renewed attention in confront of extra-urban context (inner territories), has rekindled the spotlights on countryside, as to semi-inhabited land, even to re-encode. This research is proposed to foreshadow a possible interpretative key on next future’s inhabit (under specific conditions), in the light of some visible changes which have already flourished in the Now, by using project as checking exercise of theorical research. Verona is scientific test bench, in which dualism city-countryside vanishes to the advancing of the wide and dense definition of «post-urban landscape». A vegetal-built basement, that radiates its tentacles in open/not-bound field, renewed cathedral protectress of life and evolution, structured (with project’s rules) with Super-Cartesian layers giving rise to a Hyper-rational mesh, jeopardized from obsessive and frequent interference. Chameleon monoliths, fixed objects in Continuous Movement as paradoxical reply to mutual adaptation’s dwelling, in which «not the strongest will survive, but the most suitable». This ability to adaptations is the key point on tomorrow’s questions, according to inhabiting as a form of «stamina», without that the rigid streamlining reduced dwelling to legislative and tabular count; but, going back to crucial questions involving, will always involve, the first and the last man. Psychedelic spatiality in which techè, shape and response line up in restless and controversial out-of-scales, as skeletal membranes. Super-Architectures, as total tool for life’s governance, unusual and redundant, last devices that translate culture and society’s knowledge.

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La ciudad y la estética: siete maneras de pensar la belleza = City and aesthetics: seven ways to think beauty

Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística ◽

10.20868/ciur.2018.121.3828 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sara González Moratiel

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Research Work ◽

Historical Narrative ◽

The One ◽

Definition Of ◽

Concept Of Beauty

Conscientes de la complejidad que supone adentrase en juicios sobre la calidad del paisaje urbano especialmente para una sociedad, como la actual, altamente desvinculada de su medio habitado, el trabajo de tesis doctoral precisó una revisión teórica sobre el papel heredado de la belleza en la formación histórica de las ciudades europeas. Dicho trabajo de investigación es el que aquí se presenta. En él se tratan las cuestiones de definición del concepto de belleza así como sus mutaciones en el plano teórico en paralelo al valor de “lo bello” en la ciudad desde finales de la Edad Media hasta la época contemporánea. Debido al carácter diverso de la belleza, las reflexiones se estructuran en un “espacio de pensamiento” entorno a siete categorías estéticas consideradas por Tatarkiewicz como variedades de belleza. Estas son: la aptitud, el ornamento, la atracción, la gracia, la sutileza, la sublimidad y el concepto de belleza dual. Mediante ejemplos históricos narrativos del espacio público (principalmente de plazas) según dichas categorías estéticas, se concluye que, ya sea desde su concepción amplia (sensu largo) o limitada (stricto sensu), la belleza ha ido acompañando a la formación histórica de las ciudades, al menos, en estos últimos ocho siglos.Abstract:Aware of the complexity involved in entering into judgments about the quality of the urban landscape especially for a society, such as the current one, highly disconnected from its inhabited environment, the doctoral thesis work required a theoretical review on the inherited role of beauty in training historic of European cities. This research work is the one presented here. It deals with the questions of definition of the concept of beauty as well as its mutations in the theoretical plane in parallel to the value of "the beautiful" in the city from the end of the Middle Ages to the contemporary era. Due to the diverse nature of beauty, the reflections are structured in a "space of thought" around seven aesthetic categories considered by Tatarkiewicz as varieties of beauty. These are: fitness, ornament, attraction, grace, subtlety, sublimity and the concept of dual beauty. Through historical narrative examples of public space (mainly squares) according to these aesthetic categories, it is concluded that, whether from its broad conception (long sensu) or limited (stricto sensu), beauty has been accompanying the historical formation of cities, at least, in these last eight centuries.

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Preservation of Conclusion Temple With "Historic Urban Landscape" Technique in The Islamic Indonesia University Environment

International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism ◽

10.32734/ijau.v3i1.775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rahmat Firdaus Bouty ◽

Arif Budi Sholihah ◽

Putu Ayu Pramanasari Agustiananda

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Campus Environment ◽

University Environment ◽

Restoration Techniques ◽

Definition Of ◽

Landscape Heritage ◽

The Temple

Mataram civilization is a Hindu-Buddhist civilization. In the ancient Mataram kingdom, many buildings or artifacts were built for ceremonies such as the temple. One of them is Kecah Temple or Pustakala Temple located in the Indonesian Islamic University (UII). The temple itself was built by a group of people around who were relics in the 9th - 10th century AD. This temple was discovered during the construction of the Library Building on December 9, 2009 which was then excavated by the Archaeological Heritage Preservation Hall (BP3K), in this temple there is a statue of God Ganesha which is interpreted as the god of intelligence and knowledge, which is very suitable for the Library Building gain knowledge. The existence of this temple is very guarded by the campus because UII is the only campus in Indonesia that has temples in the campus environment. However, this temple still lacks info about its original and historical name. The approach technique applied from the topic of "Urban Landscape Heritage" is the technique of preservation of Social Cohesion. In accordance with the definition of social cohesion, so that this building or temple can be maintained according to its function in the future, it is necessary to involve the opinions of visitors or respondents from the research. The research method used was observation and interviews of visitors to the library and the concluding temple museum to obtain statistical data and to study restoration techniques in the temple. The purpose of the study is to be able to find out information relating to the temple. Conclusion from the visitors about the concluding temple and review whether this temple is still suitable for use by Hindus as a ceremonial process or not. The results of the study can find a function of the Conclusion Temple which can be adapted to socio-cultural values so as to uphold tolerance of social values. Keyword: Kimpulan temple, Library, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Preservation.

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The Assessment of Density Bonus in Building Renovation Interventions. The Case of the City of Florence in Italy

Land ◽

10.3390/land10121391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1391

Author(s):

Fabrizio Battisti ◽

Orazio Campo

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Research Model ◽

Building Stock ◽

Public And Private ◽

Definition Of ◽

High Degree ◽

The City

The European Green Deal indicates the renovation of both public and private buildings as a key element for the improvement of energy efficiency in the building stock, in order to reach the goals of the document itself. New incentives, also including density bonus, can significantly contribute to foster diffuse actions. In Italy, the density bonus is under testing: the current framework has produced profitability for regeneration in some areas and unprofitability in others. This has led to a non-diffuse renewal, widening differences in richness and quality throughout territories subjected to the same reward measure. A territory is characterized by a high degree of typological and qualitative fragmentation and dissimilarity. Thus, the aim of the present work is the construction of a model that allows for identifying the entity of the reward measure in terms of density bonus. Density bonus can determine the feasibility of renovation interventions—in economic-financial terms and in relation to urban impact—taking into account the characteristics of the context (or micro-context) where they are performed. The research model is based on a Balance Sheet Model and is applied to the city of Florence. The model suggests an innovative approach where urban, landscape and environmental impacts produced by the density bonus are evaluated according to the economic amount needed for their mitigation. The expected results in the application of the model consist in the definition of an iso-bonus map organized by areas.

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GRAFFITI AS PART OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: INTERVENTIONS IN PUBLIC SPACE AND REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO THE CITY

Ethnic History of European Nations ◽

10.17721/2518-1270.2019.59.17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 100-103

Author(s):

Olga Hrytsiuk

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Right To The City ◽

Cultural Phenomenon ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Right ◽

The City ◽

New Look

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of graffiti and the definition of it’s place in a contemporary city. The author proposes to consider the attitude of citizens to art on walls in order of breaking the stereotype of graffiti as destructive cultural phenomenon. The idea of the article is to consider a new look on the phenomenon through the prism of such a thing as «the right to the city».

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Multicriteria Tools for the Implementation of Historic Urban Landscape

Quality Innovation Prosperity ◽

10.12776/qip.v21i1.792 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Antonia Gravagnuolo ◽

Luigi Fusco Girard

Keyword(s):

Impact Assessment ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

Cultural Value ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Evaluation Tools ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Definition Of

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview and critical outlook of current evaluation tools for the implementation of the UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, focusing on the need of multidimensional / multistakeholder evaluation and impact assessment to turn heritage / landscape into a driver of sustainable development.Methodology/Approach: We analyse the definition of Historic Urban Landscape comparing the thoretical mandate to current tools / practices. Based on literature review and critical analysis of recent experiences, we identify indicators categories and evaluation methods that can be applied for a reacher cost-benefit analysis.Findings: Indicators and evaluation methods for multidmensional impact assessment of conservation / regeneration are not applied in HUL recent initiatives and guidelines. Evaluation tools can be developed and tested to inform decision-making processes and to turn the cultural value of heritage / landscape into a resource able to attract investments. A framework for HUL impact assessment can be structured including wellbeing indicators and stakeholders analysis.Research Limitation/implication: New hybrid tools are proposed, providing a possible toolkit for evaluation. However, it needs further testing and implementation.Originality/Value of paper: This paper contributes to bridging the gap between the theoretical approach of the Historic Urban Landscape and its operative practice. The HUL approach has been generally acquired in the theoretical research, but its implementation is still sporadic, and unframed into urban regeneration policies. Evaluation tools are not incorporated in the HUL practices. This paper aims to advance the existing knowledge on evaluation tools to make operational the HUL approach.

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