scholarly journals Rethinking the Role of Experts and Expertise in Behavioural Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter John ◽  
Gerry Stoker
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Intuitive Reasoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Secure Foundation ◽  
Governmental Intervention ◽  
Intellectual Foundations ◽  
Behavioural Policy

Nudge and behavioural public policy tools have won support from governments across the world for improving the effectiveness of public interventions. Yet nudge still attracts strong criticisms for promoting paternalism and manipulation as legitimate government actions. To move beyond this divide, this paper offers a comprehensive reorientation, which is necessary because the intellectual foundations of the policy are at fault. A more secure foundation can be achieved by expanding the cognitive scope of behavioural policy, and ensuring that it does not rely on the narrow assumption that intuitive reasoning is flawed and that expert advice is always preferable. This shift in the cognitive range of nudge moves behavioural policy toward citizen reflection and initiative, pointing away from expert-led interventions. It amounts to more than incremental advances in nudge practice. As a result, nudge can escape the charge of not respecting individual autonomy. What we call 'nudge plus' would link more closely with other types of governmental intervention that embrace citizen involvement.

Causal Invariance as an Essential Constraint for Creating a Causal Representation of the World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia W. Cheng ◽  
Hongjing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Search Space ◽  
Causal Learning ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Intuitive Reasoning ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Causal Understanding ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
The World

This chapter illustrates the representational nature of causal understanding of the world and examines its implications for causal learning. The vastness of the search space of causal relations, given the representational aspect of the problem, implies that powerful constraints are essential for arriving at adaptive causal relations. The chapter reviews (1) why causal invariance—the sameness of how a causal mechanism operates across contexts—is an essential constraint for causal learning in intuitive reasoning, (2) a psychological causal-learning theory that assumes causal invariance as a defeasible default, (3) some ways in which the computational role of causal invariance in causal learning can become obscured, and (4) the roles of causal invariance as a general aspiration, a default assumption, a criterion for hypothesis revision, and a domain-specific description. The chapter also reviews a puzzling discrepancy in the human and non-human causal and associative learning literatures and offers a potential explanation.

scholarly journals The Role of Slovenian Local Government in the Wine Tourism Promotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-766
Author(s):  
Maja Žibert ◽  
Črtomir Rozman ◽  
Marjetka Rangus ◽  
Boštjan Brumen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Parts

Wine, viticulture, and winemaking are an important cornerstone of economic development, culture, and tourism. Especially in wine-growing parts of the world where symbols related to wine are used even as local or national symbols. Viticulture and its complementary branches are differently developed in different parts of the world – the predisposition of further development, however, is also influenced importantly by positions of different identification referential groups which they have towards the use of wine and further development of the profession. Based on the research of standpoints of the mayors in the Republic of Slovenia, which could be presented as “wine-growing country” with regards to the extent of the vine, we can assert that mayors with their relationship towards wine and their operations influence the use of local wine for the tourist promotion of destination importantly. According to that, we figure out that mayors play an important role in the development of “public policy” in the local environment. In the forming of the positions towards the use of wine for the promotion, the direct experiences are important, as well as the environment where the mayors come from and all identification elements in the sense of cultural heritage, tradition, and development of the branch.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ECONOMY AND POLICY NOWADAYS. ARTICLE 3. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN PUBLIC POLICY

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Article ◽  
Country Differences

The third and final article of the three-part series of articles «Artificial intelligence in the economy and politics of our time» (the first and second articles of the series were published in the fourth and fifth issues of the journal for this year, respectively) presents the results of a study of the goals, motivations and specifics of the adoption of national strategies to support the development of artificial intelligence in different countries. It is shown that such a strategy in Russia is based on the idea of the most important role of using artificial intelligence in solving the most complex economic, social, and military-political problems of the country. Differences in conceptual approaches to the development of research and practical use of artificial intelligence developments in the national strategies of the largest countries of the world — the United States, China and India.

scholarly journals John Haltiwanger: recipient of the 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Coad ◽  
Martin Andersson ◽  
Magnus Henrekson ◽  
Sarah Jack ◽  
Mikael Stenkula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Job Creation And Destruction

AbstractThe 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research has been awarded to Professor John Haltiwanger. John Haltiwanger has made significant contributions to the field of entrepreneurship by improving our understanding of job creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the role of small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in economic development. He has played a major role in the careful development of large, longitudinal firm-level datasets, and introduced a novel and widely adopted measure of firm growth that addresses previous statistical biases. His work has influenced public policy and national statistical offices around the world.

scholarly journals Economics, Public Policy, and Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Susan Rose-Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Some lawyers view the law as a self-contained body of wisdom independent of the contaminating influences of other branches of knowledge. Such lawyers resist efforts to combine law with economics. In doing so, the author argues that these lawyers miss an opportunity for gaining a deeper understanding of the way law works in the world. This article thus explores the relationship between economics as a methodology, public policy, and the law. The author first tackles the argument that the economist's concentration on efficiency is flawed because it is unconcerned with justice. The author then discusses the role of economics in light of collective decision-making found throughout society. Economics and the design of efficient regulatory schemes are also discussed, as well as in the comparative law context. It is argued that the intersection between the common law and economics must be widely accepted, even though it suffers from limitations in resolving difficult policy issues. Thus, the author concludes that economic analysis alone cannot be an all-purpose resolver of the problems of the modern capitalist welfare state. Nonetheless, economic frameworks remain useful for lawyerly thinking; law and economics must thus be joined by a broader range of subjects, including political science and public administration. 

scholarly journals E-Commerce in Singapore and Indonesia: Comparison of Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Sahya Anggara ◽  
Zang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
New Media ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Comparative Public Policy ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
Asean Countries

New media is a term that refers to products and services that provide information/entertainment using computers or the internet. The emergence of new media also encourages other activities that people usually do in a conventional way to the cyber world. Doing business is one example. Electronic commerce, or also known as e-commerce, is a trading method that uses the internet. Nowadays, e-commerce has become a trend in the world. Comprehensive regulations are needed to manage this activity. This paper will try to describe a comparative public policy on e-commerce in the two ASEAN countries, Singapore and Indonesia. We will see differences in e-commerce development in both countries, and attention to the role of governments as decision-makers in both countries.

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