scholarly journals From tools to toolkits in policy design studies: the new design orientation towards policy formulation research

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Howlett ◽  
Ishani Mukherjee ◽  
Jun Jie Woo
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Design Orientation

International Real Estate Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Piyush Tiwari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Housing Expenditure

Housing policy formulation should be informed by a careful understanding of the behaviour of the housing market, as reflected by housing demand. Such basic information is important, not only for improved project design but also for the development of better sector-wide policies. Housing is a complex outcome of cultural, economic and regulatory environment. Consistent estimates of price and income elasticity of housing demand are prerequisites for effective policy design. Results, from earlier studies on Japanese housing markets, are inconclusive and the estimates of price and income elasticity of housing demand vary over a wide range. It may be argued that measuring the volume of housing services as housing expenditure, as is done in previous research, essentially ignores the heterogeneity, and for large number of policy purposes like impact of tax on tenure choice, choice between owning and renting etc., the distribution of housing consumption into qualitatively different categories is of more interest than an aggregate qualitative measure of housing expenditure alone. This paper analyzes the demand for housing in Tokyo using a discrete choice model. Three dimensions of choice, tenure, dwelling size (as number of rooms) and structure type (as type of unit) determine demand for housing which are modeled simultaneously. The income elasticity of market share of ownership house is positive and ranges between 0.16 to 0.34. However, income elasticity for rental houses is negative ranging between -0.17 to -0.57. The own price elasticities vary over a large range from -0.03 to -5.1 with smaller in magnitude for ownership houses and larger for rental houses.

Personal Information Policies in the United States and Britain: The Dilemma of Implementation Considerations

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla M. Regan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Implementation Stage

ABSTRACTThis article examines how issues of policy implementation affected the formulation and adoption of personal information policies in the United States and Britain. The analysis suggests that when implementation questions are raised during policy formulation, programmatic goals will be compromised to the interests bureaucracies have in implementation. In this case, the goal of protecting the privacy of personal information was sacrified to an implementation framework that protected bureaucratic needs. This poses a dilemma for policy analysts: when implementation questions are left unresolved in policy design, bureaucratic concerns dominate the implementation stage; yet, when implementation questions are resolved in policy design, bureaucratic concerns dominate the formulation stage.

Policy formulation redesigned: A new understanding of policy design and its implications for instruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
Arnošt Veselý
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Prescriptive Literature ◽  
The Right

Despite the fact that our knowledge on how policies are designed has substantially improved during the last two decades, prescriptive literature on policy formulation remains largely disconnected from these new findings. The article examines five major assumptions upon which policy formulation is still predominantly based: (a) there is one way policies are and should be formulated; (b) effective formulation of policies is more about the right application of methods than of the substance of a policy domain; (c) policy formulation is about choosing from mutually exclusive alternatives; (d) problem definition has priority over problem solution; (e) there is a clear distinction between policy formulation, adoption and implementation. This article shows why these assumptions are outdated and that they lead to many practical problems in the teaching of policy analysis. It is argued that policy formulation guidelines and training in policy formulation should be based on current policy design scholarship that stresses, for instance, the importance of local knowledge, deep understanding of actors’ perspectives and the need to formulate policy packages. The article concludes with preliminary recommendations on how to move forward, illustrated with concrete examples from practice.

Convergence and Divergence in ‘New Governance’ Arrangements: Evidence from European Integrated Natural Resource Strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HOWLETT ◽  
JEREMY RAYNER
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Governance Arrangements

To analyse convergence and divergence in Natural Resource New Governance Arrangements (NRNGAs) two regimes in the environmentally-related areas of forest and fisheries management are examined. The findings reveal limited convergence across sectors and countries in the general aims and ideas behind NGAs and evidence of significant policy divergence in the tools and mechanisms created for their implementation. The reasons for the differences lie primarily in the policy formulation process. While the impetus for the adoption of both NRNGAs is in the international and regional realms, without the force of either international law or competitive advantage, pressure for convergence is weak. Aspects of the policy formulation process, especially the manner in which the changing capacities of domestic public and private actors active in the affected resource policy arena interact to influence policy design, are critical for explaining policy convergence and divergence. Specifically, the interplay between the effect of the internationalization of resource policy issues, tending to increase private capacities at the expense of the public one, and the declining importance of primary industries, which has the reverse effect, is shown to have played an important role in NRNGA policy dynamics.

scholarly journals Framing Sustainability. Evidence from Participatory Forums to Taylor the Regional 2030 Agenda to Local Contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4435
Author(s):  
Maria Stella Righettini
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Participatory Assessment ◽  
Sustainability Governance ◽  
Sustainability Policy

The present article introduces an original theoretical framework to investigate how public participation reframes governmental sustainability topics along four dimensions: exploration, prioritization, embedding, and integration. The literature highlights public participation as a strategic sustainability governance tool that can help governments extract local communities’ knowledge to better design policy. In light of this, the article proposes the participatory assessment grid (PAG) to assessing participatory contribution to framing sustainability. The present study adopts a topic detection method to gauging and comparing qualitatively and quantitatively the seven Veneto region participatory forums’ output. In so doing, the article tests the PAG and highlights the bottom-up contribution to the sustainability strategic plan formulation within the regional 2030 Agenda design. As the analysis reveals, participatory forums’ communicative content gives several potential contributions to government policy formulation that are drivers both to enhance public engagement and improve sustainability policy design.

scholarly journals Fiscal stimuli and consolidation in emerging market economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Chugunov ◽  
Mykola Pasichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Government

The Great Recession has imposed vital limitations on the policy maker’s ability to react to further economic challenges. In this article, the authors set a purpose to assess the expediency and the size of fiscal consolidation or expansionary measures for countries with emerging markets depending on economic dynamics. The data on the episodes of large changes in fiscal policy, representing both fiscal stimuli and consolidation in Ukraine and in the EU countries with emerging market economies from 2001 to 2017, were evaluated. The authors examined the main reasons of fiscal policy’s volatility and its impact on economic growth. The countries with low and medium level of institutional framework for fiscal policy formulation could face permanent deficit and public debt problem. Episodes of expansionary fiscal adjustments based on government revenues cuts and spending increases were more effective compared with those that were entirely based on spending increases. Empirical investigation showed that successful fiscal consolidation measures obligatory included the government primary spending reduction. In those cases, the budget deficit-to-GDP and public debt-to-GDP ratios were declined. Medium-term priorities to develop the methodical bases of fiscal policy design were justified.

scholarly journals Policy Design and Non-Design: Towards a Spectrum of Policy Formulation Types

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Howlett ◽  
Ishani Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Logical Process

Public policies are the result of efforts made by governments to alter aspects of behaviour—both that of their own agents and of society at large—in order to carry out some end or purpose. They are comprised of arrangements of policy goals and policy means matched through some decision-making process. These policy-making efforts can be more, or less, systematic in attempting to match ends and means in a logical fashion or can result from much less systematic processes. “Policy design” implies a knowledge-based process in which the choice of means or mechanisms through which policy goals are given effect follows a logical process of inference from known or learned relationships between means and outcomes. This includes both design in which means are selected in accordance with experience and knowledge and that in which principles and relationships are incorrectly or only partially articulated or understood. Policy decisions can be careful and deliberate in attempting to best resolve a problem or can be highly contingent and driven by situational logics. Decisions stemming from bargaining or opportunism can also be distinguished from those which result from careful analysis and assessment. This article considers both modes and formulates a spectrum of policy formulation types between “design” and “non-design” which helps clarify the nature of each type and the likelihood of each unfolding.

scholarly journals New Multilevel Partnerships and Policy Perspectives on Active Ageing in Italy: A National Plan of Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9585
Author(s):  
Francesco Barbabella ◽  
Eralba Cela ◽  
Claudia Di Matteo ◽  
Marco Socci ◽  
Giovanni Lamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Policy Makers

Active ageing (AA) policies aim to improve quality of life of older people by enabling better social participation and inclusion. Despite many international initiatives to promote AA undertaken in recent years, Italy did not systematically address this policy challenge until very recently. This paper presents the first national Plan-of-Action (PoA) (2019–2022) adopted by this country for supporting policy design and recommendation in this field. The PoA aims to create a multilevel, co-managed coordination of AA policies, by involving a network of national and regional policy makers, experts, researchers and stakeholders in civil society. The ad-hoc consultation process established for this purpose helps the recognition of different interests and expectations on AA, fostering new solutions by involvement, consultation and joint discussion of policy options. The PoA is designed to cover the traditional policy cycle, including the stages of agenda setting, policy formulation, decision-making, implementation and monitoring. At the end of the period covered by the PoA, an Italian AA Strategy will be launched to achieve systematic impact in this field, thus ensuring a long-term, sustainable impact on national and regional policy makers, civil society and research community.

scholarly journals Designing Global Public Policies in the Twenty-First Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 436-452
Author(s):  
Meng-Hsuan Chou ◽  
Pauline Ravinet
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
First Century ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Global Public Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Initiatives ◽  
Domestic Level

The rise of global initiatives in many policy sectors is an emerging phenomenon that deserves the attention of scholars interested in international relations, regional integration, and policy sciences, as well as practitioners seeking comparative examples beyond their national and regional borders. This chapter demonstrates the value-added of the design orientation in studying this phenomenon and the implications for the contemporary delivery of public services and goods. It begins by describing three waves of policy design studies and their insights for unpacking the relationship between instrument design and intended outcomes. The overview reveals a notable feature of the extant policy design approach: its empirical preoccupation with domestic-level developments, which inform but confine theory development. This chapter introduces the analytical steps required to operationalize policy design insights in examining global public policy and transnational administration. In so doing, it calls for a new metaphor for policy design that would incorporate the beyond-the-state dimension.

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