Ethnicity and race: from essentialism to constructionism

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-78
Author(s):  
Sandra Torres
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Ethnicity And Race ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents the ways in which understandings of ethnicity and race have evolved, and what characterises the different perspectives on these social positions that are available (i.e. essentialism/ primordialism, structuralism/ circumstantialism and constructionism). In doing so, this chapter maps out what these different perspectives mean to how we make sense of the impact that ethnicity and race have in our lives, and explains why some scholars refer to ethnicity and race as background variables, while others regard them as social positions, locations or identification grounds. In doing so this chapter problematizes what previous research on the intersection of ethnicity/ race and ageing/ old age has shown as far as the understandings of ethnicity and race that inform this scholarship.

Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Cecilia Godoi Campos ◽  
Josélia OA Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of early life factors on cognitive function in old age: The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽  
Simon Øverland ◽  
A David Smith ◽  
Arnstein Mykletun ◽  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
The Impact

People aged 60 and over - a challenge and an opportunity for the Polish social policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
Józef Młyński
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In an ageing society, over-60s’ problems take an important place in the social policy. The State should be prepared for various implications, both positive and negative, of the ageing of the population, and should treat the potential problems of citizens as a challenge and an opportunity for the development of social policy, and within its framework, the policy aimed at the senior citizens. The senior citizens, by all means, constitute an important age group. This type of policy should be focused on both early and late old age people, addressing their different needs and expectations. This article attempts to show the challenges and the role of social policy addressed to the seniors, both at the early and late old age, especially at the local community level. The impact of the article is analysed in the three dimensions described, i.e. a brief outline of the ageing of the population from a demographic perspective, social policy towards seniors at the early and late old age, the challenge the 60 and over pose to the local policy versus their resources.

scholarly journals An audit: fitness to drive assessment in inpatients of general adult and old age psychiatry

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S200-S201
Author(s):  
Ismail Khan ◽  
Nneamaka Asiodu ◽  
Dr Divyanish ◽  
Anum Yaqoob ◽  
Hasanain Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Good Medical Practice ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Duty To Inform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Health Screening

AimsTo determine if fitness to drive is assessed on admission and discharge, if applicable, and for this to be documented during clerking and on discharge notifications.To determine if patients are being educated about the impact of their condition on the ability to safely drive.To ascertain if patients are aware of the duty to inform the DVLA if they for any reason are not fit to drive.BackgroundRisk factors include social, behavior and iatrogenic factors such as social withdrawal, increased likelihood of substance abuse and side effects of anti-psychotic medication.MethodThis trust wide audit involved the random sampling of a total of 71 case notes, 4 case notes per Consultant team in general adult psychiatry and old age psychiatry across Dudley and Walsall sites (total of 3 sites). A data collection tool was developed and included relevant questions regarding fitness to drive. Data were collected between October and December 2019.Result18/49 patients had physical health screening prior to medication initiation.ConclusionAn important aspect of good medical practice is to educate patients about their condition, this includes their fitness to drive as this can be affected both by their diagnosis and medication. It is clear that clinicians also need to be educated about this responsibility to ensure assessment is performed especially on inpatient discharge.

scholarly journals The Precipitous Decline in Reasoning and Other Key Abilities with Age and Its Implications for Federal Judges

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Alan S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Federal Judiciary ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Federal Judges ◽  
The Impact

U. S. Supreme Court justices and other federal judges are, effectively, appointed for life, with no built-in check on their cognitive functioning as they approach old age. There is about a century of research on aging and intelligence that shows the vulnerability of processing speed, fluid reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory to normal aging for men and women at all levels of education; even the maintained ability of crystallized knowledge declines in old age. The vulnerable abilities impact a person’s decision-making and problem solving; crystallized knowledge, by contrast, measures a person’s general knowledge. The aging-IQ data provide a rationale for assessing the key cognitive abilities of anyone who is appointed to the federal judiciary. Theories of multiple cognitive abilities and processes, most notably the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model, provide a well-researched blueprint for interpreting the plethora of findings from studies of IQ and aging. Sophisticated technical advances in test construction, especially in item-response theory and computerized-adaptive testing, allow for the development of reliable and valid theory-based tests of cognitive functioning. Such assessments promise to be a potentially useful tool for evaluating federal judges to assess the impact of aging on their ability to perform at a level their positions deserve, perhaps to measure their competency to serve the public intelligently. It is proposed that public funding be made available to appoint a panel of experts to develop and validate an array of computerized cognitive tests to identify those justices who are at risk of cognitive impairment.

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