Controlling the Line: Exploitation and Sanctions

County Lines ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 143-178
Author(s):  
Simon Harding
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Criminal Exploitation ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter investigates how county line managers employ strategic and tactical actions to control their lines to keep them active and thriving: first, through exploitation and; second, via the County Line Control Repertoire, which provides multiple tactical sanctions for county line operatives to control the line. Exploitation by street gangs and organised crime networks is UK-wide. Within county lines, exploitation of both adults and young people is fundamental to all county line business models and is essential to achieving the profit margins making county line models a profitable enterprise. Child criminal exploitation within county lines can include grooming and selection, recruitment, running drug lines, interlay carrying drugs, hiding or carrying weapons, and money laundering. The chapter then considers the role of gender, with detailed insight into the exploitation, intimidation, and violence now ever-present in county lines via issues such as debt bondage.

Emerging Role of Technology in Health Education for Youth

2016 ◽  
pp. 1447-1464
Author(s):  
Amir Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Current State ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Insight Into

The Information Technology (IT) produces significant impact on the emotional and social health of young people. It is obvious that IT is playing an increasingly important part in people's lives. This chapter reviews the current state of youth health and the role of digital landscapes in health education of youth. The chapter also provides insight into how youth, particularly youth of color, use technology to learn, communicate, and discuss various health-related issues. Specific technology needs and usage patterns are identified and success of various initiatives of use of technology for health educations is assessed. Various implications and recommendations are provided for optimizing technology use in young people health education.

scholarly journals Street-connectedness and education in Kenya: Experiences of formal schooling as rationale for inclusive pedagogies of practice

Prospects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Su Lyn Corcoran ◽  
Lillian Aoko Awimbo ◽  
Kelvin Mugwanga ◽  
Irene Atieno Aluoch
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on street-connectedness and inclusive education, presenting original research findings from two Kenyan studies. Both studies aim to understand street-connected young people’s experiences of education. The first focused on transitioning from the street into education or training, to explore the challenges of making that transition. The second focused on young people who had lived on the street for extended periods of time and were still there at the time of data generation. Both studies generated significant insight into (a) education as motivating initial migrations to the street, (b) the role of fear, embarrassment, and shame in preventing young people from going (back) into formal education, and (c) how acceptance and support are key to overcoming feelings of not belonging and other challenges when transitioning from the street into school. The article provides empirical evidence that should be considered when planning inclusive education provision for street-connected young people globally.

Overseas financial investigation of organised crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Brown ◽  
Samantha Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the problems that arise when undertaking a financial investigation that involves tracing assets in foreign jurisdictions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a qualitative study of the role of financial investigation in tackling organised crime. This was based on interviews with investigating officers, financial investigators and Crown Prosecution Service representatives associated with 60 cases. Of the 60 cases, 36 were found to have an international dimension. Findings – The study found a number of problems with undertaking overseas financial investigations. These included problems with the letter of request process, difficulties tracking assets in some countries and problems with tracing funds transferred through money service bureaux. Informal contact on a police-to-police basis was generally considered an effective means of improving the quality of information received. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on just 60 cases of organised crime in which financial investigation was used. The extent to which these findings can be generalised to other cases is unclear. Practical implications – The study highlights the most common obstacles to overseas financial investigation that should be addressed. In addition, the importance of informal contact with overseas police jurisdictions may highlight a means of improving requests for assistance. Originality/value – This paper provides an important insight into the views of operational staff undertaking overseas financial investigations and as such highlights the particular difficulties in this work.

Teens and Territory in 'Post-Conflict' Belfast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into

This book provides a timely and necessary response to the neglect of the perceptions and experiences of young people growing up in ‘post conflict’ societies using Belfast as a case study. Despite a great deal of research on the social, economic and political consequences of sectarianism in Northern Ireland, few studies have examined young people’s attitudes to and experiences of territory. We still know relatively little about how young people relate to concepts such as space, place and territory in divided societies. This book addresses this vacuum. By presenting a detailed rich ethnographic account of how teenagers living in segregated localities in Belfast access and use local and city centre space, the book contributes to knowledge about the role of young people in both sustaining conflict and overcoming divisions. Teenagers’ spatial practices provide insight into how the regenerated, rebranded, repacked, ‘post conflict’ city is experienced, perceived, negotiated and imagined by a group whose voices are often absent or regarded as peripheral. While the book presents a case study of Belfast, its appeal is not limited to those interested in Ireland. Rather, through this detailed case study, the book aims to address wider questions concerning the role of young people in politically contested societies. The book underlines the need to take on board young people’s ways of seeing and contributes to knowledge about appropriate ways to engage young people in research.

Old horizons of organised-white collar crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Dobovšek ◽  
Boštjan Slak
Keyword(s):  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the interconnectivity between the economic sphere, governance and organised crime and to shed light on the role of white-collar crime and show that constant redefining of the term “organised crime” has certain downfalls. Design/methodology/approach – Methods of analysis and examination of relevant domestic and foreign primary and secondary resources and legal acts are used. The paper is theoretical in nature, as review of literature was the main method used for our argumentation. Findings – The term and phenomena of organised crime have now long enjoyed the attention of many researchers, institutions, policymakers and others. And yet, in this quest for unification, proper definition and classification, it seems that we have somewhat strayed from that original idea of what organised crime represented in the period when this term was first coined. Unfortunately, by doing so, we failed to include the most dangerous forms of behaviour, i.e. (some, not all!) white-collar crime, which falls within the scope of organised crime. Practical implications – Despite the fact that ideas presented in this paper belong to the old masters of criminology, they have lately been slightly forgotten. The paper is therefore useful to those who are interested in seeing how original ideas about the nature of organised crime are applicable today. Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into the somewhat overlooked scholarship of those who deal with organised crime and white-collar crime.

scholarly journals The Immortal Regiment March on Instagram as a Means of Civic and Patriotic Education of Young People

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
И.А. Ушанова ◽  
А.С. Шустров
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Diversity ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Virtual Events ◽  
Insight Into

В статье исследуется роль социальных сетей, в частности Instagram, в развитии гражданской и цифровой активности молодежи. В условиях пандемии коронавируса вовлеченность молодежи в гражданские онлайн-мероприятия приобретает особое значение. Instagram не предоставляет данных о возрасте пользователей, однако, ориентируясь на среднестатистического пользователя, можно рассматривать эту сеть как важный информационный ресурс для молодежи. Вовлечение в гражданские акции происходит в Instagram как через популярные сообщества, так и посредством воздействия постов влиятельных медиаперсон. Основной целью исследования является выявление авторитетных информационных источников и медиаперсон в сети Instagram, влияющих на социальную активность молодежи в гражданском обществе. Эмпирическим материалом исследования являются сообщества, хештеги и тексты постов в Instagram, отражающие установки россиян в отношении ежегодной гражданской акции «Бессмертный полк». Анализ цифровых следов в Instagram на примере потока «Бессмертный полк» позволяет выявить, каким образом пользователи воспринимают данную гражданскую инициативу, кто из блогеров является лидером общественного мнения в данном тематическом кластере. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки концептуальных основ гражданского образования студентов и школьников в условиях информационного многообразия. The article investigates the role of social networks, Instagram in particular, on the development of young people’s civic engagement in the digital age. The coronavirus pandemic has increased young peoples civic engagement in an online environment. Instagram doesn’t provide insight into its users’ ages, but average Instagram users are young people, therefore the social media is an important information resource for young people. Young people are engaged in virtual events via popular communities and via posts published by prominent media people. The goal of the research is to investigate authoritative information resources and media people in Instagram that can influence young people’s social activities in civil society. The research investigates Instagram communities, hashtags and texts posted on Instagram and reflecting Russian people’s attitudes to the annual Immortal Regiment March. The analysis of digital footprint left by the Immortal Regiment discussions enables the authors of the article to investigate young people’s perception of this civic event and to find out which bloggers are considered authoritative. The results of the research can be used to develop the conceptual framework for students’ and school children’s civic education in the conditions of information diversity.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of CSR

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-223
Author(s):  
Ewa Barbara Wójcik ◽  
Katarzyna Olejko
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
New Business ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Further Development ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
Insight Into

The increasingly important role of sustainability issues and CSR in business activity has been widely recognized. In order to promote socially responsible decisions, changes in the macro- and micro-environment should be examined. The study offers insight into different aspects of CSR and defines those whose importance is growing, discusses trends, reasons for the state of affairs, and formulates conclusions of possible effects. The focus is on ethical values, in particular trust, and their changing perception which may lead to new business models strengthening and further development.

scholarly journals Peer groups, street gangs and organised crime in the narratives of adolescent male offenders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Ashton ◽  
Anna Bussu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gang Involvement ◽  
Criminal Exploitation ◽  
Criminal Groups

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how young people who offend with others define delinquent and criminal groups and consider the social risk factors associated with gang membership and criminal exploitation. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 15 young people who were purposively sampled from a group of 14- to 17-year-old males who had been identified as at risk of gang involvement and referred to a community-based programme. Using a social identity framework, a thematic analysis was undertaken to investigate how the participants viewed their role in offending as part of a group. Findings The participants identified peer groups, street gangs and the involvement of adult criminals as distinct categories of offending groups. Unlike prior models for gang involvement, some members of the sample were involved in multiple groups to perform different categories of crime. Importantly, participants displayed an awareness of exploitation and described successful exit strategies from criminal groups. Research limitations/implications Understanding how young people who are involved in delinquent behaviour and offending define gang and group offending. Practical implications The implications for gang and group offending prevention and intervention programmes are discussed. Originality/value The literature on child criminal exploitation and UK drug markets is in its infancy. This paper offers further evidence for the processes of joining and leaving delinquent and criminal groups.

scholarly journals Working County Lines: Child Criminal Exploitation and Illicit Drug Dealing in Glasgow and Merseyside

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Robinson ◽  
Robert McLean ◽  
James Densley
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Drug Dealing ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Criminal Exploitation ◽  
Recent Developments

This article explores recent developments within the U.K. drug market: that is, the commuting of gang members from major cities to small rural urban areas for the purpose of enhancing their profit from drug distribution. Such practice has come to be known as working “County Lines.” We present findings drawn from qualitative research with practitioners working to address serious and organized crime and participants involved in street gangs and illicit drug supply in both Glasgow and Merseyside, United Kingdom. We find evidence of Child Criminal Exploitation (CCE) in County Lines activity, often as a result of debt bondage; but also, cases of young people working the lines of their own volition to obtain financial and status rewards. In conclusion, we put forward a series of recommendations which are aimed at informing police strategy, practitioner intervention, and wider governmental policy to effectively address this growing, and highly problematic, phenomenon.

Emerging Role of Technology in Health Education for Youth

2016 ◽  
pp. 374-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Current State ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Insight Into

The Information Technology (IT) produces significant impact on the emotional and social health of young people. It is obvious that IT is playing an increasingly important part in people's lives. This chapter reviews the current state of youth health and the role of digital landscapes in health education of youth. The chapter also provides insight into how youth, particularly youth of color, use technology to learn, communicate, and discuss various health-related issues. Specific technology needs and usage patterns are identified and success of various initiatives of use of technology for health educations is assessed. Various implications and recommendations are provided for optimizing technology use in young people health education.

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