Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Frances C. Galt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Television History ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter establishes the original contribution of the book by addressing why this research is necessary, where it sits within the existing literature and how this research has been conducted. Firstly, this chapter illustrates the timeliness of the book with reference to women’s renewed activism against sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the film and television industries and in the trade union movement. Secondly, this chapter explains the rationale for its focus and establishes the three central themes which underpin the book’s analysis of the relationship between women and trade unions in the British film and television industries: the operation of a gendered union structure, women’s union activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Thirdly, this chapter surveys existing literature in the fields of Women’s Labour History, Industrial Relations Scholarship and Women’s Film and Television History. Fourthly, this chapter details the methodological approach of this project, which combines archival research with oral history. Finally, this chapter outlines the structure of the book.

scholarly journals Researching around our subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-188
Author(s):  
Frances C. Galt
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Television History ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
Union Activism

This article explores the opportunities and obstacles of researching women’s trade union activism in the British film and television industries between 1933 and 2017. The surviving material on women’s union participation is incomplete and fragmented, and so my research has combined an examination of archival material—the union’s journal and the meeting minutes, correspondence and ephemera of three iterations of its equality committee—with new and existing oral history interviews. Sherry J. Katz has termed this methodological approach “researching around our subjects”, which involves “working outward in concentric circles of related sources” to reconstruct women’s experiences (90). While “researching around my subjects” was a challenging and time-consuming process, it was also a rewarding one, producing important insights into union activism as it relates to gender and breaking new ground in both women’s labour and women’s film and television history. This article concludes with a case study on the appointment of Sarah Benton as researcher for the ACTT’s Patterns report in 1973, revealing the benefits of this methodological approach in reconstructing events which have been effectively erased from the official record.

“Regrettably up-to-date”

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances C. Galt
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Feminist Film ◽  
The Relationship

Patterns of Discrimination against Women in the Film and Television Industries, a report issued in 1975 by the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians (ACTT), was a seminal document on gender discrimination in the workplace. Upon its publication, it was heralded as “by far the most comprehensive and informed to have been produced within the trade union movement so far” by feminist film scholar and activist Claire Johnston. However, by the time of the ACTT's first Women's Conference six years later, in 1981, Gillian Skirrow described the report as “regrettably up-to-date,” indicating that little had changed. This article examines the relationship between women and the ACTT between 1968 and 1981 to situate the report in historical context.

Catalysts for Change, 1960–75

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-102
Author(s):  
Frances C. Galt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
New Left ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Union Structure

This chapter analyses the relationship between women and the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians (ACTT) between 1960 and 1975 to identify the catalysts for the establishment of the Committee on Equality (COE) in 1973 and the demand for an investigation into gender discrimination in the film and television industries, which culminated in the publication of the Patterns of Discrimination Against Women in the Film and Television Industries report in 1975. Firstly, this chapter considers whether the ‘roots’ of women’s militancy evident in the labour movement during the 1960s (Boston, 2015) can be identified within the ACTT between 1960 and 1968. Secondly, this chapter argues that the emergence of the New Left and women’s liberation movement and industrial militancy in Britain between 1968 and 1973 encouraged women to challenge the gendered union structure of the ACTT. This section particularly highlights the significance of the London Women’s Film Group to women’s activity within the ACTT. Finally, this chapter investigates the activity of the COE between 1973 and 1975, considering: the demands advanced by women activists at the ACTT’s 1973 Annual Conference, the logistics of the investigation, the obstacles to women’s activity, and the function of women’s separate self-organisation.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

scholarly journals Analisa Dan Pengaruh Metode Hubungan Industrial Terhadap Penyelesaian Perselisihan Di Serikat Pekerja Sektoral Kota Cilegon Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Udi Iswadi ◽  
Mahfudoh Haerani
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstrak - Hubungan merupakan tindakan yang saling mempengaruhi antar pihak, saling memberi manfaat guna mencapai tujuan, hubungan dapat dikatakan pula sebuah representasi kegiatan yang dilandasi keinginan untuk saling memberi dan memenuhi keperluan masing-masing pihak. Keselarasan akan timbal balik pada sebuah hubungan yang sesuai menghasilkan kedekatan dan kenyamanan antar pihak. Konsep sebuah hubungan didasari oleh faktor internal dan eksternal organisasi atau perusahaan. Sedangkan hubungan yang terjadi dalam perusahaan yaitu hubungan Industrial, dimaknai sebuah metode dalam menyelesaikan persoalan yang timbul di antara pengusaha dan pekerjanya. Hal yang diselesaikan sudah barang tentu adalah perselisihan. Pelaksanaan metode penelitian dalam pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner. Jumlah populasi yang digunakan yaitu 35 serikat pekerja atau dengan jumlah pekerja sebanyak 5.860 pekerja sebagai populasi dari serikat pekerja sektoral yang tergabung dengan Federasi Serikat Pekerja Sektoral Kimia di kota Cilegon. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode hubungan Industrial yang efektif dipakai maka harus ditentukan jenis perselisihannya terlebih dahulu, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan perselisihan kepentingan kecenderungannya akan diselesaikan ditingkat hubungan Industrial bipatride. Adapun perselisihan yang banyak diselesaikan peneliti melihat waktu kejadiannya seperti perselisihan upah maka akan banyak muncul di awal tahun. Sedangkan untuk melihat seberapa kuat korelasi yang didapat antara Variabel Metode Hubungan Industrial terhadap Penyelesaian Perselisihan, maka hasil perhitungan Uji Korelasi Product Moment r hitung 0,920, dapat dikatakan bahwa pengaruhnya Sangat Kuat. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa variabel Metode Hubungan Industrial mempengaruhi variabel Penyelesaian Perselisihan sebesar 84,6% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lainnya. Nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05, diartikan bahwa pengaruh Variabel Metode Hubungan Industrial (X) terhadap Penyelesaian Perselisihan (Y) signifikan. Dari perhitungan ttabel diperoleh nilai 1,987. Berdasarkan kriteria pengujian hipotesis terhadap nol (Ho), yaitu Ho ditolak jika thitung > ttabel. Diperoleh thitung  5,458 > ttabel 1,987 maka Hipotesis nol (Ho) di tolak, dan menerima Hipotesis alternatif (Ha). Dalam penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa “Terdapat Pengaruh Metode Hubungan Industrial terhadap Penyelesaian Perselisihan di Serikat Pekerja Sektoral Kimia Kota Cilegon Tahun 2019”. Dengan regresi sebagai berikut : Ÿ = 20,710 + 1,010 X.      Abstract - Relationship is an act of mutual influence between parties, mutually beneficial to achieve goals, the relationship can also be said to be a representation of activities based on the desire to give and meet the needs of each party. Alignment of reciprocity in an appropriate relationship results in closeness and comfort between parties. The concept of a relationship is based on internal and external factors of the organization or company. While the relationships that occur within a company that is industrial relations, is interpreted as a method of solving problems that arise between employers and their workers. The matter that was resolved was naturally a dispute. The implementation of research methods in collecting data in the form of a questionnaire. The population used is 35 trade unions or with a total of 5,860 workers as a population of sectoral trade unions that are members of the Federation of Chemical Sector Trade Unions in the city of Cilegon. For know, how effective industrial relations methods are used, the type of dispute must be determined first. In this study, it was found that disputes over the interests of fraud will be resolved at the bipartite industrial relations level. As for the disputes that many researchers have resolved, seeing when it occurs, such as wage disputes, many will appear at the beginning of the year. To see how strong the correlation obtained between the Industrial Relations Method Variables on Dispute Resolution, the results of the Product Moment Correlation Test r count of 0.920, it can be said that the effect is very Strong. This shows that the Industrial Relations Method variable affected 84.6% Dispute Resolution while the rest was influenced by other factors. The Sig. 0,000 <0.05, which means that the effect of the Industrial Relations Method Variable (X) on Dispute Settlement (Y) is significant. From the ttable calculation, the value is 1.987. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria for zero (Ho), i.e. Ho is rejected if tcount> ttable. Obtained tcount 5.458> t table 1.987 then the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, and accepted the alternative hypothesis (Ha). In this study, it can be concluded that "There is an Effect of the Industrial Relations Method on the Settlement of Disputes in the Chemical Sectoral Trade Unions of Cilegon City in 2019". With the regression as follows: Ÿ = 20,710 + 1,010 X.

The mediating role of entrepreneurial ambition in the relationship between entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial drive for female nascent entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Randi L. Sims ◽  
Ravi Chinta
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
White Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Using Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation as a theoretical basis, this study aims to test the relationship between female entrepreneurial efficacy, entrepreneurial ambition and nascent entrepreneurial drive, accounting for the potential barriers of race and minority disadvantage. Design/methodology/approach The sample included 950 respondents comprising 213 Black women and 737 White women living in the state of Alabama, USA, who expressed an intention to starting their own business. Findings The results indicate that race and perceptions of minority disadvantage are perceived barriers in the mediated relationship between female entrepreneurial efficacy, entrepreneurial ambition and entrepreneurial drive. However, the findings suggest that, unlike race, minority disadvantage is not perceived as a significant factor in the mediated relationship between entrepreneurial confidence, entrepreneurial ambition and entrepreneurial drive. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this study include the lack of an experimental design and the use of cross-sectional data. Practical implications Results are discussed in terms of the context of the history of racial and gender discrimination within the state of Alabama, USA. Social implications The results show that the direct effects of minority disadvantage on entrepreneurial ambition are significantly higher for the Black women compared with the White women in our sample. Originality/value The results of this study show that the direct effects of minority disadvantage on entrepreneurial ambition are significantly higher for the Black women compared with the White women. For the subgroup of Black women, the greater the perception of minority disadvantage, the greater the entrepreneurial ambition reported.

Othering Honor-Based Violence: The Perspective of Antiviolence Operators in Northern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Marina Della Rocca ◽  
Dorothy Louise Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women's Shelters ◽  
Women’S Shelters ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, so-called honor-based violence has become a major issue for the operators of the women's shelters in South Tyrol (Northern Italy) that support women who have suffered from domestic violence. The antiviolence operators who work in the women's shelters generally relate this form of violence to the experiences of young migrant-origin women. In this article, we discuss the operators' definitions of honor-based violence, which present a variety of dichotomous categories that reveal a process of othering and evoke the lexicon of the international conventions on gender discrimination and gender-based violence. Indeed, some traces of an essentialist understanding of culture are still recognizable in this lexicon, most of all in the relationship of culture with the concept of honor. We conclude by identifying possible ways to overcome the risk of essentialization in the antiviolence operators' practices, suggesting how to redefine them by incorporating the migrant-origin women's perspectives and stressing the significance of this study for a wider understanding of the women's empowerment in the advocacy work of the women's shelters.

scholarly journals Adaptare și imitație în romanele "No Time Like the Present", de Nadine Gordimer și „Vremea Minunilor", de Cătălin Dorian Florescu / Adaptation and mimicry in the novels “No Time Like the Present”, by Nadine Gordimer and “Vremea minunilor”, by Florescu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Simina Pîrvu
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Order ◽  
Nadine Gordimer ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

In a series of lectures in 1994, Nadine Gordimer remarks the different status of Africa which is no longer at the edge of the empire, but on the contrary, in the center of it. In this respect, post-apartheid Africa has rebuilt its national identity on the background of global events that write universal history, offering citizens the chance to escape their country's constraints and bring important key elements in the globalization process. Thus, replacing apartheid themes in a new country is an extreme task by the applicant. Some of the favourite subjects of the "old guard" are the following: the importance of multiculturalism in post-apartheid South Africa, the writer's status, vulgarisation of violence due to mass-media, reconciliation with a violent past and their economic and cultural implications, the fight against AIDS, sexual emancipation, globalization and loss of cultural and national identity, uprooting, migration and economic exile which replaced major pre-existing concerns about violence, racial and gender discrimination, the relationship between literature and politics, or the role of ethics in literature. The same situation can be applied to eastern countries. Even though they were not "postcolonial" in the classical sense of the term, applicable to the former British, French, Spanish, Portuguese or Dutch colonies, the "post-communist transition" through which they passed included the disarmament of a certain political and economic "occupation". People had to adapt to the new order, to the new reality, which was a complex process, a difficult one, that implied, many times, exile. Therefore, the purpose of my argument is to present what consequences can occur at the psychological level because of the attempt of adaptation of the characters to the new social and political order, by imitation, postcolonial and post-communist context. And here comes the question: does imitation facilitate adaptation? Although the logical answer would be yes, we will notice, by discussing the two texts, exactly the opposite.

scholarly journals Enterprise Accountants, Managerial Status And Gender Salaries

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Bird ◽  
J. Harrison McCraw ◽  
John R. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Management Accountants ◽  
Managerial Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports on the relationship between salary and a set of explanatory variables for a sample of enterprise (management) accountants. In order to conduct the analysis, a sample was drawn from a large southeastern chapter of the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Based upon human capital theory and gender research, different groups of variables are regressed against salary for the 1) sample as a whole; 2) for those enterprise accountants with management status; and 3) for those enterprise accountants without managerial status. Each of the three hypotheses is partially supported. In addition, gender discrimination appears to be limited to non-managers.

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