scholarly journals Source rock and shale oil potential of the Pabdeh Formation (Middle–Late Eocene) in the Dezful Embayment, southwest Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
B. Alizadeh ◽  
A. Opera ◽  
M. Kalani ◽  
M. Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Dezful Embayment ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Pabdeh Formation ◽  
Southwest Iran

The Pabdeh Brown Shale Unit (BSU) is an organic-rich calcareous mudstone within the Paleogene Pabdeh Formation, which has not yet been investigated in detail. A total of 166 core and cutting samples were selected from four wells in the Dezful Embayment to investigate the organic geochemical and the mineralogical compositions, as well as the shale oil potential of the BSU. XRD results show that it is mainly comprised of calcite (53wt.%), clay minerals (25wt.%), and quartz (14wt.%). TOC contents generally range from 1 to 9wt.% (avg. 4.2, 2.9, 5.2 and 3.3wt.%, for GS, KR, RR and RS wells, respectively) with HI values ranging between 400 and 650 mg HC/g TOC. Based on average values of T max and vitrinite reflectance, as well as saturate biomarker ratios, the BSU is immature at wells RR and RS (ranging from 0.3 to 0.53%) and its maturity increases northward at wells KR and GS (ranging from 0.5% to 0.67%). The organic matter is dominated by Type ΙΙ kerogen and is generally composed of liptinite and amorphous material with minor terrestrial input. Based on various biomarker parameters, the organic matter was most likely deposited under anoxic marine conditions. The mineralogical characteristics (i.e. presence of brittle minerals) and organic geochemical properties (i.e. TOC 2wt% and Type II kerogen) support the conclusion that the Pabdeh BSU displays a considerable shale oil potential where it attains appropriate thermal maturity. 

scholarly journals Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Amalia Spina ◽  
Simonetta Cirilli ◽  
Andrea Sorci ◽  
Andrea Schito ◽  
Geoff Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Zagros Basin ◽  
Thermal Alteration ◽  
Uv Fluorescence ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Southwest Iran ◽  
Microraman Spectroscopy

This study focuses on the thermal maturity of Permian deposits from the Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran, employing both optical methods (Thermal Alteration Index, Palynomorph Darkness Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, UV Fluorescence) and geochemical analyses of organic matter (Rock Eval Pyrolysis and MicroRaman spectroscopy) applied to the Faraghan Formation along two investigated Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan surface sections. Furthermore, an integrated palynofacies and lithofacies analysis was carried out in order to integrate the few studies on the depositional environment. The Faraghan Formation, which is widely distributed in the Zagros area, generally consists of shale intercalated with sandstones and pebble conglomerates in the lower part, followed by a succession of sandstone, siltstone and shaly intercalations and with carbonate levels at the top. The integrated palynofacies and lithofacies data confirm a coastal depositional setting evolving upwards to a shallow marine carbonate environment upwards. Rock Eval Pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance analysis showed that the organic matter from samples of the Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan sections fall in the mature to postmature range with respect to the oil to gas generation window, restricting the thermal maturity range proposed by previous authors. Similar results were obtained with MicroRaman spectroscopy and optical analysis such as Thermal Alteration Index and UV Fluorescence. Palynomorph Darkness Index values were compared with Rock Eval Pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance values and discussed for the first time in the late stage of oil generation.

scholarly journals The Role of Organic Matter on Uranium Precipitation in Zoovch Ovoo, Mongolia

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Rallakis ◽  
Raymond Michels ◽  
Marc Brouand ◽  
Olivier Parize ◽  
Michel Cathelineau
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Uranium Deposit ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Organic Matter Type ◽  
Clay Layers

The Zoovch Ovoo uranium deposit is located in East Gobi Basin in Mongolia. It is hosted in the Sainshand Formation, a Late Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoir, in the lower part of the post-rift infilling of the Mesozoic East Gobi Basin. The Sainshand Formation corresponds to poorly consolidated medium-grained sandy intervals and clay layers deposited in fluvial-lacustrine settings. The uranium deposit is confined within a 60- to 80-m-thick siliciclastic reservoir inside aquifer driven systems, assimilated to roll-fronts. As assessed by vitrinite reflectance (%Rr < 0.4) and molecular geochemistry, the formation has never experienced significant thermal maturation. Detrital organic matter (type III and IV kerogens) is abundant in the Zoovch Ovoo depocenter. In this framework, uranium occurs as: (i) U-rich macerals without any distinguishable U-phase under SEM observation, containing up to 40 wt % U; (ii) U expressed as UO2 at the rims of large (several millimeters) macerals and (iii) U oxides partially to entirely replacing macerals, while preserving the inherited plant texture. Thus, uranium is accumulated gradually in the macerals through an organic carbon–uranium epigenization process, in respect to the maceral’s chemistry and permeability. Most macerals are rich in S and, to a lesser extent, in Fe. Frequently, Fe and S contents do not fit the stoichiometry of pyrite, although pyrite also occurs as small inclusions within the macerals. The organic matter appears thus as a major redox trap for uranium in this kind of geological setting.

Hydrocarbon Generative Properties and Maturity of Cretaceous and Eocene Sediments in the Middle Kura Depression, Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Khosrov Akhundov ◽  
Mushfig Farhad Tagiyev ◽  
Arastun Ismail Khuduzade ◽  
Natig Namig Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Reflectance Data

Abstract Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary cover in the Middle Kura depression located between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountain structures contains numerous oil accumulations. According to studies in the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata, sedimentary organic matter is of mixed clastic-marine origin. Moderate amounts of organic matter have been recorded in the Eocene sediments (on average 0.70%), in the Upper and Lower Cretaceous average values made up 0.39% и 0.42%, respectively. Analysis of bitumoid composition suggests that in a number of areas bitumoids have experienced a widespread movement across the sedimentary strata. The results of measurements on isolated samples indicate that the Cretaceous strata have only advanced to the initial hard-coal stage of organic transformation (0.48-0.55%Ro). On vitrinite reflectance data the Eocene deposits in studied areas of the Middle Kura depression have reached initial (brown-coal) stage of catagenetic transformation (±0.48Ro%; est. paleotemperature of 85°C). Nonetheless, analysis of formation conditions of commercial HC accumulations found earlier in the Eocene strata allows considering them the most prospective in the Middle Kura depression.

scholarly journals MINERALOGY AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF BOTTOM ASH SAMPLES FROM AGIOS DIMITRIOS POWER PLANT, GREECE

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kantiranis ◽  
Α. Georgakopoulos ◽  
A. Fiiippidis ◽  
A. Drakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition

Four bottom ash samples from the Power Units of the Agios Dimitrios Power Plant were studied by the method of PXRD to determine their semi-quantitative mineralogical composition. Their organic matter content was calculated by a wet chemical process. Also, the loss on ignition was measured. The samples are constituted mainly of calcite, quartz and feldspars, while micas, clays, gehlenite and portlandite were determined in a few samples in smaller quantities. The amorphous material varied between 10-43 wt. %, while organic matter varied between 5-42 wt. %. Measurements of the loss on ignition overestimate the unburned lignite contents in the bottom ash samples. The management of bottom ashes with high contents of unburned lignite should differ to that of the fly ashes. The oxidation of the inorganic compounds of the unburned lignite may lead to environmental degradation of the landfill areas. Samples showing lower values of organic matter are suitable for a series of uses, such as: snow and ice control, as an aggregate in lightweight concrete masonry units,as a raw feed material for portland cement, as an aggregate in cold mix emulsified asphalt mixes, base or sub-base courses, or in shoulder construction. Systematic study of the unburned lignite of bottom ashes is needed for possible re-combustion.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTISOLS OF SASAMBA AREA, EAST KALIMANTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
B.H. Prasetyo ◽  
N. Suharta ◽  
Subagyo H. ◽  
Hikmatullah Hikmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Phosphate Fixation

Ultisols are a major group of marginal soils extensively found in the upland area of Indonesia. To better understand the potential of the Ultisols developed from claystone and sandstone in the Sasamba Integrated Economical Development Area in East Kalimantan, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of 27 Ultisols pedons consisting of 76 topsoil and 118 subsoil samples were investigated. Besides analysis and interpretation of data, relationships of several soil characteristics were constructed using simple regression. The results indicated that Ultisols showed acid to very acid reaction, had low content of organic matter and low base saturation. Soils generally exhibited net negative charge, and the point of zero charge was reached at pH 3.6. Both potential and available phosphates were low, and there was a trend that amorphous aluminum was responsible for phosphate fixation. The low content of exchangeable potassium in topsoil and subsoil indicated a positive correlation with potential potassium. Clay mineral was composed chiefly of kaolinite, with small amounts of illite, vermiculite, and quartz. The domination of kaolinite and low organic matter content causes the soils to have low cation exchange capacity. Soil management in this area should be focused on building up and maintaining soil fertility, and applying appropriate soil conservation techniques to minimize erosion. To obtain sustained productivity, various soil amendments including the use of farm and/or green manure, liming with agricultural lime, and application of rock phosphate and K fertilizers were highly recommended.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Peatland Lakes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3059
Author(s):  
Diogo Folhas ◽  
Armando C. Duarte ◽  
Martin Pilote ◽  
Warwick F. Vincent ◽  
Pedro Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Thermokarst lakes result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost and are widespread across northern landscapes. These waters are strong emitters of methane, especially in permafrost peatland regions, where they are stained black by high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the present study, we aimed to structurally characterize the DOM from a set of peatland thermokarst lakes that are known to be intense sites of microbial decomposition and methane emission. Samples were collected at different depths from three thermokarst lakes in the Sasapimakwananisikw (SAS) River valley near the eastern Hudson Bay community of Kuujjuarapik–Whapmagoostui (Nunavik, Canada). Samples were analyzed by spectrofluorometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and elemental analysis. Fluorescence analyses indicated considerable amounts of autochthonous DOM in the surface waters of one of SAS 1A, indicating a strong bioavailability of labile DOM, and consequently a greater methanogenic potential. The three lakes differed in their chemical composition and diversity, suggesting various DOM transformations phenomena. The usefulness of complementary analytical approaches to characterize the complex mixture of DOM in permafrost peatland waters cannot be overlooked, representing a first step towards greater comprehension of the organic geochemical properties of these permafrost-derived systems.

scholarly journals Application of the Fractal Method to the Characterization of Organic Heterogeneities in Shales and Exploration Evaluation of Shale Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Liangwen Yao ◽  
Xiaofei Fu ◽  
Bo He ◽  
Longhui Bai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Box Counting Dimension ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The first member of the Qingshankou Formation, in the Gulong Sag in the northern part of the Songliao Basin, has become an important target for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration. The organic-rich shale within this formation not only provides favorable hydrocarbon source rocks for conventional reservoirs, but also has excellent potential for shale oil exploration due to its thickness, abundant organic matter, the overall mature oil generation state, high hydrocarbon retention, and commonly existing overpressure. Geochemical analyses of the total organic carbon content (TOC) and rock pyrolysis evaluation (Rock-Eval) have allowed for the quantitative evaluation of the organic matter in the shale. However, the organic matter exhibits a highly heterogeneous spatial distribution and its magnitude varies even at the millimeter scale. In addition, quantification of the TOC distribution is significant to the evaluation of shale reservoirs and the estimation of shale oil resources. In this study, well log data was calibrated using the measured TOC of core samples collected from 11 boreholes in the study area; the continuous TOC distribution within the target zone was obtained using the △logR method; the organic heterogeneity of the shale was characterized using multiple fractal models, including the box-counting dimension (Bd), the power law, and the Hurst exponent models. According to the fractal dimension (D) calculation, the vertical distribution of the TOC was extremely homogeneous. The power law calculation indicates that the vertical distribution of the TOC in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation is multi-fractal and highly heterogeneous. The Hurst exponent varies between 0.23 and 0.49. The lower values indicate higher continuity and enrichment of organic matter, while the higher values suggest a more heterogeneous organic matter distribution. Using the average TOC, coefficient of variation (CV), Bd, D, inflection point, and the Hurst exponent as independent variables, the interpolation prediction method was used to evaluate the exploration potential of the study area. The results indicate that the areas containing boreholes B, C, D, F, and I in the western part of the Gulong Sag are the most promising potential exploration areas. In conclusion, the findings of this study are of significant value in predicting favorable exploration zones for unconventional reservoirs.

Accumulation Factors Analysis of Coal-Bearing Strata Shale Gas in Qinshui Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Yan Bin Wang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Jing Jing Fan ◽  
Pei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Qinshui Basin ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Organic Matter Type ◽  
Organic Matter Abundance

The Shanxi and Taiyuan formations in Permo-Carboniferous of upper Paleozoic Erathem of Qinshui Basin, not only has abundant coal and CBM resources, also has a lot of shales. By analyzing the shale thickness, organic matter type, organic matter abundance, vitrinite reflectance, mineral composition of the Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata, considered that the shale thickness of coal-bearing strata in the Qinshui Basin is larger, the organic matter abundance is general, but maturity is high and full of rich brittle mineral. It is in favor of late fracturing.

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