Chlorine in Water Disinfection

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1731-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend Galal-Gorchev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
By Products

Disinfection of drinking-water is one of the main achievements of our time in the protection of public health. The use of chlorine for the destruction of microbiological pathogens is essential to protect the public from outbreaks of waterborne disease. Chlorine, as well as other disinfectants, produces a variety of chemical by-products. The risk from the presence of microbial pathogens in drinking-water is estimated to be several orders of magnitude greater than the risk from chlorination by-products. Any efforts to control these by-products must not compromise the microbiological quality of drinking-water.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of well water from Koprivnica-Križevci County in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Sanja Furmeg ◽  
Lana Feher Turković ◽  
Ana Mojsović-Ćuić ◽  
Vesna Jaki Tkalec ◽  
Maja Kiš
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Well Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Private Wells

In this study, microbiological quality of drinking water deriving from the private wells from Koprivnica-Križevci County was investigated. A total of 287 samples from different locations were collected during 2018 and analysed for the following microbiological parameters: total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria at 36 °C and 22 °C. The results showed that 24 % of the analysed water samples were of unsatisfactory microbiological quality, with high incidence of faecal contamination. Well water is still the main source of drinking water for many residents of this County, especially in its rural parts, so continuous monitoring and disinfection of drinking water deriving from private wells is of exceptional importance for the public health.

scholarly journals A survey of the microbiological quality of private water supplies in England

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RUTTER ◽  
G. L. NICHOLS ◽  
A. SWAN ◽  
J. DE LOUVOIS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli

Results from statutory testing of private water supplies in nine Public Health Laboratories in England were compiled, and the effects of supply class, source, treatment and location on water quality were examined. A total of 6551 samples from 2911 supplies was examined, over a 2-year period, of which 1342 (21%) samples, and 949 (33%) supplies on at least one occasion, failed current regulations for Escherichia coli. Total coliforms, including E. coli, were detected in 1751 (27%) samples from 1215 (42%) supplies. The percentage of samples positive for E. coli was highest in summer and autumn, and lowest in winter. Samples taken from larger supplies and from boreholes were less frequently contaminated than those from other sources. Chlorination, filtration or UV light treatment improved the bacteriological quality of supplies, but still resulted in a low level of compliance with the regulations. The public health implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Higiene Sanitasi dan Kualitas Bakteriologis Depot Air Minum di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Siti Annisah Nur Saidah ◽  
Umi Rahayu ◽  
Khambali Khambali
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Public Health Office ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Water is one of the essential substance that needed by all living creature, especially human, to fulfill their need of hydration. The drinkable water must be qualified from chemical, physical, and biological requirement. This research aims to evaluate sanitary hygiene and bacteriological quality of drinking water depot in Balong sub district, Ponorogo Regency. The type of this research was descriptive research. The observed population was fourteen drinking water depot in Balong Sub district, Ponorogo Regency. The observed sample was the same as the observed population which was fourteen drinking water depot. The result of fourteen drinking water depot showed that the sanitary hygiene of the production place did not meet the requirements (78.57%), the sanitary hygiene of the production equipment did not meet the requirements (100%), the hygiene manager did not meet the requirements (92.86%). 7.14% of drinking water depot was included in the category did not meet the requirements, and the bacteriological quality were qualified (100%). It is recommended that drinking water depot manager can improve drinking water depot facilities and get used to healthy life. Public health office must also facilitate laboratories used to support supervision and inspection also provide funds for conducting laboratory tests of drinking water samples. The public health center need to be more active in carrying out the monitoring of environmental health inspections, sampling and sample checking. Keywords: sanitary hygiene; bacteriological quality; drinking water depot ABSTRAK Air merupakan salah satu zat yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup salah satunya adalah manusia sebagai pemenuhan kehidupan seperti minum. Oleh karena itu air yang dikonsumsi harus memenuhi syarat kimia, fisika, dan biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi higiene sanitasi dan kualitas bakteriologis depot air minum di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh depot air minum isi ulang yang ada di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo yang berjumlah 14 depot air minum. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel populasi sebanyak 14 depot air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 14 depot air minum, higiene sanitasi tempat produksi pada 78.57% dalam kategori tidak memenuhi syarat. Sedangkan higiene sanitasi peralatan, dari total 14 depot air minum keseluruhan dalam kategori memenuhi syarat (100%). Higiene penjamah 92.86% tergolong kategori tidak memenuhi syarat. 7.14% air baku depot air minum termasuk dalam kategori tidak memenuhi syarat, untuk kualitas bakteriologis air hasil produksi menunjukkan 100% depot air minum termasuk dalam kategori memenuhi syarat.Disarankan pengelola depot air minum bisa memperbaiki fasilitas depot air minum dan membiasakan hidup sehat. Dinas Kesehatan juga harus memfasilitasi laboratorium yang digunakan dalam mendukung pengawasan dan pemeriksaan serta menyediakan biaya untuk melakukan uji laboratorium sampel air minum, dan pihak puskesmas lebih aktif untuk melakukan pengawasan dan pemantauan inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan, pengambilan sampel, dan pemeriksaan sampel. Kata kunci: hygiene; sanitasi; kualitas bakteriologis; depot air minum

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

Microbiological quality of residues from drinking water preparation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Würzer ◽  
A. Wiedenmann ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Detection Limits

In Germany the application of procedures such as flocculation and filtration in the preparation of drinking water results in the annual production of an estimated 500,000 t of sediments and sludges. Some of these residues have a potential for being reused, for example in agriculture, forestry, brickworks or waste water treatment. To assess the microbiological quality of residues from waterworks methods for the detection of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, poliovirus, Ascaris suis eggs and Cryptosporidium have been evaluated regarding their detection limits and were applied to various residues from German waterworks. Results show that sediments and sludges may contain pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protista. When residues from waterworks are intended to be reused in agriculture or forestry the microbiological quality should therefore be considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Education for Public Health: A Practical Foundation for Solidarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Perkiö ◽  
R Harrison ◽  
M Grivna ◽  
D Tao ◽  
C Evashwich
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Education is a key to creating solidary among the professionals who advance public health’s interdisciplinary mission. Our assumption is that if all those who work in public health shared core knowledge and the skills for interdisciplinary interaction, collaboration across disciplines, venues, and countries would be facilitated. Evaluation of education is an essential element of pedagogy to ensure quality and consistency across boundaries, as articulated by the UNESCO education standards. Our study examined the evaluation studies done by programs that educate public health professionals. We searched the peer reviewed literature published in English between 2000-2017 pertaining to the education of the public health workforce at a degree-granting level. The 2442 articles found covered ten health professions disciplines and had lead authors representing all continents. Only 86 articles focused on evaluation. The majority of the papers examined either a single course, a discipline-specific curriculum or a teaching method. No consistent methodologies could be discerned. Methods ranged from sophisticated regression analyses and trends tracked over time to descriptions of focus groups and interviews of small samples. We found that evaluations were primarily discipline-specific, lacked rigorous methodology in many instances, and that relatively few examined competencies or career expectations. The public health workforce enjoys a diversity of disciplines but must be able to come together to share diverse knowledge and skills. Evaluation is critical to achieving a workforce that is well trained in the competencies pertinent to collaboration. This study informs the pedagogical challenges that must be confronted going forward, starting with a commitment to shared core competencies and to consistent and rigorous evaluation of the education related to training public health professionals. Key messages Rigorous evaluation is not sufficiently used to enhance the quality of public health education. More frequent use of rigorous evaluation in public health education would enhance the quality of public health workforce, and enable cross-disciplinary and international collaboration for solidarity.

Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of drinking water disinfection by-products

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Plewa ◽  
Yahya Kargalioglu ◽  
Danielle Vankerk ◽  
Roger A. Minear ◽  
Elizabeth D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
By Products
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