scholarly journals Fluorous methods for synthesis and separation of organic molecules

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1649-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Parallel Synthesis ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Fluorous Tag

Fluorous molecules partition out of an organic phase and into a fluorous (highly fluorinated) phase in a liquid-liquid extraction. New fluorous techniques allow simple yet substantive separations of organic reaction mixtures based on the presence or absence of a fluorous tag. Fluorous-tagged molecules can also be separated from nontagged molecules by solid phase extraction over fluorous reverse-phase silica gel. This technique is ideal for solution-phase parallel synthesis because it allows simple yet substantive separations of organic reaction mixtures.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Mi ◽  
Jiangtao Su ◽  
Xiangyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Target

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.

The Benefits and Limitations of Methods Development in Solid Phase Extraction: Mini Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfahana Abd-Talib ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Aidee Kamal Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Over recent years, there has been an explosive growth of sample preparation techniques. Sample preparation is in most cases meant to be the isolation online or offline concentration of some components of interest or target analytes. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a very popular technique nowadays in sample preparation. The principal is quite similar with liquid- liquid extraction (LLE) which involves partition of solutes between two phases. But, there are some differences between them and some benefits and limitations of difference types of SPE technique like presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Freitas-Lima ◽  
Flavia Isaura Santi Ferreira ◽  
Carlo Bertucci ◽  
Veriano Alexandre Júnior ◽  
Sônia Aparecida Carvalho Dreossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard

<p>Levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug (AED) with favorable pharmacokinetic profile, is increasingly being used in clinical practice, although information on its metabolism and disposition are still being generated. Therefore a simple, robust and fast liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography method is described that could be used for both pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) purposes. Moreover, recovery rates of LEV in plasma were compared among LLE, stir bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Solvent extraction with dichloromethane yielded a plasma residue free from usual interferences such as commonly co-prescribed AEDs, and recoveries around 90% (LLE), 60% (SPE) and 10% (SBSE). Separation was obtained using reverse phase Select B column with ultraviolet detection (235 nm). Mobile phase consisted of methanol:sodium acetate buffer 0.125 M pH 4.4 (20:80, v/v). The method was linear over a range of 2.8-220.0 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were studied at three concentrations; relative standard deviation was less than 10%. The limit of quantification was 2.8 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. This robust method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from patients with epilepsy and therefore might be used for pharmacokinetic and TDM purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites in Swine Tissues by Liquid Chromatography

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Shen ◽  
Yue Yhang ◽  
Suxia Zhang ◽  
Shuangyang Ding ◽  
Xinhua Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Swine Tissue ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Sensitive Method

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of metronidazole (MNZ), ronidazole (RNZ), dimetridazole (DMZ), and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (DMZOH) in swine tissue. After extraction with ethyl acetate and evaporation, the nitroimidazoles were redissolved in hydrochloric acid. Hexane was used in the liquid–liquid extraction to remove fat. An Oasis® HLB solid-phase extraction was performed after neutralization of the acidic extract. The limits of detection were 1.0–2.0 μg/kg for DMZOH, MNZ, RNZ, and DMZ in muscle and liver. Average recoveries ranged from 80.1 to 83.9% in muscle fortified at 10, 20, and 50 μg/kg; average re-coveries in liver ranged from 78.9 to 82.3%. The procedure provides a simple and sensitive method for monitoring DMZOH, MNZ, RNZ, and DMZ residues in swine tissues.

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