Indeterminacy, Incompleteness, Indecision, and Other Semantic Phenomena

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Incompleteness ◽  
Indeterminacy Thesis ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Shed Light

This paper explores the relationships between Davidson's indeterminacy of interpretation thesis and two semantic properties of sentences that have come to be recognized recently, namely semantic incompleteness and semantic indecision. More specifically, I will examine what the indeterminacy thesis entails for sentences of the form ‘By sentence S (or word w), agent A means that m’ and ‘Agent A believes that p.’ My primary goal is to shed light on the indeterminacy thesis and its consequences. I will distinguish two kinds of indeterminacy that have very different sources and very different consequences. But this does not purport to be an exhaustive study: there may well be other forms of indeterminacy that this paper does not address.I will first explain the phenomena of semantic incompleteness and semantic indecision, and then explore their relationships with the indeterminacy thesis.

La repoblación del área sur de la Navarrería en 1321. Estudio pormenorizado de la planificación urbana tras su destrucción en 1276

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Arrizabalaga
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Shed Light

RESUMEN En este artículo se pretende aportar luz a las preguntas de por qué, cuándo y cómo se llevó a efecto el trazado urbano de la renacida ciudad de la Navarrería. Se trata de un exhaustivo estudio que ha profundizado en todos los registros de pagos de rentas, cartas, privilegios y libros de fuegos relacionados con estos primeros vecinos que la repoblaron. El análisis de datos históricos se completa con el estudio de la planimetría de la ciudad actual, una realidad física que se ha conservado bastante bien, aun sufriendo alteraciones que hoy permanecen invisibles. El resultado es sorprendente, ya que relaciona el presente con los primeros repobladores que levantaron sus edificaciones. LABURPENA Artikulu honetan, birjaiotako Nabarreriako hiri trazatua zergatik, noiz eta nola egin zen azaltzen da. Azterlan sakona da: hiria birpopulatu zuten bizilagunen errenta-ordainketen erregistro, gutun, pribilegio eta su-liburuetan murgildu da. Datu historikoen azterketa osatzeko, gaur egungo hiriaren planimetria aztertu da ere. Errealitate fisiko hori nahiko ondo kontserbatu da, nahiz eta gaur egun ikusezin dauden aldaketa batzuk jasan. Emaitza harrigarria da, orainaldia lotzen baitu haien etxeak berreraiki zituzten lehenengo biztanle haiekin. ABSTRACT This article aims to shed light on the questions as to why, when and how the urban layout of the reborn borough of the Navarrería was put into effect. This is an exhaustive study that has explored all the records of the payment of rents, charters, privileges and books of hearths (homes) related to these first inhabitants to repopulate it. The analysis of the historical data is completed with the study of the planimetry of the present-day city, a physical reality that has been quite well conserved, although there have been alterations that remain invisible today. The result is surprising, as it relates the present with the first people to resettle there and erect its buildings.

Salafismus / salafiyya als historische Reformbewegung und ihr Einfluss auf islamische Strömungen der Gegenwart

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-209
Author(s):  
Amrei Sander
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractInitially Salafism/salafiyya was an Islamic reform movement that developed in contrast to the tradition of law schools and to Sufism. It was not only fed by different sources, but its contents were also adopted and appropriated by different Islamic movements of the present. This article intends to sketch the historical development and shed light on the multi-faceted movements that adopted basic contents from the salafiyya.

scholarly journals Medial-lateral Organization of the Orbitofrontal Cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1347-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Rich ◽  
Jonathan D. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Orbital Region ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Lateral Organization ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Human Neuroimaging

Emerging evidence suggests that specific cognitive functions localize to different subregions of OFC, but the nature of these functional distinctions remains unclear. One prominent theory, derived from human neuroimaging, proposes that different stimulus valences are processed in separate orbital regions, with medial and lateral OFC processing positive and negative stimuli, respectively. Thus far, neurophysiology data have not supported this theory. We attempted to reconcile these accounts by recording neural activity from the full medial-lateral extent of the orbital surface in monkeys receiving rewards and punishments via gain or loss of secondary reinforcement. We found no convincing evidence for valence selectivity in any orbital region. Instead, we report differences between neurons in central OFC and those on the inferior-lateral orbital convexity, in that they encoded different sources of value information provided by the behavioral task. Neurons in inferior convexity encoded the value of external stimuli, whereas those in OFC encoded value information derived from the structure of the behavioral task. We interpret these results in light of recent theories of OFC function and propose that these distinctions, not valence selectivity, may shed light on a fundamental organizing principle for value processing in orbital cortex.

scholarly journals Video-Mediated Listening and Multiliteracies

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Jhon Jairo Losada Rivas ◽  
David Alfonso Suaza Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
11Th Grade ◽  
Shed Light

Multiliteracies is an innovative approach that helps understanding learning and teaching processes in current times. Besides, how these processes take place in new societies, regarding multiplicity and diversity in changing contexts, situations, meaning sources and discourses. Based on the need to explore the incidence of multiliteracies in EFL education, this study presents the ways in which video-mediated listening activities contribute to the construction of new meanings in an EFL setting. This qualitative action research was carried out at a private school of Rivera, Huila with 11th grade students. Pedagogical interventions involved all students (16), nonetheless convenience sampling was used to narrow research data to six participants. The goal was to analyze how the construction of meaning was developed through the implementation of video-mediated listening activities under a multiliteracies approach. Data were collected through field notes, pupil diaries, interviews and students’ artifacts obtained from class implementations. The findings show that students established interactions with different sources of information provided by the videos that enabled them to create and disclose new meanings derived from their transformed interpretations. The results also shed light on how video-mediated listening activities foster students’ understandings of their own learning processes.            Keywords: Video-mediated listening, meaning-making process, multiliteracies, EFL learning. 

Zur Interpretation adnominaler Genitive bei nominalisierten Infinitiven im Deutschen

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bücking
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThe argumental status of verbal participants in event nominalizations is still under debate. Investigating syntactic and semantic properties of referentially interpreted genitive noun phrases related to German nominalized infinitives (= NI), cf.Evidence for the proposed asymmetric analysis comes from two sources: it will be shown that the alleged agentive genitive contributes a possessive relation not identical to the verbal agentive interpretation. The conceptual preference for an identification with the verbal agent will be accounted for by abductive reasoning thereby explaining the modifier's argument-like behavior. In addition, as data on NI from different sources reveal, the genitive interpretation is mainly conditioned by lexical properties of the base verb. In particular, it will be shown that a postnominal agentive interpretation is bound to configurations where the theme is independently predicted optional. These findings follow from the proposed asymmetry.

Dialect comprehension and identification in L2 Spanish: Familiarity and type of exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Schoonmaker-Gates
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Nonnative Listeners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
L1 English ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Previous work has shown that both native and nonnative listeners’ production and perception of regional variation changes with an individual’s residential history, social ties, and exposure to different dialects. The present study investigates the relationship between L2 learners’ dialect familiarity and their ability to understand and identify regional varieties in the read speech of native speakers from six different regions. The source and depth of participants’ past dialect exposure, as well as a measure of their proficiency in Spanish, were also accounted for in this investigation of 60 L1 English speakers’ performance on a transcription task and a dialect identification task. Results revealed that familiarity was a significant predictor of learners’ dialect identification regardless of level, and it also predicted the dialect comprehension of more advanced students. Comprehension but not identification was also more accurate when multiple types of exposure were reported and when exposure was through native instructors, study abroad, and media from a specific region. Ultimately, the present findings shed light on second language learners’ comprehension and identification of different regional varieties of Spanish with and without prior exposure to each dialect, including the effects of different sources of exposure on participants’ perception.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis Model Established to Determine the Concentration of Each Source in Mixed Astaxanthin from Different Sources

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Xiping Du ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Manli Bai ◽  
Shaosong Liu ◽  
Gaoling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mixture Component ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Calculated Concentration ◽  
Actual Concentration ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Shed Light

Astaxanthin from different sources possesses different biological activities and optical isomers. The ingredients of astaxanthin mixtures from different sources on the market have often been mislabeled. Therefore, it is important to determine the sources of astaxanthin and their respective concentrations in a mixture. To solve this problem, a quantitative analysis model was established and further verified. The results showed that the deviation between the calculated concentration and the actual concentration ranged from 0 to 7 µg/mL, and the recovery rate was between 88.90% and 103.56%. This indicates that the quantitative analysis model of astaxanthin was feasible and reliable. This study not only has important applications in the astaxanthin mixture component determination but may also shed light on the quantitative analysis of other sample mixtures with stereoisomers from different sources.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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