La repoblación del área sur de la Navarrería en 1321. Estudio pormenorizado de la planificación urbana tras su destrucción en 1276

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Arrizabalaga
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Shed Light

RESUMEN En este artículo se pretende aportar luz a las preguntas de por qué, cuándo y cómo se llevó a efecto el trazado urbano de la renacida ciudad de la Navarrería. Se trata de un exhaustivo estudio que ha profundizado en todos los registros de pagos de rentas, cartas, privilegios y libros de fuegos relacionados con estos primeros vecinos que la repoblaron. El análisis de datos históricos se completa con el estudio de la planimetría de la ciudad actual, una realidad física que se ha conservado bastante bien, aun sufriendo alteraciones que hoy permanecen invisibles. El resultado es sorprendente, ya que relaciona el presente con los primeros repobladores que levantaron sus edificaciones. LABURPENA Artikulu honetan, birjaiotako Nabarreriako hiri trazatua zergatik, noiz eta nola egin zen azaltzen da. Azterlan sakona da: hiria birpopulatu zuten bizilagunen errenta-ordainketen erregistro, gutun, pribilegio eta su-liburuetan murgildu da. Datu historikoen azterketa osatzeko, gaur egungo hiriaren planimetria aztertu da ere. Errealitate fisiko hori nahiko ondo kontserbatu da, nahiz eta gaur egun ikusezin dauden aldaketa batzuk jasan. Emaitza harrigarria da, orainaldia lotzen baitu haien etxeak berreraiki zituzten lehenengo biztanle haiekin. ABSTRACT This article aims to shed light on the questions as to why, when and how the urban layout of the reborn borough of the Navarrería was put into effect. This is an exhaustive study that has explored all the records of the payment of rents, charters, privileges and books of hearths (homes) related to these first inhabitants to repopulate it. The analysis of the historical data is completed with the study of the planimetry of the present-day city, a physical reality that has been quite well conserved, although there have been alterations that remain invisible today. The result is surprising, as it relates the present with the first people to resettle there and erect its buildings.

scholarly journals Written Heritage of Transylvanian Princes in the Archival Funds of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-261
Author(s):  
Yurii Chotari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Political Careers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The written legacy of the Transylvanian princes preserved in Ukrainian archival funds is a less researched area. The aim of the article is to shed light on the documentary heritage of two Transylvanian princes preserved by the archival funds of Ukraine. The methodology of the research is based on the description of the sources, with the help of which new data is introduced into the scientific stream. Archival-descriptive methods were applied that can be used to exploit the historical data in the records. The scientific novelty of the article is about exploring sources that have not been published so far or have already been mentioned in the foreign literature, but are less known in the historical literature of Ukraine. Conclusions: The present study covers the documentary legacy of two princes, György Rákóczi I (1593-1648) and his great-grandson Ferenc Rákóczi II (1676-1735), examining the letters in the State Archives of the Transcarpathian Region, which were signed by them. Although the Transylvanian princes were not independent rulers, they left a significant mark in European history in the administrative, military and political spheres. Their military-political careers had an impact on the peoples of the region, the Ukrainians, the Hungarians, the Poles and the Germans alike. Of all the princes of the Rákóczi dynasty, the documentary legacy of the princes mentioned above is the richest in the State Archives of the Transcarpathian Region. The princes in question were suffering in the European space between the two great powers of the time, the Habsburgs and the Turkish Empire, and could succeed only with great effort. Letters, decrees, and other orders written or issued in the princely chancelleries, the description of which appears in this article, are essentially the result of the present research. These expand the image of the relationship between the peoples living in the principality and the Rákóczis, who often acted in political coercion. A detailed examination of the princes' letters of donation, the treaties with the rulers, or the relations with the poor peasantry may be of interest for further research

scholarly journals ДВЕ ОТАЏБИНЕ И ДВАНАЕСТ СУДБИНА: ПОТОМЦИ УЧЕСНИКА ПРВОГ СРПСКОГ УСТАНКА НА ШКОЛОВАЊУ У РУСИЈИ TWO MOTHERLANDS AND TWELVE FATES: THE DESCENDANTS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE FIRST SERBIAN UPRISING EDUCATED IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-274
Author(s):  
Алена Михајлова
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Shed Light

У раду се наводе историјски подаци који расветљавају околности боравка 12 српских младића – деце учесника Првог српског устанка – у Санкт Петербургу, ради школовања у Губернској гимназији. Њих, као и неколико стотина других Срба, довео је у јесен 1814. године у Бесарабију Карађорђе. Бригу о будућности младих Срба на себе су преузели руски царeви Александар I и Николај I. На основу неистражених докумената из руских архива, у раду се прате судбине тих младића. Неки од њих су се касније показали као истакнутe личности у различитим областима друштвеног живота. Значај ове студије је и у томе што осликава неке карактеристике периода формирања српске националне интелектуалне елите у 19. веку. The paper presents historical data which shed light on the circumstances of stay of twelve Serbian young men – children of participants in the First Serbian Uprising – in St Petersburg, during their education in the Gubernia Gymnasium. Karađorđe brought them and several hundreds of other Serbs in autumn 1814 in Bessarabia. The care about the future of the young Serbs was undertaken by Russian Emperors Alexander I and Nikolay I. Based on previously unexplored documents from Russian archives, the fate of each of these young men is reconstructed. Some of them later became prominent figures in various fields of social life. The significance of this study is also reflected in the fact that it outlines some features of the earlier period of formation of the Serbian national intellectual elite in the 19th century.

A Design Approach Based on Historical Test Data and Bayesian Statistics

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Wei ◽  
Fulun Yang ◽  
Dmitri Konson ◽  
Kamran Nikbin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Bayesian Statistics ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Numerous Test ◽  
Shed Light

Testing is still the final verification for a design even though there are substantial number of analytical and simulation methods available. Testing is seen to be also an indispensable part in the foreseeable future. Numerous test data have been generated in many testing institutions over the years and it is clear that future new tests will be conducted. Historical data with similar design and operating conditions can shed light on the current and future designs since they would share some common features when the changes are not dramatic. To effectively utilize the historical data for future design, two steps are necessary: (1) finding an approach to consistently correlate test data obtained from various conditions; (2) Use of Bayesian statistics which can provide a rational mathematical tool for extracting useful information from the historical data. In this paper, the basic Bayesian statistical procedure based on the historical data is outlined. With this information the reduction of sample size number or improving the accuracy and confidence with the same sample size are becoming possible. Examples of utilizing the historical data are also presented and the benefit of using the Bayesian statistics are highlighted.

Risk-based Regulation in the UK: Courtroom Battles Expose Ongoing Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Laurence BALL-KING
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prior Risk ◽  
Shed Light

Since 1974, the UK has followed a risk-based approach to safety that, in the event of an incident, is enforced through the courts. The legislation is intentionally non-prescriptive and thus requires duty holders and the courts to decide what control measures were reasonable in the circumstances from ex ante and ex post positions. This has proved challenging for all parties involved. This paper describes a series of cases that have shed light on the thought processes of the courts. It appears that there is some variability in decision-making that can be attributed to several factors, including understanding of the word “risk”, the acceptability of residual risk and the validity of historical data as a means of measuring risk. In the aftermath of incidents, there is a real danger that psychological factors may intervene when the prior risk is being assessed for sentencing purposes. It is argued that while the risk-based model continues to enjoy widespread support in the UK and is not challenged, its implementation could be much eased by attention to details. This would serve to simplify courtroom debates, support those practising risk-based regulation and enable risks to be better prioritised.

scholarly journals Are Government Spending Multipliers Greater during Periods of Slack? Evidence from Twentieth-Century Historical Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Owyang ◽  
Valerie A Ramey ◽  
Sarah Zubairy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Shed Light

A key question that has arisen during recent debates is whether government spending multipliers are larger during times when resources are idle. This paper seeks to shed light on this question by analyzing new quarterly historical data covering multiple large wars and depressions in the United States and Canada. Using Jorda's (2005) method for estimating impulse responses, we find no evidence that multipliers are greater during periods of high unemployment in the United States. In every case, they are below unity. We do find evidence of higher multipliers during periods of slack in Canada, with some multipliers above unity.

scholarly journals The disequilibrium of double descent: changing inheritance norms among Himba pastoralists

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1780) ◽  
pp. 20180072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Scelza ◽  
Sean P. Prall ◽  
Nancy E. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Majority Culture ◽  
Female Autonomy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Shed Light

Matrilineal systems in sub-Saharan Africa tend to co-occur with horticulture and are rare among pastoralists, with the causal arrow pointing from the introduction of cattle to the loss of matriliny. However, most work on this topic stems from either phylogenetic analyses or historical data. To better understand the shift from matrilineal to patrilineal inheritance that occurred among Bantu populations after the adoption of pastoralism, data from societies that are currently in transition are needed. Himba pastoralists, who practice ‘double descent’, may represent one such society. Using multi-generational ethnography and structured survey data, we describe current norms and preferences about inheritance, as well as associated norms related to female autonomy. We find that preferences for patrilineal inheritance are strong, despite the current practice of matrilineal cattle inheritance. We also find that a preference for patriliny predicts greater acceptance of norm violating behaviour favouring sons over nephews. Finally, we show that there are important generational differences in how men view women's autonomy, which are probably attributable to both changing norms about inheritance and exposure to majority-culture views on women's roles. Our data shed light on how systemic change like the shifts in descent reckoning that occurred during the Bantu expansion can occur. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.

Indeterminacy, Incompleteness, Indecision, and Other Semantic Phenomena

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Incompleteness ◽  
Indeterminacy Thesis ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Shed Light

This paper explores the relationships between Davidson's indeterminacy of interpretation thesis and two semantic properties of sentences that have come to be recognized recently, namely semantic incompleteness and semantic indecision. More specifically, I will examine what the indeterminacy thesis entails for sentences of the form ‘By sentence S (or word w), agent A means that m’ and ‘Agent A believes that p.’ My primary goal is to shed light on the indeterminacy thesis and its consequences. I will distinguish two kinds of indeterminacy that have very different sources and very different consequences. But this does not purport to be an exhaustive study: there may well be other forms of indeterminacy that this paper does not address.I will first explain the phenomena of semantic incompleteness and semantic indecision, and then explore their relationships with the indeterminacy thesis.

Human Rights: What Possibilities of Universalization?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-420
Author(s):  
Alice Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Shed Light

The history of international law is, to a certain extent, the history of the efforts undertaken to minimize or mitigate the effects of armed conflicts and human suffering. The aim of this article is to discuss the possibilities of an effective universalization of human rights today. It begins by identifying the medieval and humanist antecedents of international law and of what came to be the modern discourse of human rights. The historical data analyzed shed light on how the emergence of an idea of compassion for the Other, without exceptions, did not find sufficient grounds in the religious argument, and how to overcome it was the required condition for perceiving the Other as a similar being in more absolute terms. At the same time, these historical data make it quite clear how such a trajectory is, essentially, European or Western in nature. Then, in the second part of the article, I argue that the adjective “universal” is still inadequate to describe the current situation of human rights, but the possibility of it becoming appropriate is nevertheless not rejected. Such possibility will depend on the effective consolidation of an intercultural approach to human rights. Only then can we appropriately talk about the universality of human rights, the political dimension of such a change being unquestionable.

REVEALING EXTRADIMENSIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3545-3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
VO VAN THUAN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Reality ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Symmetric Model ◽  
Shed Light

In the framework of a proposed space-time symmetric model of elementary particles, a simplified semi-classical geometrical dynamics leads to the quantum mechanical equations, which may shed light on the physical reality of an individual micro-particle. As a result, the precise P -odd effects would be made explicit in those equations.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

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