Structural Racism and Oral Health Inequities of Black vs. non-Hispanic White Adults in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Smith ◽  
Wanda Wright ◽  
Brittaney Hill
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Social and Behavioral Factors, Oral Health, and Dental Care Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 799-800
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Stephen Shuman ◽  
Elisa Ghezzi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Dental Care Utilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Oral health status and dental care utilization is strongly associated with social and behavioral factors and health outcomes. The five papers in this symposium address how several of these factors affect oral health and dental care among diverse groups of older adults. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, the first paper examined the impact of early childhood disadvantages on oral health in later life among adults age 51 and above in the U.S. The second paper used large-scale epidemiological data that addressed the relationship between acculturation and subsequent oral health problems. It also tested the moderating role of neighborhood disorder in such a relationship among older Chinese Americans. The third paper demonstrated the importance of examining different pathways among foreign-born and native-born Chinese older adults with regard to offspring’s support on their oral health outcomes. While increasing evidence shows that cognitive function is associated with oral health, limited studies have been conducted to examine the impact of cognitive impairment, e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and related dementias (RD), on dental care utilization and costs in older adults. The fourth paper aimed to address this knowledge gap. Results showed that AD and RD had different impacts on different types of dental care utilization and costs. The fifth paper further displayed that individuals with cognitive impairment face a significant challenge in handling dental-related medications. This symposium provides policy and clinical implications on improving oral health and dental care utilization among older adults in the U.S. Oral Health Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

scholarly journals Blood biomarkers for dementia in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitzi M. Gonzales ◽  
Meghan I. Short ◽  
Claudia L. Satizabal ◽  
Sid O’ Bryant ◽  
Russel P. Tracy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Hispanic White

scholarly journals The Unique Challenges and Contributions of Diverse Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 681-681
Author(s):  
Rita Choula
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Unique Context

Abstract Caregiving in the U.S. 2020 oversampled African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and people over the age of 75. Six in ten caregivers report being non-Hispanic white, 17% are Hispanic, 14% non-Hispanic African-American or black, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 3% some other race or ethnicity, including multiracial. The session will emphasize the unique context of diverse caregivers, including African American, Hispanic, Asian, and LGBT+ caregivers. The session will begin by discussing the portrait of the typical caregiver of each of these groups. It will follow with a discussion of the challenges facing diverse caregivers in the aggregate and the opportunities to recognize and support them across settings.

Meso-Level Racism in Medicine

Contexts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Ashley C. Rondini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
The U.S

This article highlights that the standardization of medical care in the U.S. relies on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), which indicate institutionalized norms about when and under what circumstances it is appropriate to administer specific medical tests and courses of treatment. However, when CPGs in medicine derive from medical research that was informed by since-debunked ideas about race, they may also facilitate structural racism.

scholarly journals Lean Yet Unhealthy: Asian American Adults Had Higher Risks for Metabolic Syndrome than Non-Hispanic White Adults with the Same Body Mass Index: Evidence from NHANES 2011–2016

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Wei J. Yang ◽  
Cody B. Spence ◽  
Aisha Bhimla ◽  
Grace X. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Predicted Risk ◽  
Hispanic White

(1) Background: Despite having consistently lower rates of obesity than other ethnic groups, Asian Americans (AAs) are more likely to be identified as metabolically obese, suggesting an ethnic-specific association between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes. The goal of this study was to provide an estimate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence among AAs using national survey data and to compare this rate to that of non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) over the BMI continuum. (2) Methods: Using the NHANES 2011–2016 data, we computed age-adjusted, gender-specific prevalence of MetS and its individual components for three BMI categories. Furthermore, we conducted multivariate binary logistic regression to examine the risk of MetS in AAs compared to NHWs, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The analysis sample consisted of 2121 AAs and 6318 NHWs. (3) Results: Among AAs, the prevalence of MetS and its components increased with higher BMI levels, with overall prevalence being 5.23% for BMI < 23, 38.23% for BMI of 23–27.4, and 77.68% for BMI ≥ 27.5 in men; and 18.61% for BMI < 23, 47.82% for BMI of 23–27.4, and 67.73% for BMI ≥ 27.5 in women. We also found that for those with a BMI > 23, AAs had a higher predicted risk of MetS than their NHW counterparts of the same BMI level, in both men and women. (4) Conclusions: Our findings support the use of lower BMI ranges for defining overweight and obesity in Asian populations, which would allow for earlier and more appropriate screening for MetS and may better facilitate prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Application of an antiracism lens in the field of implementation science (IS): Recommendations for reframing implementation research with a focus on justice and racial equity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 263348952110494
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Shelton ◽  
Prajakta Adsul ◽  
April Oh ◽  
Nathalie Moise ◽  
Derek M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

Background Despite the promise of implementation science (IS) to reduce health inequities, critical gaps and opportunities remain in the field to promote health equity. Prioritizing racial equity and antiracism approaches is critical in these efforts, so that IS does not inadvertently exacerbate disparities based on the selection of frameworks, methods, interventions, and strategies that do not reflect consideration of structural racism and its impacts. Methods Grounded in extant research on structural racism and antiracism, we discuss the importance of advancing understanding of how structural racism as a system shapes racial health inequities and inequitable implementation of evidence-based interventions among racially and ethnically diverse communities. We outline recommendations for explicitly applying an antiracism lens to address structural racism and its manifests through IS. An anti-racism lens provides a framework to guide efforts to confront, address, and eradicate racism and racial privilege by helping people identify racism as a root cause of health inequities and critically examine how it is embedded in policies, structures, and systems that differentially affect racially and ethnically diverse populations. Results We provide guidance for the application of an antiracism lens in the field of IS, focusing on select core elements in implementation research, including: (1) stakeholder engagement; (2) conceptual frameworks and models; (3) development, selection, adaptation of EBIs; (4) evaluation approaches; and (5) implementation strategies. We highlight the need for foundational grounding in antiracism frameworks among implementation scientists to facilitate ongoing self-reflection, accountability, and attention to racial equity, and provide questions to guide such reflection and consideration. Conclusion We conclude with a reflection on how this is a critical time for IS to prioritize focus on justice, racial equity, and real-world equitable impact. Moving IS towards making consideration of health equity and an antiracism lens foundational is central to strengthening the field and enhancing its impact. Plain language abstract There are important gaps and opportunities that exist in promoting health equity through implementation science. Historically, the commonly used frameworks, measures, interventions, strategies, and approaches in the field have not been explicitly focused on equity, nor do they consider the role of structural racism in shaping health and inequitable delivery of evidence-based practices/programs. This work seeks to build off of the long history of research on structural racism and health, and seeks to provide guidance on how to apply an antiracism lens to select core elements of implementation research. We highlight important opportunities for the field to reflect and consider applying an antiracism approach in: 1) stakeholder/community engagement; 2) use of conceptual frameworks; 3) development, selection and adaptation of evidence-based interventions; 4) evaluation approaches; 5) implementation strategies (e.g., how to deliver evidence-based practices, programs, policies); and 6) how researchers conduct their research, with a focus on racial equity. This is an important time for the field of implementation science to prioritize a foundational focus on justice, equity, and real-world impact through the application of an anti-racism lens in their work.

scholarly journals INTEREST GROUP SESSION—ORAL HEALTH: COGNITIVE FUNCTION, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE U.S. AND ABROAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S349-S349
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Stephen K Shuman ◽  
Michele Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
The U.S

Abstract There is an increasing awareness of the importance of oral health and its associated risk factors among older adults. This symposium includes four papers that address cognitive function, social support and oral health problems and symptoms among older adults in the U.S. and China. Lu and his colleagues examined the reciprocal relationship between cognitive function and complete tooth loss Chinese adults age 50+ using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal study. The results show that there is a reciprocal relationship between these two indicators. The second paper used the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) and examined the associations between tooth/gums symptoms and changes in cognitive function in Chinese older immigrants. The results reveal that having teeth symptoms was associated with a decline in cognitive function. Using the same PINE data, the third paper examined the association between different characteristics of social relationships and the number of oral health problems among U.S. older Chinese adults. Wu and her colleagues conducted a partner-assisted pilot intervention to improve oral health for community-dwelling older adults with either mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. The results of this 6-month intervention show that persons in the treatment group had more improvement in oral hygiene than those in the control group. Findings from these four papers illustrate that cognitive function, social support, and oral health are interrelated. This symposium highlights the importance of improving cognitive health, social support, and oral health for middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Consumption of Savory Snack Foods: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 530-530
Author(s):  
Melanie Hymes ◽  
Donna Rhodes ◽  
John Clemens ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Objectives The savory snack market, worth over $35 billion, typically manufactures products that are durable, accessible, inexpensive, and easy to eat out of a bag or package. This research examines the percentage of the U.S. population by socio-demographic groups who consumed chips, flavored snacks, popcorn and pretzels (referred to here as savory snack foods) on a given day during 2015–2016. Methods The study sample included nationally representative data from children aged 2–19 years (n = 2901), and adults aged 20 + years (n = 5017) participating in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2015–2016. Dietary intake data, obtained from an in-person 24-hour recall, were collected using the interviewer-administered 5-step USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Percentages, who consumed savory snack foods any time during the intake day, were estimated using the following WWEIA Food Categories: potato chips, tortilla/corn/other chips, popcorn, and pretzels/snack mix. Differences were considered significant at P &lt; 0.01. Results Consumption of savory snack foods was higher among children (47%) compared to adults (33%). Among race/ethnicity groups, a lower percentage of non-Hispanic Asian adults (24%) consumed a savory snack food compared to both non-Hispanic white adults (35%) and non-Hispanic black adults (36%). Consumption was lower among Hispanic adults (27%) compared to non-Hispanic white adults. Differences were not significant among children. In addition, among income groups, there were no differences for both adults and children. With respect to mean daily amount consumed among all consumers, intake of savory snack foods was about 40 g, which provided 200 kcal. Conclusions On any given day, more than one in three Americans consumed a savory snack food weighing about 1½ ounces. The results of this research highlight the widespread consumption of savory snacks by U.S. adults of all income levels, and by children of all race/ethnic backgrounds and income levels. Funding Sources USDA, Agriculture Research Service.

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