Modeling of the M2 surface and internal tides and their seasonal variability in the Arctic Ocean: Dynamics, energetics and tidally induced diapycnal diffusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kagan ◽  
E. V. Sofina ◽  
A. A. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Internal Tides ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals The Arctic Ocean Spices Up

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Louise Timmermans ◽  
Steven R. Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Regime Shift ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Salinity Field ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Fundamental Physical

AbstractThe contemporary Arctic Ocean differs markedly from midlatitude, ice-free, and relatively warm oceans in the context of density-compensating temperature and salinity variations. These variations are invaluable tracers in the midlatitudes, revealing essential fundamental physical processes of the oceans, on scales from millimeters to thousands of kilometers. However, in the cold Arctic Ocean, temperature variations have little effect on density, and a measure of density-compensating variations in temperature and salinity (i.e., spiciness) is not appropriate. In general, temperature is simply a passive tracer, which implies that most of the heat transported in the Arctic Ocean relies entirely on the ocean dynamics determined by the salinity field. It is shown, however, that as the Arctic Ocean warms up, temperature will take on a new role in setting dynamical balances. Under continued warming, there exists the possibility for a regime shift in the mechanisms by which heat is transported in the Arctic Ocean. This may result in a cap on the storage of deep-ocean heat, having profound implications for future predictions of Arctic sea ice.

scholarly journals The Seasonal Variability of the Arctic Ocean Ekman Transport and Its Role in the Mixed Layer Heat and Salt Fluxes

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 5366-5387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Ekman Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ekman Pumping ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract The oceanic Ekman transport and pumping are among the most important parameters in studying the ocean general circulation and its variability. Upwelling due to the Ekman transport divergence has been identified as a leading mechanism for the seasonal to interannual variability of the upper-ocean heat content in many parts of the World Ocean, especially along coasts and the equator. Meanwhile, the Ekman pumping is the primary mechanism that drives basin-scale circulations in subtropical and subpolar oceans. In those ice-free oceans, the Ekman transport and pumping rate are calculated using the surface wind stress. In the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, the surface momentum flux comes from both air–water and ice–water stresses. The data required to compute these stresses are now available from satellite and buoy observations. But no basin-scale calculation of the Ekman transport in the Arctic Ocean has been done to date. In this study, a suite of satellite and buoy observations of ice motion, ice concentration, surface wind, etc., will be used to calculate the daily Ekman transport over the whole Arctic Ocean from 1978 to 2003 on a 25-km resolution. The seasonal variability and its relationship to the surface forcing fields will be examined. Meanwhile, the contribution of the Ekman transport to the seasonal fluxes of heat and salt to the Arctic Ocean mixed layer will be discussed. It was found that the greatest seasonal variations of Ekman transports of heat and salt occur in the southern Beaufort Sea in the fall and early winter when a strong anticyclonic wind and ice motion are present. The Ekman pumping velocity in the interior Beaufort Sea reaches as high as 10 cm day−1 in November while coastal upwelling is even stronger. The contributions of the Ekman transport to the heat and salt flux in the mixed layer are also considerable in the region.

Seasonal variability of surface and internal M2 tides in the Arctic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kagan ◽  
A. A. Timofeev ◽  
E. V. Sofina
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Freshwater Influx to the Arctic Ocean from Four Major Arctic-Draining Rivers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Ahmed ◽  
Terry Prowse ◽  
Yonas Dibike ◽  
Barrie Bonsal ◽  
Hayley O’Neil
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Spring Freshet ◽  
Daily Discharge

Runoff from Arctic rivers constitutes a major freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean. In these nival-dominated river systems, the majority of annual discharge is released during the spring snowmelt period. The circulation regime of the salinity-stratified Arctic Ocean is connected to global earth–ocean dynamics through thermohaline circulation; hence, variability in freshwater input from the Arctic flowing rivers has important implications for the global climate system. Daily discharge data from each of the four largest Arctic-draining river watersheds (Mackenzie, Ob, Lena and Yenisei; herein referred to as MOLY) are analyzed to identify historic changes in the magnitude and timing of freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean with emphasis on the spring freshet. Results show that the total freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean increased by 89 km3/decade, amounting to a 14% increase during the 30-year period from 1980 to 2009. A distinct shift towards earlier melt timing is also indicated by proportional increases in fall, winter and spring discharges (by 2.5%, 1.3% and 2.5% respectively) followed by a decrease (by 5.8%) in summer discharge as a percentage of the mean annual flow. This seasonal increase in discharge and earlier pulse onset dates indicates a general shift towards a flatter, broad-based hydrograph with earlier peak discharges. The study also reveals that the increasing trend in freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean is not solely due to increased spring freshet discharge, but is a combination of increases in all seasons except that of the summer.

scholarly journals Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller ◽  
Eberhard Fahrbach ◽  
Ursula Schauer ◽  
Edmond Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract Beszczynska-Möller, A., Fahrbach, E., Schauer, U., and Hansen, E. 2012. Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 852–863. The variability in Atlantic water temperature and volume transport in the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), based on measurements by an array of moorings in Fram Strait (78°50′N) over the period 1997–2010, is addressed. The long-term mean net volume transport in the current of 6.6 ± 0.4 Sv (directed northwards) delivered 3.0 ± 0.2 Sv of Atlantic water (AW) warmer than 2°C. The mean temperature of the AW inflow was 3.1 ± 0.1°C. On interannual time-scales, a nearly constant volume flux in the WSC core (long-term mean 1.8 ± 0.1 Sv northwards, including 1.3 ± 0.1 Sv of AW warmer than 2°C, and showing no seasonal variability) was accompanied by a highly variable transport of 2–6 Sv in the offshore branch (long-term mean of 5 ± 0.4 Sv, strong seasonal variability, and 1–2 Sv of warm AW). Two warm anomalies were found in the AW passing through Fram Strait in 1999–2000 and 2005–2007. For the period 1997–2010, there was a positive linear trend in the AW mean temperature of 0.06°C year−1, but no statistically significant trend was observed in the AW volume transport. A possible impact of warming on AW propagation in the Arctic Ocean and properties of the outflow to the North Atlantic are also discussed.

Seasonal variability in particle sedimentation under permanent ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. Hargrave ◽  
B. von Bodungen ◽  
P. Stoffyn-Egli ◽  
P.J. Mudie
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals Arctic mass, freshwater and heat fluxes: methods and modelled seasonal variability

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2052) ◽  
pp. 20140169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Bacon ◽  
Yevgeny Aksenov ◽  
Stephen Fawcett ◽  
Gurvan Madec
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
And Storage

Considering the Arctic Ocean (including sea ice) as a defined volume, we develop equations describing the time-varying fluxes of mass, heat and freshwater (FW) into, and storage of those quantities within, that volume. The seasonal cycles of fluxes and storage of mass, heat and FW are quantified and illustrated using output from a numerical model. The meanings of ‘reference values’ and FW fluxes are discussed, and the potential for error through the use of arbitrary reference values is examined.

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