scholarly journals How Does Body Fat Influence Bone Mass in Childhood? A Mendelian Randomization Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Timpson ◽  
Adrian Sayers ◽  
George Davey-Smith ◽  
Jonathan H Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Mendelian Randomization

scholarly journals Tissue-specific expression of Sprouty1 in mice protects against high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation, bone loss and metabolic dysfunction

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumithra Urs ◽  
Terry Henderson ◽  
Phuong Le ◽  
Clifford J. Rosen ◽  
Lucy Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with decreased bone mass and increased body fat. Because Spry1 suppresses normal fat development, we tested the hypothesis that Spry1 expression prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, bone loss and associated lipid abnormalities, and demonstrate that Spry1 has a long-term protective effect on mice fed a high-energy diet. We studied diet-induced obesity in mice with fatty acid binding promoter-driven expression or conditional knockout of Spry1 in adipocytes. Phenotyping was performed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microCT, histology and blood analysis. In conditional Spry1-null mice, a high-fat diet increased body fat by 40 %, impaired glucose regulation and led to liver steatosis. However, overexpression of Spry1 led to 35 % (P < 0·05) lower body fat, reduced bone loss and normal metabolic function compared with single transgenics. This protective phenotype was associated with decreased circulating insulin (70 %) and leptin (54 %; P < 0·005) compared with controls on a high-fat diet. Additionally, Spry1 expression decreased adipose tissue inflammation by 45 %. We show that conditional Spry1 expression in adipose tissue protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated bone loss.

scholarly journals Excess body fat negatively affects bone mass in adolescents

Nutrition ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Nunes Mosca ◽  
Tamara Beres Lederer Goldberg ◽  
Valéria Nóbrega da Silva ◽  
Carla Cristiane da Silva ◽  
Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat

Percent body fat and bone mass in healthy Canadian females 10 to 19 years of age

Bone ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A Weiler ◽  
L Janzen ◽  
K Green ◽  
J Grabowski ◽  
M.M Seshia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat

scholarly journals Causal Associations of Obesity With the Intervertebral Degeneration, Low Back Pain, and Sciatica: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhu Zhou ◽  
Jiarui Mi ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
Huirong Han ◽  
Zhengye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Hip Circumference

The role of obesity in the development of dorsopathies is still unclear. In this study, we assessed the associations between body mass index (BMI) and several dorsopathies including intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), low back pain (LBP), and sciatica by using the Mendelian randomization method. We also assessed the effect of several obesity-related traits on the same outcomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the exposures are extracted from summary-level datasets of previously published genome-wide association studies. Summary-level results of IVDD, LBP, and sciatica were from FinnGen. In our univariable Mendelian randomization analysis, BMI is significantly associated with increased risks of all dorsopathies including sciatica (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.21–1.47, p = 5.19 × 10-9), LBP (OR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.18–1.39, p = 6.60 × 10-9), and IVDD (OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.14–1.32, p = 2.48 × 10-8). Waist circumference, hip circumference, whole-body fat mass, fat-free mass, and fat percentage, but not waist–hip ratio, were causally associated with increased risks of IVDD and sciatica. Higher hip circumference, whole-body fat mass, fat-free mass, and fat percentage increased the risk of LBP. However, only whole-body fat-free mass remained to have a significant association with the risk of IVDD after adjusting for BMI with an odds ratio of 1.57 (95% CI, 1.32–1.86, p = 2.47 × 10-7). Proportions of BMI’s effect on IVDD, sciatica, and LBP mediated by leisure sedentary behavior were 41.4% (95% CI, 21.8%, 64.8%), 33.8% (95% CI, 17.5%, 53.4%), and 49.7% (95% CI, 29.4%, 73.5%), respectively. This study provides evidence that high BMI has causal associations with risks of various dorsopathies. Weight control is a good measure to prevent the development of dorsopathies, especially in the obese population.

Evidence for bone mass and body fat distribution relationship in postmenopausal obese women

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunetto Tarquini ◽  
Nadia Navari ◽  
Federico Perfetto ◽  
Adriano Piluso ◽  
Salvatore Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Obese Women

Body Composition and Its Relationship to Growth and Bone Mass in Patients with Thalassemia

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890-3890
Author(s):  
Ellen Fung ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Janet Kwiatkowski ◽  
Sylvia Titi Singer ◽  
Ashutosh Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Abstract Optimal nutritional status is imperative for achieving the genetic potential for growth and development in children as well as for robust immune function and bone health in adults. Patients with thalassemia (Thal) are known to have abnormal growth, altered development and immune function and deficits in bone mass. For children, weight and height is commonly used to assess overall nutritional status, whereas for adults, body composition is a gross marker of an individual’s overall nutritional health. Nutritional status and body composition has not been explored in patients with Thal. To examine this, we have assessed body composition (fat, lean) and bone density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic Delphi A) in 370 subjects enrolled in a cross-sectional study of the Thal Clinical Research Network (TCRN), a North American collaborative research group. In addition to DXA, weight and height were measured, medical history obtained and a brief calcium food frequency and physical activity questionnaire completed. The total sample was divided into 2 groups: (TxThal) 257 transfused thalassemia major and E-beta thal patients (23.7 ± 11 yr, 131 male), and (NTxThal) 113 never or minimally transfused patients with other thalassemia syndromes (21.3 ± 13 yr, 50 male). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2) and cutoffs determined for children (<17=underweight, ≥30 obese) and adults (<18.5=underweight, ≥30 obese). As expected there was a high correlation between BMI and fat and lean mass by DXA (r=0.7 to 0.86, p<0.001). 6.2% of adults and 39.3% of children were classified as underweight by BMI and nearly 1/3 of children with Thal had abnormally low percentage body fat; while only 3.4% of adults and 2.2% of children were considered obese. Compared to median data from NHANES, adult patients with Thal are much leaner (BMI: 22.8±0.4) compared to contemporary adult Americans (28.1±0.2, p<0.0001). TxThal had more total body fat mass (14.3 vs 11.4 g, p<0.0001) and percentage body fat (27.3% vs. 24.9% p=0.007) compared to NTxThal. As has been observed in epidemiological studies of healthy subjects, calcium intake was inversely related to fat mass (p=0.009) as well as lean mass (p=0.007) after controlling for the effects of age, gender and diagnosis. Current physical activity level was a strong predictor of reduced body fat (p=0.007), whereas hemoglobin level was positively related to lean mass (p=0.001). Moreover, body fat was a positive predictor for height Z-score (p<0.0001). Low bone mass (BMD Z-Score <−2.0) was found in 50% of subjects, and BMD Z-score was moderately correlated with height Z-score (p<0.0001) and weight Z-score (p<0.0001). Though the majority of patients with Thal were classified as having a healthy body composition with very few obese patients, nearly 40% of the children in this sample were underweight. NTxThal appear at particular risk for underweight. These results suggest that an adequate amount of body fat is necessary for optimal growth and bone health in patients with Thal, and that calcium intake is associated with optimal body composition. These preliminary findings support the need for more careful study of nutritional status and its relationship to overall health in patients with thalassemia.

Body mass index, percent body fat, and bone mass in a cohort of Chinese twins aged 6 to 18 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Lester M. Arguelles ◽  
Xiaobin Wang ◽  
Binyan Wang ◽  
Hakan Demirtas ◽  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Chinese Twins

scholarly journals Daily leptin blunts marrow fat but does not impact bone mass in calorie-restricted mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Devlin ◽  
D J Brooks ◽  
C Conlon ◽  
M van Vliet ◽  
L Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Bone Marrow Fat ◽  
Skeletal Acquisition

Starvation induces low bone mass and high bone marrow adiposity in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The adipokine leptin falls in starvation, suggesting that hypoleptinemia may be a link between negative energy balance, bone marrow fat accumulation, and impaired skeletal acquisition. In that case, treating mice with leptin during caloric restriction (CR) should reduce marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and improve bone mass. To test this hypothesis, female C57Bl/6J mice were fed a 30% CR or normal (N) diet from 5 to 10 weeks of age, with daily injections of vehicle (VEH), 1mg/kg leptin (LEP1), or 2mg/kg leptin (LEP2) (N=6–8/group). Outcomes included body mass, body fat percentage, and whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) via peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cortical and trabecular microarchitecture via microcomputed tomography (μCT), and MAT volume via μCT of osmium tetroxide-stained bones. Overall, CR mice had lower body mass, body fat percentage, BMD, and cortical bone area fraction, but more connected trabeculae, vs N mice (P<0.05 for all). Most significantly, although MAT was elevated in CR vs N overall, leptin treatment blunted MAT formation in CR mice by 50% vs VEH (P<0.05 for both leptin doses). CR LEP2 mice weighed less vs CR VEH mice at 9–10 weeks of age (P<0.05), but leptin treatment did not affect body fat percentage, BMD, or bone microarchitecture within either diet. These data demonstrate that once daily leptin bolus during CR inhibits bone marrow adipose expansion without affecting bone mass acquisition, suggesting that leptin has distinct effects on starvation-induced bone marrow fat formation and skeletal acquisition.

Loss of function of the non-genomic estrogen receptor GPR30 causes increased body size, percent body fat, and bone mass in adult male mice

Bone ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. S62-S63
Author(s):  
J. Ford ◽  
A. Hajibeigi ◽  
M. Getachew ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
D. Clegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Loss Of Function
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