Measurement of small-signal absorption coefficient and absorption cross section of collagen for 193-nm excimer laser light and the role of collagen in tissue ablation

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (29) ◽  
pp. 5443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Fisher ◽  
David W. Hahn
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fuchs ◽  
E. Boch ◽  
E. Fogarassy ◽  
B. Aka ◽  
P. Siffert

ABSTRACTWe have determined for the first time, the two-photon absorption cross-section of silane at 193 nm, by measuring directly the fraction of incident light absorbed in the gas phase during the irradiation with a pulsed ArF excimer laser.


Author(s):  
Wojciech Piotrowski ◽  
Linda Dalipi ◽  
Rafal Szukiewicz ◽  
Benoit Fond ◽  
Miroslav Dramićanin ◽  
...  

Despite the numerous advantages of lanthanide based luminescent thermometers, a major limitation is the limited brightness associated with the low absorption cross section of the 4f-4f transitions. In this paper,...


2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (23) ◽  
pp. 4632-4645
Author(s):  
Nancy Faßheber ◽  
Lars Bornhorst ◽  
Sebastian Hesse ◽  
Yasuyuki Sakai ◽  
Gernot Friedrichs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilun Zhao ◽  
Wangshu Tan ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Chuanyang Shen ◽  
Yingli Yu ◽  
...  

Abstract. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is the strongest visible solar radiative absorber in the atmosphere, exerting significant influences on the earth’s radiation budget. The mass absorption cross-section (MAC) is a crucial parameter for converting light absorption coefficient (bab) to mass equivalent BC concentration (mBC). Traditional filter-based instrument, such as AE33, uses a constant MAC of 7.77 m2/g to derive mBC, which may lead to uncertainty in mBC. In this paper, a new method of converting light absorption coefficient to BC mass concentration is proposed by incorporating the variations of MAC attributed to the influences of aerosol coating state. Mie simulation showed that MAC varied dramatically with different core-shell structures. We compared our new method with traditional method during a field measurement at a site of North China Plain. The results showed that the MAC was smaller (larger) than 7.77 m2/g for particle smaller (larger) than 280 nm, resulting in BC mass size distribution derived from new method was higher (lower) than traditional method for particle smaller (larger) than 280 nm. Size-integrated BC mass concentration derived from new method was 16 % higher than traditional method. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the uncertainty in mBC caused by refractive index (RI) was with in 35 % and the imaginary part of RI had dominant influence on the derived mBC. This study emphasizes the necessity to take variations of MAC into account when deriving mBC from bab and can help constrain the uncertainty in mBC measurements.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 27917-27942 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gálvez ◽  
M. T. Baeza-Romero ◽  
M. Sanz ◽  
A. Saiz-Lopez

Abstract. Reactive halogens play a key role in the oxidation capacity of the polar troposphere. However, sources and mechanisms, particularly those involving active iodine, are still poorly understood. In this paper, the photolysis of an atmospherically relevant frozen iodate salt has been experimentally studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The samples were generated at low temperatures in the presence of different amounts of water. The IR spectra have confirmed that under near-UV/Vis radiation iodate is efficiently photolyzed. The integrated IR absorption coefficient of the iodate anion on the band at 750 cm−1 has been measured to be A = 9.5 × 10−17 cm molec−1. Using this value, a lower limit of the integrated absorption cross section of iodate, in an ammonium frozen salt, has been estimated for the first time at wavelengths relevant for tropospheric studies (σ = 1.1 × 10−20 cm2 nm molec−1 from 300 to 900 nm). According to this, we suggest that the photolysis of iodate in frozen salt can potentially provide a pathway for the release of active iodine to the polar atmosphere.


1987 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Van Nguyen ◽  
S. Fridmann ◽  
J. Rembetski

ABSTRACT193-nm excimer laser-assisted etching of polysilicon was studied in the presence of CI2. Maximum etch rates of 1.25 Å/pulse were obtained for pressures of about 400 torr and fluences exceeding 400 mJ/(cm2-pulse). The etch rate increased with both fluence (100-550 mJ/(cm2-pulse)) and pressure (50-800 torr). An adsorptive etch mechanism similar to NF3 etching has been proposed, where Cl2 molecules diffuse to the surface, adsorb, and then react after absorbing laser radiation. This is consistent with photon and molecular flux considerations and the availability of reaction sites. Thermal effects where Cl2 molecules decompose to Cl atoms on “hot” polysilicon surfaces may assist this process, and appear to dominate under conditions of lower pressure (<400 torr) and higher fluence. Etching caused by the gas phase formation of Cl atoms is minimal due to the low Cl2 absorption cross section at 193 nm.Simple projection etching results showed that micron lines can be etched in polysilicon by use of this chemistry.


2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leia M. Shanyfelt ◽  
Pamela L. Dickrell ◽  
Henry F. Edelhauser ◽  
David W. Hahn

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