Effective charge densities and current densities in isotropic chiral media

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Flood ◽  
Dwight L. Jaggard
Keyword(s):  
Effective Charge ◽  
Chiral Media ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Current Densities

Atomic field equations for Maxwell fields interacting with non-relativistic quantal sources

1973 ◽  
Vol 332 (1589) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Maxwell Fields ◽  
Multipole Expansions ◽  
Current Densities

The microscopic field equations of electromagnetism interacting with a many-particle Schrodinger field of charged particles are shown to be exactly equivalent to the atomic field equations where the sources are free electron and ion charge densities and convective and Rontgen current densities only. The fields are now the microscopic displacement vector d and the microscopic auxiliary field h and their relation to the electric and magnetic fields e and b are given exactly in terms of polarization and magnetization vectors without reference to any multipolar expansions. The values of the polarization fields are calculated for several transitions in atomic hydrogen to illustrate the connexion with the usual multipole expansions.

WELL-POSEDNESS OF THE DRUDE–BORN–FEDOROV MODEL FOR CHIRAL MEDIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 461-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK CIARLET ◽  
GUILLAUME LEGENDRE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Chiral Media ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Well Posed

We consider a chiral medium in a bounded domain, enclosed in a perfectly conducting material. We solve the transient Maxwell equations in this domain, when the medium is modeled by the Drude–Born–Fedorov constitutive equations. The input data is located on the boundary, in the form of given surface current and surface charge densities. It is proved that, except for a countable set of chirality admittance values, the problem is mathematically well-posed. This result holds for domains with non-smooth boundaries.

Systematic adjustment of charge densities and size of polyglycerol amines reduces cytotoxic effects and enhances cellular uptake

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hellmund ◽  
Katharina Achazi ◽  
Falko Neumann ◽  
Bala N. S. Thota ◽  
Nan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Charge Densities

Excessive cationic charge density of polyplexes during cellular uptake is still a major hurdle for gene delivery. A systematic study on cytotoxic effects caused by effective charge density related to size showed moderate loaded hPG amines to be higher potential as low/high ones.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of a Nano Relativistic Motor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Yahalom
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
High Charge ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Third Law

In a recent paper discussing Newton’s third law in the framework of special relativity for charged bodies, it was suggested that one can construct a practical relativistic motor provided high enough charge and current densities are available. As on the macroscopic scale charge density is limited by the phenomena of dielectric breakdown, it was suggested to take advantage of the high charge densities which are available on the microscopic scale. A preliminary analysis of this option denoted "nano relativistic scale" is studied in the current paper.

Dissociation of Gas-Phase Bimetallic Clusters as a Probe of Charge Densities: The Effective Charge of Uranyl

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana F. Lucena ◽  
José M. Carretas ◽  
Joaquim Marçalo ◽  
Maria del Carmen Michelini ◽  
Philip X. Rutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Bimetallic Clusters ◽  
Charge Densities

scholarly journals The Effects of the Sol–Gel Transition of Alginates on Effective Charge Densities

1988 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakatsu Yonese ◽  
Kazuhiko Baba ◽  
Hiroshi Kishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Effective Charge ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
Gel Transition

Studies of membrane phenomena. VII. Effective charge densities of membrane

1968 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 2871-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yuasa ◽  
Y. Kobatake ◽  
H. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Effective Charge ◽  
Charge Densities

scholarly journals Newton’s Third Law in the Framework of Special Relativity for Charged Bodies Part 2: Preliminary Analysis of a Nano Relativistic Motor

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Asher Yahalom
Keyword(s):  
Wave Packet ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Motor Effect ◽  
Maxwell Electrodynamics ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Third Law

(1) Background: In a recent paper discussing Newton’s third law in the framework of special relativity for charged bodies, it was suggested that one can construct a practical relativistic motor provided high enough charge and current densities are available. As on the macroscopic scale charge density is limited by the phenomena of dielectric breakdown, it was suggested to take advantage of the high charge densities which are available on the microscopic scale. (2) Methods: We use standard physical theories such as Maxwell electrodynamics and quantum mechanics, supplemented by tools from vector analysis and numerics. (3) Results: We show that a hydrogen atom either in the ground state or excited state will not produce a relativistic engine effect, but by breaking the symmetry or putting the electron in a wave packet state may produce relativistic motor effect. (4) Conclusions: A highly localized wave packet will produce a strong relativistic motor effect. The preliminary analysis of the current paper suggests new promising directions of research both theoretical and experimental.

Electric field and current density in the impulse corona discharge in a rod/plane gap

1968 ◽  
Vol 304 (1477) ◽  
pp. 187-210 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Space Charge ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Conduction Current ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Charge Field ◽  
Current Densities

Measurements have been made of corona discharges in positive rod/earthed plane systems subjected to impulse voltages up to 200 kV. For this an electrostatic fluxmeter for the examination of electric fields and charge densities present in the corona has been developed and used. Measurements of electric fields and current densities so obtained during the discharge are compared with conventional measurements of total current densities. These show that the transient at the centre of the plane is a double pulse of time separation 0.1 to 1.0 μ s. The first pulse is shown by the fluxmeter to be due to induced charge on the plane surface and the second to electron emission from the surface. At the plane electrode the space charge electric field can be as great as 8 kV/cm, and the conduction current density in the corona 45 A/m 2 . The duration of the decaying space-charge field is several seconds. The construction, calibration and synchronization of the fluxmeter, which can measure electric fields down to 10 V/cm with a time resolution of 0.5 ms, are described. The principles of the device in separating the displacement and conduction current com­ponents in the discharge process are discussed.

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