scholarly journals Potential Non-invasive Urine-Based Antigen (Protein) Detection Assay to Diagnose Active Visceral Leishmaniasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Antonio Campos-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Antigen Protein

Assessment of a New Antigen Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Stefano Pizzirani ◽  
Antonio Campos-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Protein ◽  
Simple Exposure

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a serious zoonotic disease in Brazil and Southern Europe. CVL is primarily caused by Leishmania infantum and its diagnosis relies primarily on detection of parasites in bone marrow or lymph node aspirates by microscopic observation of the parasites in stained smears, parasite culture, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serological tests exist but they do not distinguish active disease from simple exposure to parasite antigens. Here, we have assessed the utility of a new monoclonal antibody––based antigen (protein) detection test for the diagnosis of CVL. The test was positive in 70% of beagle dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum. In contrast, culture of the parasites from bone marrow aspirates was positive in only 40% of the infected animals. These preliminary results suggest that this antigen detection test, which we have recently described for the diagnosis of human VL, has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for CVL.

scholarly journals Urine-Based Antigen (Protein) Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Antonio Campos-Neto ◽  
Claudia Abeijon
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Antigen Protein ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Novel Protein

This review describes and appraises a novel protein-based antigen detection test for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The test detects in patient’s urine six proteins from Leishmania infantum (chagasi) and Leishmania donovani, the etiological agents of VL. The gold standard test for VL is microscopic observation of the parasites in aspirates from spleen, liver, or bone marrow (and lymph node for dogs). Culture of the parasites or detection of their DNA in these aspirates are also commonly used. Serological tests are available but they cannot distinguish patients with active VL from either healthy subjects exposed to the parasites or from subjects who had a successful VL treatment. An antigen detection test based on the agglutination of anti-leishmania carbohydrates antibody coated latex beads has been described. However, the results obtained with this carbohydrate-based test have been conflicting. Using mass spectrometry, we discovered six L. infantum/L. donovani proteins excreted in the urine of VL patients and used them as markers for the development of a robust mAb-based antigen (protein) detection test. The test is assembled in a multiplexed format to simultaneously detect all six markers. Its initial clinical validation showed a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100% for VL diagnosis.

scholarly journals Profiling inflammatory response in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using a non-invasive sampling method combined with a high-throughput protein detection assay

Cytokine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 155056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Taslimi ◽  
Christopher Agbajogu ◽  
Siggeir Fannar Brynjolfsson ◽  
Nasrin Masoudzadeh ◽  
Vahid Mashayekhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Detection Assay

scholarly journals Detection of urinary leishmanial antigen by latex agglutination test (KAtex) in kala-azar patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
Mamun Kabir ◽  
Rashidul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Kala Azar

Background: A new unique latex agglutination test (KAtex) that detects a stable, nonprotein, disease specific parasite antigen in the freshly voided urine of patients suffering from active kala-azar has been introduced by Kalon Biological Ltd. UK. This is absolutely non-invasive method of diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis and suitable for implementation as a rapid diagnostic tool at the point of care. Objective: Diagnostic potential of KAtex was evaluated among clinically suspected kala-azar patients in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Methodology: KAtex was done using freshly voided urine according to the manufacturer’s instructions for sixty (60) clinically suspected patients of kala-azar admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Bangladesh and forty (40) healthy controls during December 2005 to June 2006. Leishmania nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ln-PCR) using peripheral blood buffy coat was performed for all study population (100) and Ln-PCR positive cases were considered as confirmed cases of kalaazar. Results: Out of 60 clinically suspected kala-azar patients, 56 were Ln-PCR positive and 53 of 56 Ln-PCR positive cases were KAtex positive (sensitivity, 94.64%; Mantel-Haenszel Chi sq. 79.66, p= 0.0000, confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). None of the healthy controls was found positive by Ln-PCR but 2 of 40 were KAtex positive (specificity, 95%; confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values of KAtex were noted as 98.10% and 92.85% respectively. Conclusion: This limited prospective study suggests that KAtex is an absolutely non-invasive urinebased antigen detection test with high sensitivity and specificity and may be useful for screening active kala-azar patients, particularly suitable for field use. Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Kala-azar; KAtex; Ln-PCR; sensitivity; specificity. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6688Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.216-222

scholarly journals Investigating the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a pilot study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Prakash Ghosh ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Albert Picado ◽  
Thomas Edwards ◽  
Md. Anik Ashfaq Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Antigen ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antigen Elisa

Background: Detection of Leishmania antigens in the urine provides a non-invasive means of diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Leishmania antigen load in the urine may vary between different time-points within a day, thus influencing the performance of antigen-detection tests. Methods: We investigated the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at three different time points (08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hours). All urine samples collected were tested with the Leishmania Antigen ELISA (VL ELISA) kit, produced by Kalon Biological Ltd., UK. Results: The median concentration of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at 08:00 (2.7 UAU-urinary antigen units/ml) was higher than at 12:00 (1.7 UAU/ml) and at 16:00 (1.9 UAU/ml). These differences were found to be statistically significant (08:00 vs. 12:00, p=0.011; 08:00 vs. 16:00, p=0.041). Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the Leishmania antigen concentration is higher in urine samples collected in the morning, which has important implications when the VL ELISA kit or other tests to detect Leishmania antigen in urine are used for diagnosis of VL and treatment monitoring.

scholarly journals Immunoproteomic Identification and Characterization of Leishmania Membrane Proteins as Non-Invasive Diagnostic Candidates for Clinical Visceral Leishmaniasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi ◽  
Anirban Bhattacharyya ◽  
Somsubhra Thakur Choudhury ◽  
Sneha Ghosh ◽  
Abdus Sabur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Development of a Multiplexed Assay for Detection ofLeishmania donovaniandLeishmania infantumProtein Biomarkers in Urine Samples of Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Fabiana Alves ◽  
Severine Monnerat ◽  
Monique Wasunna ◽  
Jane Mbui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
New Biomarkers

ABSTRACTVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious and fatal disease caused by the parasitesLeishmania infantumandLeishmania donovani. The gold standard diagnostic test for VL is the demonstration of parasites or their DNA in spleen, lymph node, or bone marrow aspirates. Serological tests exist but cannot distinguish active VL from either prior exposure to the parasites or previously treated VL disease. Using mass spectroscopy, we have previously identified threeL. infantumprotein biomarkers (Li-isd1,Li-txn1, andLi-ntf2) in the urine of VL patients and developed a sensitive and specific urine-based antigen detection assay for the diagnosis of VL that occurs in Brazil (where VL is caused byL. infantum). However, unpublished observations from our laboratory at DetectoGen showed that these biomarkers were detected in only 55% to 60% of VL patients from India and Kenya, where the disease is caused byL. donovani. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of two new biomarkers ofL. donovani(Ld-mao1andLd-ppi1) present in the urine of VL patients from these two countries. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using specific rabbit IgG and chicken IgY were developed, and the assays had sensitivities of 44.4% and 28.8% for the detection ofLd-mao1andLd-ppi1, respectively. In contrast, a multiplexed assay designed to simultaneously detect all five leishmanial biomarkers markedly increased the assay sensitivity to 82.2%. These results validate the utility of leishmanial protein biomarkers found in the urine of VL patients as powerful tools for the development of an accurate diagnostic test for this disease.

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