scholarly journals Testing urine samples with rK39 strip as the simplest non-invasive field diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis: An early report from eastern India

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Goswami ◽  
S Das ◽  
RP Goswami ◽  
Y Ray ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Early Report ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Investigating the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a pilot study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Prakash Ghosh ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Albert Picado ◽  
Thomas Edwards ◽  
Md. Anik Ashfaq Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Antigen ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antigen Elisa

Background: Detection of Leishmania antigens in the urine provides a non-invasive means of diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Leishmania antigen load in the urine may vary between different time-points within a day, thus influencing the performance of antigen-detection tests. Methods: We investigated the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at three different time points (08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hours). All urine samples collected were tested with the Leishmania Antigen ELISA (VL ELISA) kit, produced by Kalon Biological Ltd., UK. Results: The median concentration of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at 08:00 (2.7 UAU-urinary antigen units/ml) was higher than at 12:00 (1.7 UAU/ml) and at 16:00 (1.9 UAU/ml). These differences were found to be statistically significant (08:00 vs. 12:00, p=0.011; 08:00 vs. 16:00, p=0.041). Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the Leishmania antigen concentration is higher in urine samples collected in the morning, which has important implications when the VL ELISA kit or other tests to detect Leishmania antigen in urine are used for diagnosis of VL and treatment monitoring.

scholarly journals A non-invasive method to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from primate urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Geuder ◽  
Lucas E. Wange ◽  
Aleksandar Janjic ◽  
Jessica Radmer ◽  
Philipp Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractComparing the molecular and cellular properties among primates is crucial to better understand human evolution and biology. However, it is difficult or ethically impossible to collect matched tissues from many primates, especially during development. An alternative is to model different cell types and their development using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These can be generated from many tissue sources, but non-invasive sampling would decisively broaden the spectrum of non-human primates that can be investigated. Here, we report the generation of primate iPSCs from urine samples. We first validate and optimize the procedure using human urine samples and show that suspension- Sendai Virus transduction of reprogramming factors into urinary cells efficiently generates integration-free iPSCs, which maintain their pluripotency under feeder-free culture conditions. We demonstrate that this method is also applicable to gorilla and orangutan urinary cells isolated from a non-sterile zoo floor. We characterize the urinary cells, iPSCs and derived neural progenitor cells using karyotyping, immunohistochemistry, differentiation assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the urine-derived human iPSCs are indistinguishable from well characterized PBMC-derived human iPSCs and that the gorilla and orangutan iPSCs are well comparable to the human iPSCs. In summary, this study introduces a novel and efficient approach to non-invasively generate iPSCs from primate urine. This will extend the zoo of species available for a comparative approach to molecular and cellular phenotypes.

scholarly journals Detection of urinary leishmanial antigen by latex agglutination test (KAtex) in kala-azar patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
Mamun Kabir ◽  
Rashidul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Kala Azar

Background: A new unique latex agglutination test (KAtex) that detects a stable, nonprotein, disease specific parasite antigen in the freshly voided urine of patients suffering from active kala-azar has been introduced by Kalon Biological Ltd. UK. This is absolutely non-invasive method of diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis and suitable for implementation as a rapid diagnostic tool at the point of care. Objective: Diagnostic potential of KAtex was evaluated among clinically suspected kala-azar patients in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Methodology: KAtex was done using freshly voided urine according to the manufacturer’s instructions for sixty (60) clinically suspected patients of kala-azar admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Bangladesh and forty (40) healthy controls during December 2005 to June 2006. Leishmania nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ln-PCR) using peripheral blood buffy coat was performed for all study population (100) and Ln-PCR positive cases were considered as confirmed cases of kalaazar. Results: Out of 60 clinically suspected kala-azar patients, 56 were Ln-PCR positive and 53 of 56 Ln-PCR positive cases were KAtex positive (sensitivity, 94.64%; Mantel-Haenszel Chi sq. 79.66, p= 0.0000, confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). None of the healthy controls was found positive by Ln-PCR but 2 of 40 were KAtex positive (specificity, 95%; confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values of KAtex were noted as 98.10% and 92.85% respectively. Conclusion: This limited prospective study suggests that KAtex is an absolutely non-invasive urinebased antigen detection test with high sensitivity and specificity and may be useful for screening active kala-azar patients, particularly suitable for field use. Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Kala-azar; KAtex; Ln-PCR; sensitivity; specificity. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6688Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.216-222

scholarly journals DIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST WITH URINE SAMPLES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD ZAHIDUL ISLAM ◽  
IFTIKHAR AHMED ◽  
ABDUL HALIM SARDER ◽  
RUSELLA MIRZA ◽  
EISAKU KIMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test

scholarly journals Non-invasive detection of bladder cancer through the analysis of driver gene mutations and aneuploidy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Springer ◽  
Maria Del Carmen Rodriguez Pena ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Christopher Douville ◽  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Driver Gene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Copy Number Changes

AbstractCurrent non-invasive approaches for bladder cancer (BC) detection are suboptimal. We report the development of non-invasive molecular test for BC using DNA recovered from cells shed into urine. This “UroSEEK” test incorporates assays for mutations in 11 genes and copy number changes on 39 chromosome arms. We first evaluated 570 urine samples from patients at risk for BC (microscopic hematuria or dysuria). UroSEEK was positive in 83% of patients that developed BC, but in only 7% of patients who did not develop BC. Combined with cytology, 95% of patients that developed BC were positive. We then evaluated 322 urine samples from patients soon after their BCs had been surgically resected. UroSEEK detected abnormalities in 66% of the urine samples from these patients, sometimes up to 4 years prior to clinical evidence of residual neoplasia, while cytology was positive in only 25% of such urine samples. The advantages of UroSEEK over cytology were particularly evident in low-grade tumors, wherein cytology detected none while UroSEEK detected 67% of 49 cases. These results establish the foundation for a new, non-invasive approach to the detection of BC in patients at risk for initial or recurrent disease.

scholarly journals Immunoproteomic Identification and Characterization of Leishmania Membrane Proteins as Non-Invasive Diagnostic Candidates for Clinical Visceral Leishmaniasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi ◽  
Anirban Bhattacharyya ◽  
Somsubhra Thakur Choudhury ◽  
Sneha Ghosh ◽  
Abdus Sabur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Detection of S-100β Protein in Plasma and Urine After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Le Sage ◽  
Pier-Alexandre Tardif ◽  
Jérôme Frenette ◽  
Marcel Émond ◽  
Jean-Marc Chauny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 1 Trauma Center

ABSTRACT:This study assessed whether S-100β protein could be measured in urine when detectable in plasma after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Clinical data, plasma and urine samples were collected for the 46 adult patients prospectively enrolled in the emergency department (ED) of a Level 1 trauma center. S-100β protein concentrations were analysed using ELISA. S-100β protein was detectable in 91% and 71% of plasma and urine samples, but values were not correlated (r = 0.002). Urine sampling would have been a non-invasive procedure, but it does not appear to be useful in the ED during the acute phase after an mTBI.

scholarly journals Quality and cost assessment of Canadian Urological Association microscopic hematuria guidelines in clinical practice: Turning urine into gold

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Assmus ◽  
D. Beyer ◽  
Joan Hanks ◽  
Mathew Estey ◽  
Keith F. Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Adherence ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Microscopic Hematuria ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Database Evaluation ◽  
Alberta Health

Introduction: Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) is defined in the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) guidelines as >2 red blood cells (RBCs) per high-powered field (hpf). Our objective is to evaluate guideline adherence for AMH at our centre. Secondarily, we aim to identify areas of the guideline that can be optimized. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 875 consecutive adults referred to two urologists for hematuria from June 2010–2016. Patient characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes were added to an encrypted REDCap database. Evaluation of microscopic hematuria reporting was performed by analyzing 681 urine samples reported as 1–5 RBC/hpf. Healthcare costs were obtained from Alberta Health Services (AHS), Data Integration and Management Repository (DIMR), and Alberta Society of Radiologists (ASR). Results: Of the 875 patients referred with hematuria, 400 had AMH. Overall, 96.5% completed evaluation consistent with the CUA guideline. The incidence of pathology requiring surgical intervention was 21/400 (5%), with a 0.8% rate (3/400) of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) (non-invasive, low-grade). No malignancy was found in non-smokers with normal cytology, normal imaging and <50 RBC/hpf; 44% had AMH in the 1–5 RBCs/hpf range. Only 41% (279/681) of urine samples categorized as 1–5 RBCs/hpf had guideline-defined microscopic hematuria. By changing local microscopic hematuria reporting to differentiate 1–2 and 3–5 RBCs/hpf, we estimate $745 000 in annual savings. Conclusions: At our centre, CUA AMH guideline adherence is high. We did not find malignancy in non-smokers with normal cytology, imaging, and <50 RBC/hpf. We identified and changed regional microscopic hematuria reporting to fit the CUA definition, eliminating unnecessary investigations and healthcare costs.

Use of next-generation deep sequencing to improve FGFR3 mutation detection in the urine of patients with bladder cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
John M. Millholland ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Cecilia A. Fernandez ◽  
Anthony P. Shuber
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Mutation Detection ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
High Background ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fgfr3 Mutation ◽  
Fgfr3 Mutations

289 Background: FGFR3 mutations have been identified in ∼60-70% of low-stage, non-invasive tumors. Our group and others have developed assays to detect FGFR3 mutations in the urine of bladder cancer patients. However, urine-based assays have been limited by the technical ability to detect rare events in a dilute medium where there is a high background of normal DNA. In these assays, FGFR3 mutations are generally found in ∼30% of the urine samples, which is < 50% concordance with the expected detection in tissue. We have now developed an ultra-deep amplicon sequencing technique that increases FGFR3 mutation detection in urine to ∼67%, near the expected detection if every mutation found in tissue could be detected in urine. Methods: Amplicons were designed against FGFR3 exons 7, 10, and 15 using PCR primers containing the adapter sequences for unidirectional sequencing. Taqman probes were used to determine if sufficient DNA was present in each sample. Primary amplification was performed from DNA isolated from 4 ml of urine. The resulting PCR products were used as template for emulsion PCR and these were then sequenced using the Roche 454 GS Junior. Samples were analyzed for total DNA reads per sample and number of mutant sequencing reads to determine percent mutation. Results: Urine samples from 29 patients with stage Ta bladder cancer were analyzed by both our previously described qPCR method and the new ultra-deep sequencing approach. Of the 29 samples, 2 did not have sufficient DNA for analysis by sequencing. Using ultra-deep amplicon sequencing, 18 out of 27 (66.7%) were positive for FGFR3 mutations, while only 3 out of 27 (11.1%) were positive for mutations by qPCR. The urine samples from the 15 newly identified mutations using deep sequencing contained FGFR3 mutations as low as 0.05%. The sensitivity achieved using deep sequencing approximates the FGFR3 mutations observed in tissue. Conclusions: We have developed a highly sensitive non-invasive urine based assay that can detect FGFR3 mutant DNA when present at < 1% of the sample and suggests > 90% concordance with the expected mutations in Ta tumor tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first practical application of next generation sequencing technology for diagnostic use.

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