scholarly journals Revised estimates of leprosy disability weights for assessing the global burden of disease: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009209
Author(s):  
Shri Lak Nanjan Chandran ◽  
Anuj Tiwari ◽  
Anselmo Alves Lustosa ◽  
Betul Demir ◽  
Bob Bowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
Level Data

Background Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which may lead to physical disability, stigma, and discrimination. The chronicity of the disease and disabilities are the prime contributors to the disease burden of leprosy. The current figures of the disease burden in the 2017 global burden of disease study, however, are considered to be under-estimated. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature and perform individual patient data meta-analysis to estimate new disability weights for leprosy, using Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) data. Methodology/principal findings The search strategy included all major databases with no restriction on language, setting, study design, or year of publication. Studies on human populations that have been affected by leprosy and recorded the HRQOL with the Short form tool, were included. A consortium was formed with authors who could share the anonymous individual-level data of their study. Mean disability weight estimates, sorted by the grade of leprosy disability as defined by WHO, were estimated for individual participant data and pooled using multivariate random-effects meta-analysis. Eight out of 14 studies from the review were included in the meta-analysis due to the availability of individual-level data (667 individuals). The overall estimated disability weight for grade 2 disability was 0.26 (95%CI: 0.18–0.34). For grade 1 disability the estimated weight was 0.19 (95%CI: 0.13–0.26) and for grade 0 disability it was 0.13 (95%CI: 0.06–0.19). The revised disability weight for grade 2 leprosy disability is four times higher than the published GBD 2017 weights for leprosy and the grade 1 disability weight is nearly twenty times higher. Conclusions/significance The global burden of leprosy is grossly underestimated. Revision of the current disability weights and inclusion of disability caused in individuals with grade 0 leprosy disability will contribute towards a more precise estimation of the global burden of leprosy.

scholarly journals Completeness and quality of low back pain prevalence data in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e005847
Author(s):  
Mamata Tamrakar ◽  
Priti Kharel ◽  
Adrian Traeger ◽  
Chris Maher ◽  
Mary O'Keeffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Pain Prevalence ◽  
Acceptable Measure

IntroductionCompleteness of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study data is acknowledged as a limitation. To date, no study has evaluated this issue for low back pain, a leading contributor to disease burden globally.MethodsWe retrieved reports, in any language, based on citation details from the GBD 2017 study website. Pairs of raters independently extracted the following data: number of prevalence reports tallied across countries, age groups, gender and years from 1987 to 2017. We also considered if studies enrolled a representative sample and/or used an acceptable measure of low back pain.ResultsWe retrieved 488 country-level reports that provide prevalence data for 103 of 204 countries (50.5%), with most prevalence reports (61%) being for high-income countries. Only 16 countries (7.8%) have prevalence reports for each of the three decades of the GBD. Most of the reports (79%) did not use an acceptable measure of low back pain when estimating prevalence.ConclusionWe found incomplete coverage across countries and time, and limitations in the primary prevalence studies included in the GBD 2017 study. This means there is considerable uncertainty about GBD estimates of low back pain prevalence and the disease burden metrics derived from prevalence.

scholarly journals Diseases due to unhealthy environments: an updated estimate of the global burden of disease attributable to environmental determinants of health

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prüss-Ustün ◽  
J. Wolf ◽  
C. Corvalán ◽  
T. Neville ◽  
R. Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Abstract Background The update of the global burden of disease attributable to the environment is presented. The study focuses on modifiable risks to show the potential health impact from environmental interventions. Methods Systematic literature reviews on 133 diseases and injuries were performed. Comparative risk assessments were complemented by more limited epidemiological estimates, expert opinion and information on disease transmission pathways. Population attributable fractions were used to calculate global deaths and global disease burden from environmental risks. Results Twenty-three percent (95% CI: 13–34%) of global deaths and 22% (95% CI: 13–32%) of global disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to environmental risks in 2012. Sixty-eight percent of deaths and 56% of DALYs could be estimated with comparative risk assessment methods. The global disease burden attributable to the environment is now dominated by noncommunicable diseases. Susceptible ages are children under five and adults between 50 and 75 years. Country level data are presented. Conclusions Nearly a quarter of global disease burden could be prevented by reducing environmental risks. This analysis confirms that eliminating hazards and reducing environmental risks will greatly benefit our health, will contribute to attaining the recently agreed Sustainable Development Goals and will systematically require intersectoral collaboration to be successful.

scholarly journals Disability weights from a household survey in a low socio-economic setting: how does it compare to the global burden of disease 2010 study?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neethling ◽  
Jennifer Jelsma ◽  
Lebogang Ramma ◽  
Helen Schneider ◽  
Debbie Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Weights

scholarly journals Alcohol‐attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries: a comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors 2013 study

Addiction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1806-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie E. Agardh ◽  
Anna‐Karin Danielsson ◽  
Mats Ramstedt ◽  
Astrid Ledgaard Holm ◽  
Finn Diderichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden

scholarly journals State of the evidence: a survey of global disparities in clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain J Marshall ◽  
Veline L’Esperence ◽  
Rachel Marshall ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Anna Noel-Storr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
List Type ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Global Disease Burden

ABSTRACTIntroductionIdeally, health conditions causing the greatest global disease burden should attract increased research attention. We conducted a comprehensive global study investigating the number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published on different health conditions, and how this compares with the global disease burden that they impose.MethodsWe use machine learning to monitor PubMed daily, and find and analyse RCT reports. We assessed RCTs investigating the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease study. Using regression models, we compared numbers of actual RCTs in different health conditions to numbers predicted from their global disease burden (Disability-Adjusted Life Years [DALYs]). We investigated whether RCT numbers differed for conditions disproportionately affecting countries with lower socio-economic development.ResultsWe estimate 463,000 articles describing RCTs (95% prediction interval 439,000–485,000) were published from 1990 to July 2020. RCTs recruited a median of 72 participants (interquartile range 32–195). 82% of RCTs were conducted by researchers in the top fifth of countries by socio-economic development. As DALYs increased for a particular health condition by 10%, the number of RCTs in the same year increased by 5% (3.2%–6.9%), but the association was weak (adjusted R2=0.13). Conditions disproportionately affecting countries with lower socio-economic development, including respiratory infections and tuberculosis (7 thousand RCTs below predicted) and enteric infections (10 thousand RCTs below predicted), appear relatively under-researched for their disease burden. Each 10% shift in DALYs towards countries with low and middle socio-economic development was associated with a 4% reduction in RCTs (3.7%–4.9%). These disparities have not changed substantially over time.ConclusionResearch priorities are not well optimized to reduce the global burden of disease. Most RCTs are produced by highly developed countries, and the health needs of these countries have been, on average, favoured.Key questionsWhat is already known?Prior studies have manually investigated the relationship between published research in different health conditions and the global burden of disease that they impose.However, these analyses have been mostly limited to estimates of research funding from national funders, or smaller scale analysis of older publication records.These studies have highlighted disparities in research relative to burden, but they are not sufficient to enable global targeting of research to optimise improvements in disease burden.What are the new findings?We automatically process all of PubMed, allowing us to conduct a continually updated, comprehensive analysis of published reports of RCTs, including the number of participants per RCT and the health conditions studied.We found that considerable disparities exist between the relative volume of evidence on some conditions and the global burden of disease that they impose, as calculated by the Global Burden of Disease study.Further, our analysis suggests that there exists a smaller amount of evidence for conditions that impose a comparatively large burden of disease in lower-income countries.What do the new findings imply?Looking at numbers of RCTs published, and the numbers of participants in these trials, it seems that research priorities are not optimized to reduce the global burden of disease, and that research for conditions affecting higher-income countries has, on average, been favoured.The findings from this study could help research funders to focus research investment in areas where the largest reductions in disease burden could be made.

scholarly journals Basis for changes in the global burden of disease estimates related to vitamin A and zinc deficiencies in the GBD 2017 and 2019 studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sonja Y. Hess ◽  
Alexander C. McLain ◽  
Haley Lescinsky ◽  
Kenneth H. Brown ◽  
Ashkan Afshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract Background: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of death and disability from 87 risk factors, including some micronutrient deficiencies. Objectives: To review methodological changes that led to large differences in the disease burden estimates for vitamin A and zinc deficiencies between the GBD 2017 and 2019 Studies. Methods: GBD publications were reviewed; additional information was provided by GBD researchers. Results: Vitamin A deficiency prevalence is based on plasma retinol concentration, whereas the estimate for zinc deficiency prevalence uses dietary adequacy as a proxy. The estimated global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency for children aged 1-4 years in the year 2017 decreased from 0.20 (95%CI 0.17-0.24) in GBD 2017 to 0.16 (95%CI 0.15-0.19) in GBD 2019, while the global prevalence of zinc deficiency did not change between the two studies (0.09 (95%CI 0.04-0.17) and 0.09 (95%CI 0.03-0.18)). New to 2019 was that meta-analyses were performed using Meta Regression – Bayesian, Regularized, Trimmed (MR-BRT), a method developed for GBD. Due to this and multiple other methodological changes the estimated number of deaths due to vitamin A deficiency dropped from 233,000 (179,000–294,000) to 24,000 (3,000–50,000) from GBD 2017 to 2019, and for zinc deficiency from 29,000 (1,000–77,000) to 2,800 (700–6,500), respectively. Conclusion: The changes in the estimated disease burdens due to vitamin A and zinc deficiencies in the GBD reports from 2017 to 2019 are due primarily to changes in the analytical methods employed, so may not represent true changes in disease burden. Additional effort is needed to validate these results.

scholarly journals Mapping the Trends in Esophageal Cancer Disease Burden in the United States: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
Jintao Zhan ◽  
Xiguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
Siyang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is the 7th leading cancer globally and the 10th leading cancer in the United States. However, it is has received limited attention over more common malignancies. Only a few studies have comprehensively assessed disease burden from esophageal cancer in the United States (US). Methods: Using states-categorized data on incidence, mortality, and Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs), this study analyzed the current trends in esophageal cancer disease burden. Data and risk factor indicators were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) online resource and used to determine annual relative change. Results: We report here that between 1990 and 2017, the number of esophageal cancer new cases, deaths and DALYs in the US increased significantly, while the Age-standardized Rate (ASR) of disease incidence remained constant. During the same time, disease burden from esophageal cancer in males was higher than that in females. Economically stronger states trend to had lesser disease burden from esophageal cancer. Smoking and alcohol use contributed most of the burden while influence of high body-mass index and diet low in fruits grew largely. Conclusions: This study provided an analysis of esophageal cancer disease burden in the United States that will inform the design of targeted strategies for disease prevention tailored to different states.

scholarly journals The burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to high BMI in Brazil, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes ◽  
Ewerton Cousin ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Ísis Eloah Machado ◽  
Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background The prevalence and burden of disease resulting from obesity have increased worldwide. In Brazil, more than half of the population is now overweight. However, the impact of this growing risk factor on disease burden remains inexact. Using the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results, this study sought to estimate mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to non-communicable diseases caused by high body mass index (BMI) in both sexes and across age categories. This study also aimed to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity throughout the states of Brazil. Methods Age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated between 1990 and 2017. A comparative risk assessment was applied to estimate DALYs and deaths for non-communicable diseases and for all causes linked to high BMI. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased during the period of analysis. Overall, age-standardized prevalence of obesity in Brazil was higher in females (29.8%) than in males (24.6%) in 2017; however, since 1990, males have presented greater rise in obesity (244.1%) than females (165.7%). Increases in prevalence burden were greatest in states from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Overall, burden due to high BMI also increased from 1990 to 2017. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 12.3% (8.8–16.1%) of all deaths and 8.4% (6.3–10.7%) of total DALYs lost to non-communicable diseases, up from 7.2% (4.1–10.8%), and 4.6% (2.4-6.0%) in 1990, respectively. Change due to risk exposure is the leading contributor to the growth of BMI burden in Brazil. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 165,954 deaths and 5,095,125 DALYs. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes have proven to be the most prevalent causes of deaths, along with DALYs caused by high BMI, regardless of sex or state. Conclusions This study demonstrates increasing age-standardized prevalence of obesity in all Brazilian states. High BMI plays an important role in disease burdens in terms of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and all causes of mortality. Assessing levels and trends in exposures to high BMI and the resulting disease burden highlights the current priority for primary prevention and public health action initiatives focused on obesity.

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