scholarly journals Mark-release-recapture of male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Use of rhodamine B to estimate movement, mating and population parameters in preparation for an incompatible male program

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009357
Author(s):  
Brendan J. Trewin ◽  
Daniel E. Pagendam ◽  
Brian J. Johnson ◽  
Chris Paton ◽  
Nigel Snoad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Population Surveillance ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Wide Population

Rapid advances in biological and digital support systems are revolutionizing the population control of invasive disease vectors such as Aedes aegypti. Methods such as the sterile and incompatible insect techniques (SIT/IIT) rely on modified males to seek out and successfully mate with females, and in doing so outcompete the wild male population for mates. Currently, these interventions most frequently infer mating success through area-wide population surveillance and estimates of mating competitiveness are rare. Furthermore, little is known about male Ae. aegypti behaviour and biology in field settings. In preparation for a large, community scale IIT program, we undertook a series of mark- release-recapture experiments using rhodamine B to mark male Ae. aegypti sperm and measure mating interactions with females. We also developed a Spatial and Temporally Evolving Isotropic Kernel (STEIK) framework to assist researchers to estimate the movement of individuals through space and time. Results showed that ~40% of wild females captured daily were unmated, suggesting interventions will need to release males multiple times per week to be effective at suppressing Ae. aegypti populations. Males moved rapidly through the landscape, particularly when released during the night. Although males moved further than what is typically observed in females of the species, survival was considerably lower. These unique insights improve our understanding of mating interactions in wild Ae. aegypti populations and lay the foundation for robust suppression strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Mark-release-recapture of male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): use of rhodamine B to estimate movement, mating and population parameters in preparation for an incompatible male program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J. Trewin ◽  
Daniel Pagendam ◽  
Brian J. Johnson ◽  
Chris Paton ◽  
Nigel Snoad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Mark Release Recapture

AbstractRapid advances in biological and digital technologies are revolutionizing the population control of invasive disease vectors such as Aedes aegypti. Methods such as the sterile and incompatible insect techniques (SIT/IIT) rely on modified males to seek out and successfully mate with females, and in doing so outcompete the wild male population for mates. Currently, these interventions infer the success of mating interactions between male and female insects through area-wide population surveillance and observations of mating competitiveness are rare. Furthermore, little is known about male Ae. aegypti behaviours and biology in field settings. In preparation for a large, community scale IIT program, we undertook a series of mark-release-recapture experiments using rhodamine B to mark male Ae. aegypti sperm and measure mating interactions with females. We also developed the Spatial and Temporally Evolving Isotropic Kernel (STEIK) framework to assist researchers to estimate the movement of individuals through space and time. Results showed that ~40% of daily females captured were unmated, suggesting interventions will need to release males regularly to be effective at suppressing Ae. aegypti populations. Males moved rapidly through the landscape, particularly when released during the night. Although males moved further than what is typically observed in females of the species, survival was considerably lower. These unique insights will lead to a greater understanding of mating interactions in wild insect populations and lay the foundation for robust suppression strategies in the future.Author SummaryModern scientific techniques for controlling populations of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, utilize the mating biology of adult male mosquitoes to achieve suppression through a sterilization process. As the study of Ae. aegypti control has typically focused on adult female mosquitoes, knowledge on male movement, survival and mating interactions in the field is lacking. Here we undertook several mark-release-recapture experiments on adult male Ae. aegypti in Innisfail, Australia, and measured important biological parameters. For the first time in large field experiments, we employed rhodamine B as a marker that when fed to adult males, identified both marked males and the wild females they mated with. We observed males moving further through the landscape, but surviving for a shorter period, than previous measurements undertaken on females in a field setting. A high proportion (~40%) of unmated females suggests individuals are constantly available for mating. As such, sterile male strategies may need to release at regular intervals to achieve effective population suppression. The unique insights provided by this study will assist in designing future sterile male field interventions.

scholarly journals Use of rhodamine B to mark the body and seminal fluid of male Aedes aegypti for mark-release-recapture experiments and estimating efficacy of sterile male releases

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0005902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Johnson ◽  
Sara N. Mitchell ◽  
Christopher J. Paton ◽  
Jessica Stevenson ◽  
Kyran M. Staunton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Sterile Male Releases

scholarly journals Incursion pathways of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) into Australia contrast sharply with those of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Schmidt ◽  
Jessica Chung ◽  
Anthony R. van Rooyen ◽  
Angus Sly ◽  
Andrew R Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Asian Tiger Mosquito ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Asian Tiger

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding pest incursion pathways is critical for preventing new invasions and for stopping the transfer of alleles that reduce the efficacy of local control methods. The mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus) are both highly invasive disease vectors, and through a series of ongoing international incursions are continuing to colonise new regions and spread insecticide resistance alleles among established populations. This study uses high-resolution molecular markers and a set of 241 reference genotypes to trace incursion pathways of Ae. albopictus into mainland Australia, where no successful invasions have yet been observed. We contrast these results with incursion pathways of Ae. aegypti, investigated previously.RESULTSAssignments successful identified China, Japan, Singapore and Taiwan as source locations. Incursion pathways of Ae. albopictus were entirely different to those of Ae. aegypti, despite broad sympatry of these species throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Incursions of Ae. albopictus appeared to have come predominantly along marine routes from key trading locations, while Ae. aegypti was mostly linked to aerial routes from tourism hotspots.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate how genomics can help decipher otherwise cryptic incursion pathways. The inclusion of reference genotypes from the Americas may help resolve some unsuccessful assignments. While many congeneric taxa will share common incursion pathways, this study highlights that this is not always the case, and incursion pathways of important taxa should be specifically investigated. Species differences in aerial and marine incursion rates may reflect the efficacy of ongoing control programs such as aircraft disinsection.

scholarly journals Failure of Permethrin-Treated Military Uniforms to Protect Against a Laboratory-Maintained Knockdown-Resistant Strain of Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Alden S. Estep ◽  
Neil D. Sanscrainte ◽  
Ingeborg Cuba ◽  
Gregory M. Allen ◽  
James J. Becnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Preliminary Study

ABSTRACT Military forces and the recreational industry rely on the repellent properties of permethrin-treated fabrics and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (deet)–based lotions to provide protection from disease vectors and hematophagous organisms. Concerns regarding efficacy have been raised as pyrethroid resistance becomes more common and recent publications present contradictory conclusions. In this preliminary study, consenting volunteers were exposed to pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti strains while wearing sleeves of untreated or permethrin-treated army uniform fabric as well as with untreated or deet-treated exposed forearms. Deet was nearly 100% effective against both susceptible and resistant strains. However, permethrin treatment provided no significant protection against the resistant Puerto Rico strain relative to untreated control sleeves. These results confirm that pyrethroid-resistant vectors can negate the efficacy of permethrin-treated uniforms. Additional testing with resistant field strains is needed to better understand the risk to service members.

scholarly journals Aedes vector–host olfactory interactions in sylvatic and domestic dengue transmission environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20192136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Tchouassi ◽  
Juliah W. Jacob ◽  
Edwin O. Ogola ◽  
Rosemary Sang ◽  
Baldwyn Torto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Human Primate

Interactions between Aedes ( Stegomyia ) species and non-human primate (NHP) and human hosts govern the transmission of the pathogens, dengue, zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. Little is known about Aedes mosquito olfactory interactions with these hosts in the domestic and sylvatic cycles where these viruses circulate. Here, we explore how the different host-derived skin odours influence Aedes mosquito responses in these two environments. In field assays, we show that the cyclic ketone cyclohexanone is a signature cue for Aedes mosquitoes to detect the NHP baboon, sykes and vervet, whereas for humans, it is the unsaturated aliphatic keto-analogue 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). We find that in the sylvatic environment, CO 2 -baited traps combined with either cyclohexanone or sulcatone increased trap catches of Aedes mosquitoes compared to traps either baited with CO 2 alone or CO 2 combined with NHP- or human-derived crude skin odours. In the domestic environment, each of these odourants and crude human skin odours increased Aedes aegypti catches in CO 2 -baited traps. These results expand our knowledge on the role of host odours in the ecologies of Aedes mosquitoes, and the likelihood of associated spread of pathogens between primates and humans. Both cyclohexanone and sulcatone have potential practical applications as lures for monitoring Aedes disease vectors.

scholarly journals How long is long enough? Decreasing effects in Aedes aegypti larval mortality by plant extracts over time

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Gilberto Dinis Cozzer ◽  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Junir Antônio Lutinski ◽  
Walter Antônio Roman ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Human Intoxication ◽  
Short Time

Aedes aegypti has overcome all kinds of mosquito control attempts over the last century. Strategies for population control resorts to the use of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to problems like human intoxication and environmental contamination. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), and Ilex theezans (caúna herb) extracts against A. aegypti larvae were evaluated. The bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature (27 ± 3°C) and photoperiod (12 h). Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of I. theezans displayed better residual effect compared to the aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis fruits. The strongest residual effect of I. theezans was probably due to the presence of certain chemicals in its leaves, such as coumarins, hemolytic saponins, and cyanogenic glucosides, which were absent in I. paraguariensis. The results herein contributed to the prospection of natural insecticides and opened the possibility for subsequent studies on the use of plant extracts in field situations in a short-time scale.

scholarly journals Genetic incompatibility combined with female-lethality is effective and robust in simulations of Aedes aegypti population control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Maselko ◽  
Stephen Heinsch ◽  
Siba Das ◽  
Michael J. Smanski
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Gene Drives ◽  
Aegypti Population

Recent reports of CRISPR/Cas9-based suppression gene drives in insects underscore the challenge of overcoming genetic resistance. Here we present results from agent-based simulation modeling of a novel Field-Amplified Male Sterility System (FAMSS) that outperforms suppression gene drives when challenged with genetic resistance. FAMSS combines a recently described synthetic genetic incompatibility approach with previously demonstrated female-lethality constructs. Our results suggest that FAMSS will be an effective strategy for temporally and spatially self-limited suppression of the disease vectoring mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

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