scholarly journals Urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence targets to determine elimination as a public health problem based on microhematuria prevalence in school-age children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009451
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Wiegand ◽  
Fiona M. Fleming ◽  
Anne Straily ◽  
Susan P. Montgomery ◽  
Sake J. de Vlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
School Age ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Morbidity Control

Background Recent research suggests that schistosomiasis targets for morbidity control and elimination as a public health problem could benefit from a reanalysis. These analyses would define evidence-based targets that control programs could use to confidently assert that they had controlled or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem. We estimated how low Schistosoma haematobium infection levels diagnosed by urine filtration in school-age children should be decreased so that microhematuria prevalence was at, or below, a “background” level of morbidity. Methodology Data obtained from school-age children in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Tanzania, and Zambia who participated in schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation cohorts were reanalyzed before and after initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Bayesian models estimated the infection level prevalence probabilities associated with microhematuria thresholds ≤10%, 13%, or 15%. Principal findings An infection prevalence of 5% could be a sensible target for urogenital schistosomiasis morbidity control in children as microhematuria prevalence was highly likely to be below 10% in all surveys. Targets of 8% and 11% infection prevalence were highly likely to result in microhematuria levels less than 13% and 15%, respectively. By contrast, measuring heavy-intensity infections only achieves these thresholds at impractically low prevalence levels. Conclusions/Significance A target of 5%, 8%, or 11% urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence in school-age children could be used to determine whether a geographic area has controlled or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem depending on the local background threshold of microhematuria.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on stunting and its determinants among school-age children (6-14years) in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248390
Author(s):  
Setognal Birara Aychiluhm ◽  
Abay woday Tadesse ◽  
Kusse Urmale Mare ◽  
Dessie Abebaw ◽  
Netsanet Worku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background In Ethiopia, stunting is a common public health problem among school-age children. Even though several studies were conducted in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence of stunting and its determinants not estimated. Therefore, this study intends to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of stunting among school-age children in Ethiopia. Methods This review protocol is registered at PROSPERO with Registration number: CRD42020160625. Online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Science direct), Google, Google Scholar, and other grey literature will be used to search articles until June 2020. The quality assessment will be performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The analysis will be organized and presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined using a chi-squared test on Cochran’s Q statistic with a 5% level of statistical significance, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression will be performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity. To identify influential studies, sensitivity analysis will be conducted. Presence publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots. The presence of a statistical association will be declared at a p-value <0.05 with the 95% CI. Discussion Stunting is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, which affects the health of children. So, designing and implementing different nutritional strategies and promoting healthcare services is extremely mandatory to overcome stunting problems in the country. To understand this, estimating the prevalence of stunting at the national level and determining the pertinent common determinants using high-level evidence is fairly imperative. Therefore, this study will offer a summarizing finding.

scholarly journals Predictors of Stunting among School-Age Children in Northwestern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Lisanu Mazengia ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Biks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age

Background. Stunting is a major public health problem in most developing countries, and it increases the risk of illness and death throughout childhood. It is also a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Most of the few studies done in Ethiopia were done in schools. However, the prevalence of stunting of school-age children at the community level is largely unknown. Objective. To assess prevalence and predictors of stunting among school-age children in Mecha District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 28, 2017, to October 10, 2017. Target population for the study was school-age children (children of age 5–15). A total of 802 children were included in the study. The multistage sampling procedure was applied. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using the structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement was performed and analyzed using ENA SMART software. Association was assessed using logistic regression (backward LR). Statistical significance was measured using adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI and P value less than 0.05. Results. About 37.9%, with 95% CI (34.6, 41.3), of children were stunted. The predictors of stunting were child age with AOR (95% CI) 1.4 (1.02, 1.91), family size with AOR (95% CI) 1.83 (1.21, 2.75), mother’s education with AOR (95% CI) 1.81 (1.01, 3.24), father’s occupation with AOR (95% CI) 5.23 (1.55, 17.64), and child’s immunization status with AOR (95% CI) 5.6 (2.90, 10.82). Conclusion. Stunting is still an important problem among children in the age of 5–15 years. Therefore, special attention should be given to child’s full immunization, limiting of family size, continued promotion of female education, and appropriate feeding practice of children depending on their age.

scholarly journals Associations between infection intensity categories and morbidity prevalence in school-age children are much stronger for Schistosoma haematobium than for S. mansoni

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009444
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Wiegand ◽  
W. Evan Secor ◽  
Fiona M. Fleming ◽  
Michael D. French ◽  
Charles H. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis

Background World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for measuring global progress in schistosomiasis control classify individuals with Schistosoma spp. infections based on the concentration of excreted eggs. We assessed the associations between WHO infection intensity categories and morbidity prevalence for selected S. haematobium and S. mansoni morbidities in school-age children. Methodology A total of 22,488 children aged 6–15 years from monitoring and evaluation cohorts in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia from 2003–2008 were analyzed using Bayesian logistic regression. Models were utilized to evaluate associations between intensity categories and the prevalence of any urinary bladder lesion, any upper urinary tract lesion, microhematuria, and pain while urinating (for S. haematobium) and irregular hepatic ultrasound image pattern (C-F), enlarged portal vein, laboratory-confirmed diarrhea, and self-reported diarrhea (for S. mansoni) across participants with infection and morbidity data. Principal findings S. haematobium infection intensity categories possessed consistent morbidity prevalence across surveys for multiple morbidities and participants with light infections had elevated morbidity levels, compared to negative participants. Conversely, S. mansoni infection intensity categories lacked association with prevalence of the morbidity measures assessed. Conclusions/significance Current status infection intensity categories for S. haematobium were associated with morbidity levels in school-age children, suggesting urogenital schistosomiasis morbidity can be predicted by an individual’s intensity category. Conversely, S. mansoni infection intensity categories were not consistently indicative of childhood morbidity at baseline or during the first two years of a preventive chemotherapy control program.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight Among School Age Children Aged 6-12 Years in Debre Tabor Town, South Gondar, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiwot Yisak ◽  
Melaku Tadege ◽  
Birhanie Ambaw ◽  
Amien Ewunetei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
School Age ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aim: Underweight, wasting and stunting are the commonest nutritional disorders among school age children especially in developing countries. This public health significant problem impairs the intellectual development of a child. The aim of this study was assessment of the Prevalence and Determinant factors of under nutrition among school age children aged 6-12 years Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Debre Tabor town elementary schools among 314 school age children. The sample was allocated to all elementary schools proportionally to their number of school age children aged 6-12 years in 2018. WHO Antro- Plus was used to build Z-scores from anthropometric measurement. The data were analyzed by SPSS Version 20. The degrees of association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using OR and 95% Confidence interval during logistic regression. P-value less than 0.05was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total study participants, 232(77.3%) were from public schools. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of height of children was 132.915 ±9.824cm and the mean ± standard deviation (SD) weight of children was 27.65 ±5.785 Kg. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 11%, 6.3%, and 11.4% respectively. Students who ate their breakfast rarely were 8 times more likely to be underweight than those who ate their breakfast always (AOR =7.94 95%CI, 4.82-14.80). Those who were sick were more likely to be underweight than their counterparts AOR= 7.3, 95%CI, 2.8-14.4).Those who never consume milk or milk products were 6.5 (AOR= 6.5, 95%CI, 1.7-23) times more likely to be stunted than those who consumed always. Sickness in the past two weeks was significantly associated with thinness (AOR= 6 .93, 95%CI, 4.12- 10.06).Conclusions: The overall prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight was mild public health problem in this study.

scholarly journals Serological Evaluation of Onchocerciasis and Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in the Bakoye and Falémé foci, Mali

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Housseini Dolo ◽  
Yaya I Coulibaly ◽  
Moussa Sow ◽  
Massitan Dembélé ◽  
Salif S Doumbia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Morbidity Control ◽  
Stopping Treatment

Abstract Background In Mali, ivermectin-based onchocerciasis elimination from the Bakoye and Falémé foci, reported in 2009–2012, was a beacon leading to policy shifting from morbidity control to elimination of transmission (EOT). These foci are also endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF). In 2007–2016 mass ivermectin plus albendazole administration was implemented. We report Ov16 (onchocerciasis) and Wb123 (LF) seroprevalence after 24–25 years of treatment to evaluate if onchocerciasis EOT and LF elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) have been achieved. Methods The SD Bioline Onchocerciasis/LF IgG4 biplex rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used in 2,186 children aged 3–10 years in 13 villages (plus two hamlets) in Bakoye, and 2,270 children in 15 villages (plus one hamlet) in Falémé. In Bakoye, all-age serosurveys were conducted in three historically hyperendemic villages, testing 1,867 individuals aged 3–78 years. Results In Bakoye, IgG4 seropositivity was 0.27% (95%CI=0.13–0.60%) for both Ov16 and Wb123 antigens. In Falémé, Ov16 and Wb123 seroprevalence was, respectively, 0.04% (95%CI=0.01–0.25%) and 0.09% (95%CI=0.02–0.32%). Ov16-seropositive children were from historically meso- and hyperendemic villages. Ov16 positivity was &lt;2% in those ≤14 years, increasing to 16% in those ≥40 years. Wb123 seropositivity was &lt;2% in those ≤39 years, reaching 3% in those ≥40 years. Conclusions Notwithstanding uncertainty in the biplex RDT sensitivity, Ov16 and Wb123 seroprevalence among children in Bakoye and Falémé appears consistent with EOT (onchocerciasis) and EPHP (LF) since stopping treatment in 2016. The few Ov16-seropositive children should be skin-snip PCR tested and followed up.

scholarly journals Anemia of School-Age Children in Primary Schools in Southern China Should Be Paid More Attention despite the Significant Improvement at National Level: Based on Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance Data (2016–2017)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3705
Author(s):  
Shujuan Li ◽  
Xue Cheng ◽  
Dongmei Yu ◽  
Liyun Zhao ◽  
Hongyan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Southern China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

Globally, anemia among school-age children (SAC) remains a serious public health problem, impacting their growth, development, educational attainment and future learning potential. National and subnational anemia prevalence among SAC in China has not been assessed recently. Based on data from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2016–2017), the current anemia status of SAC in primary schools in China was investigated. Anemia prevalence of SAC in primary schools in China was 4.4%, dropping 63.6% compared with that in 2002. Even though anemia was no longer a significant public health problem at the national level, there were significant spatial disparities of anemia prevalence in different areas: anemia prevalence in 63% of provinces of northern and eastern China has lowered to below 5%, while in provinces of southern China, it was still ranging from 5% to 11.0%, about 3 times of other areas. For those children in southern China, mother’s education level (OR = 1.24, p = 0.04) and father’s education level (OR = 1.27, p = 0.01) below senior high school, eating meat less than 3 times per week (OR = 1.18, p = 0.01) were risk factors of anemia. Older age (OR = 0.35–0.72, p < 0.01) was a protective factor. Targeted interventions should be taken to improve SAC anemia in Southern China, despite anemia of SAC in primary schools no longer being a significant public health problem.

scholarly journals Anaemia in schoolchildren in eight countries in Africa and Asia

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew Hall ◽  
Emily Bobrow ◽  
Simon Brooker ◽  
Matthew Jukes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
African Countries ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the haemoglobin concentrations and prevalence of anaemia in schoolchildren in eight countries in Africa and Asia.DesignBlood samples were collected during surveys of the health of schoolchildren as a part of programmes to develop school-based health services.SettingRural schools in Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Tanzania and Vietnam.SubjectsNearly 14 000 children enrolled in basic education in three age ranges (7&ndash;11 years, 12&ndash;14 years and &Auml;15 years) which reflect the new UNICEF/WHO thresholds to define anaemia.ResultsAnaemia was found to be a severe public health problem (defined as >40% anaemic) in five African countries for children aged 7–11 years and in four of the same countries for children aged 12–14 years. Anaemia was not a public health problem in the children studied in the two Asian countries. More boys than girls were anaemic, and children who enrolled late in school were more likely to be anaemic than children who enrolled closer to the correct age. The implications of the four new thresholds defining anaemia for school-age children are examined.ConclusionsAnaemia is a significant problem in schoolchildren in sub-Saharan Africa. School-based health services which provide treatments for simple conditions that cause blood loss, such as worms, followed by multiple micronutrient supplements including iron, have the potential to provide relief from a large burden of anaemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Intensity, and Correlates of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among School Children after a Decade of Preventive Chemotherapy in Western Rwanda

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Joseph Kabatende ◽  
Michael Mugisha ◽  
Lazare Ntirenganya ◽  
Abbie Barry ◽  
Eugene Ruberanziza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
School Children ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Preventive chemotherapy (PC) is a WHO-recommended core intervention measures to eliminate Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) as a public health problem by 2020, defined as a reduction in prevalence to <1% of moderate or high-intensity infection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence, intensity, and correlates of STH after a decade of PC in Rwanda. A total of 4998 school children (5–15 years old) from four districts along Lake Kivu in the western province were screened for STH using Kato-Katz. The overall prevalence of Soil-transmitted helminths among school children was 77.7% (range between districts = 54% to 92%). Trichirus trichiura was the most common STH (66.8%, range between districts = 23% to 88.2%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (49.9%, range between district = 28.5% to 63.3%) and hookworms (1.9%, range between districts = 0.6% to 2.9%). The prevalence of single, double and of triple parasite coinfection were 48.6%, 50.3%, and 1.1%, respectively. The overall prevalence of moderate or high-intensity infection for Trichirus trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides was 7.1% and 13.9, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed that male sex, district, stunting, and schistosomiasis coinfection as significant predictors of STH infection. Despite a decade of PC implementation, STH remain a significant public health problem in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Control and elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem thresholds fail to differentiate schistosomiasis morbidity prevalence in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Wiegand ◽  
W Evan Secor ◽  
Fiona M Fleming ◽  
Michael D French ◽  
Charles H King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Current World Health Organization guidelines utilize prevalence of heavy-intensity infections (PHI), i.e., ≥50 eggs per 10ml of urine for Schistosoma haematobium and ≥400 eggs per gram of stool for S. mansoni, to determine whether a targeted area has controlled schistosomiasis morbidity or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem. The relationship between these PHI categories and morbidity is not well understood. Methods School-aged participants enrolled in schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation cohorts from 2003-2008 in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia were surveyed for infection and morbidity at baseline and after 1 and 2 rounds of preventive chemotherapy. Logistic regression was used to compare morbidity prevalence among participants based on their school’s PHI category. Findings Microhematuria levels were associated with the S. haematobium PHI categories at all three time points. For any other S. haematobium or S. mansoni morbidity that was measured, PHI categories did not differentiate morbidity prevalence levels consistently. Interpretation These analyses suggest that current PHI categorizations do not differentiate the prevalence of standard morbidity markers. A reevaluation of the criteria for schistosomiasis control is warranted. Funding The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (now the SCI Foundation) was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant 13122).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia in Children from Latin America and the Caribbean and Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta–Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Iglesias Vázquez ◽  
Edith Valera ◽  
Marcela Villalobos ◽  
Mónica Tous ◽  
Victoria Arija
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia affects 1.62 billion people worldwide. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) comprise several developing countries where children are a population at risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia in this population. Electronic databases, reference lists, and websites of health ministries were searched until December 2018. Stratified analyses were performed using RevMan5.3 to estimate the overall prevalence of anemia in preschool and school-age children. The effectiveness of nutritional interventions was also evaluated. We included 61 studies from the 917 reviewed, which included 128,311 preschool- and 38,028 school-age children from 21 LAC countries. The number of anemic children was 32.93% and 17.49%, respectively, demonstrating a significant difference according to age (p < 0.01). No difference was observed by gender and only school-age children from low/very low socioeconomic status (SES) (25.75%) were more prone to anemia than those from middle SES (7.90%). It was not a concern in the Southern Cone but constituted a serious public health problem in the Latin Caribbean. Nutritional interventions reduced the prevalence from 45% to 25% (p < 0.01). Anemia is still a public health problem for children in LAC countries. National surveys should include school-age children. Further nutritional interventions are required to control anemia.

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