Uniparental Genetic Heritage of Belarusians: Encounter of Rare Middle Eastern Matrilineages with a Central European Mitochondrial DNA Pool

The paternal origins of Thoroughbred racehorses trace back to a handful of Middle Eastern stallions, imported to the British Isles during the seventeenth century. Yet, few details of the foundation mares were recorded, in many cases not even their names (several different maternal lineages trace back to ‘A Royal Mare’). This has fuelled intense speculation over their origins. We examined mitochondrial DNA from 1929 horses to determine the origin of Thoroughbred foundation mares. There is no evidence to support exclusive Arab maternal origins as some historical records have suggested, or a significant importation of Oriental mares (the term used in historic records to refer to Middle East and western Asian breeds including Arab, Akhal-Teke, Barb and Caspian). Instead, we show that Thoroughbred foundation mares had a cosmopolitan European heritage with a far greater contribution from British and Irish Native mares than previously recognized.

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Phylogeography of the Middle Eastern tree frogs (Hyla, Hylidae, Amphibia) as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation, with a description of a new species

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 1146-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Václav Gvoždík ◽

Jiří Moravec ◽

Cornelya Klütsch ◽

Petr Kotlík

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

New Species ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Tree Frogs ◽

A New Species

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Contribution to the molecular phylogeny of Sciaridae (Diptera) with special attention to the genera Bradysia and Corynoptera

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4951 (2) ◽

pp. 391-400

Author(s):

WOLFGANG ARTHOFER ◽

ANDREA GOLLNER ◽

KAI HELLER ◽

FLORIAN M. STEINER ◽

BIRGIT C. SCHLICK-STEINER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Dna Markers ◽

New Genus ◽

Close Relation ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Central European ◽

The North ◽

Per Gene

The systematics of the dipteran family Sciaridae is based mainly on morphological characters and has remained quite controversial. In this study, we used two mitochondrial DNA markers (CO1, 16S) and a nuclear one (28S) to take a glimpse into phylogenetic relationships of part of the North and Central European Sciaridae. A total of 91 species from 19 genera were analysed using Maximum Likelihood based phylogenetics (depending on the availability of valid sequences, 50–70 per gene). We strengthen the suggestion of the Chaetosciara group as an independent subfamily. Within the subfamily Megalosphyinae, two separate Bradysia clades were identified, suggesting a close relation between the genera Zygoneura, Austrosciara, and Scatopsciara. The genus Alpinosciara gen. n. is established to place the species of the former Corynoptera crassistylata group inside the subfamily Megalosphyinae. This new genus now includes 22 species.

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“Like Sugar in Milk”: Reconstructing the genetic history of the Parsi population

10.1101/128777 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Gyaneshwer Chaubey ◽

Qasim Ayub ◽

Niraj Rai ◽

Satya Prakash ◽

Veena Mushrif-Tripathy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

South Asia ◽

South Asian ◽

Dna Markers ◽

South Asians ◽

Demographic History ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Religious Community ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

History Of

AbstractBackgroundThe Parsis, one of the smallest religious community in the world, reside in South Asia. Previous genetic studies on them, although based on low resolution markers, reported both Iranian and Indian ancestries. To understand the population structure and demographic history of this group in more detail, we analyzed Indian and Pakistani Parsi populations using high-resolution autosomal and uniparental (Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA) markers. Additionally, we also assayed 108 mitochondrial DNA markers among 21 ancient Parsi DNA samples excavated from Sanjan, in present day Gujarat, the place of their original settlement in India.ResultsOur extensive analyses indicated that among present-day populations, the Parsis are genetically closest to Middle Eastern (Iranian and the Caucasus) populations rather than their South Asian neighbors. They also share the highest number of haplotypes with present-day Iranians and we estimate that the admixture of the Parsis with Indian populations occurred ∼1,200 years ago. Enriched homozygosity in the Parsi reflects their recent isolation and inbreeding. We also observed 48% South-Asian-specific mitochondrial lineages among the ancient samples, which might have resulted from the assimilation of local females during the initial settlement.ConclusionsWe show that the Parsis are genetically closest to the Neolithic Iranians, followed by present-day Middle Eastern populations rather than those in South Asia and provide evidence of sex-specific admixture from South Asians to the Parsis. Our results are consistent with the historically-recorded migration of the Parsi populations to South Asia in the 7thcentury and in agreement with their assimilation into the Indian sub-continent’s population and cultural milieu “like sugar in milk”. Moreover, in a wider context our results suggest a major demographic transition in West Asia due to Islamic-conquest.

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Substantivní teorie vojenského převratu: příčinné faktory

Středoevropské politické studie Central European Political Studies Review ◽

10.5817/cepsr.2015.34.276 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3-4) ◽

pp. 276-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lukáš Martinák

Keyword(s):

Middle Eastern ◽

Formal Theory ◽

Review Article ◽

Military Coup ◽

European Perspective ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Central European ◽

Significant Phenomenon ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Military

The review article provides an analysis of Anglo-Saxon literature specialized in military coup research, especially that which focused on substantive theories of military coup inception and execution. The main goal of the article is to present previous military coup research and to minimize the conceptual gap between Anglo-Saxon and Czech political science with regard to the understanding of such a significant phenomenon. Starting with a definition of the military coup, the article’s goal is to describe and critically analyze ten separate substantive theories (such as the theory of military centrality, the theory of the coup trap, contagion theory, or linkage and leverage theory). From a Central European perspective, these theories offer a sufficient basis for additive coup research focused on European or Middle Eastern conditions. However, from the perspective of the requirements of a generally applicable formal theory, substantive theories provide limited conceptual instruments, which should be used carefully with respect to the specifications of particular cases.

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D-Loop-BASE is online now Central European database of mitochondrial DNA

International Congress Series ◽

10.1016/s0531-5131(02)00585-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1239 ◽

pp. 505-509

Author(s):

Holger Wittig ◽

Mike Koecke ◽

Kai-Uwe Sattler ◽

Dieter Krause

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Central European ◽

European Database ◽

D Loop

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Evaluation of the dark field method for large association of spread DNA

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081814 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

Douglas C. Barker

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Field Method ◽

Dark Field ◽

Kinetoplast Dna ◽

Field Electron ◽

Field Electron Microscopy ◽

Dark Field Electron

A number of satisfactory methods are available for the electron microscopy of nicleic acids. These methods concentrated on fragments of nuclear, viral and mitochondrial DNA less than 50 megadaltons, on denaturation and heteroduplex mapping (Davies et al 1971) or on the interaction between proteins and DNA (Brack and Delain 1975). Less attention has been paid to the experimental criteria necessary for spreading and visualisation by dark field electron microscopy of large intact issociations of DNA. This communication will report on those criteria in relation to the ultrastructure of the (approx. 1 x 10-14g) DNA component of the kinetoplast from Trypanosomes. An extraction method has been developed to eliminate native endonucleases and nuclear contamination and to isolate the kinetoplast DNA (KDNA) as a compact network of high molecular weight. In collaboration with Dr. Ch. Brack (Basel [nstitute of Immunology), we studied the conditions necessary to prepare this KDNA Tor dark field electron microscopy using the microdrop spreading technique.

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Properties of Isolated Mitochondria of Agaricus Bisporus: Their Relationship to Dormancy and the Germination of Spores

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072733 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 458-459

Author(s):

K. S. McCarty ◽

R. F. Weave ◽

L. Kemper ◽

F. S. Vogel

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Ethidium Bromide ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Osmotic Shock ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Isolated Mitochondria ◽

Dna Strands ◽

Cytoplasmic Ribosomes

During the prodromal stages of sporulation in the Basidiomycete, Agaricus bisporus, mitochondria accumulate in the basidial cells, zygotes, in the gill tissues prior to entry of these mitochondria, together with two haploid nuclei and cytoplasmic ribosomes, into the exospores. The mitochondria contain prominent loci of DNA [Fig. 1]. A modified Kleinschmidt spread technique1 has been used to evaluate the DNA strands from purified whole mitochondria released by osmotic shock, mitochondrial DNA purified on CsCl gradients [density = 1.698 gms/cc], and DNA purified on ethidium bromide CsCl gradients. The DNA appeared as linear strands up to 25 u in length and circular forms 2.2-5.2 u in circumference. In specimens prepared by osmotic shock, many strands of DNA are apparently attached to membrane fragments [Fig. 2]. When mitochondria were ruptured in hypotonic sucrose and then fixed in glutaraldehyde, the ribosomes were released for electron microscopic examination.

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