Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease and Subjective Memory Impairment across Age Groups

Abstract Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed from 2004-2016. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factors for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16.7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and were located anywhere within the hippocampus. DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). We have found that depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may predict TGA recurrence.

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Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

10.21203/rs.2.14479/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Tynas ◽

Peter K Panegyres

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Head Injury ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Clinical History ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

History Of ◽

Global Amnesia

Abstract Background: Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. Methods: We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed from 2004-2016. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Results: Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factors for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16.7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and were located anywhere within the hippocampus. Conclusions: DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). We have found that depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may predict TGA recurrence.

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Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

10.21203/rs.2.14479/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Tynas ◽

Peter K Panegyres

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Family History ◽

Head Injury ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

History Of ◽

Global Amnesia

Abstract Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed up regarding recurrence and prognostic factors. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factor for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16,7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and located anywhere within the hippocampus. DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). Findings suggest TGA is a heterogeneous syndrome. Among those with recurrence, depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may be predictive factors. Encouraging primary prevention of head injury, managing depression and assisting in development of adequate coping mechanisms may decrease incidence. Education of healthcare works will also increase diagnostic rates, allowing for improved education and comfort for patients and families.

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P1-314: THE EVOLUTION OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE FROM SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT, AMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT TO ALZHEIMER DISEASE

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.321 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (7S_Part_7) ◽

pp. P412-P412

Author(s):

Ta-Fu Chen ◽

Ya-Fang Chen ◽

Rwei-Fen S. Huang ◽

Ming-Jang Chiu

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment

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Alzheimer’s disease risk factors as mediators of subjective memory impairment and objective memory decline: protocol for a construct-level replication analysis

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-018-0954-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikki L. Hill ◽

Jacqueline Mogle

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Memory Decline ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

Replication Analysis

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Risk factors of major depression in the elderly

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.036 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Reinhard Heun ◽

Sandra Hein

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractBackgroundSeveral risk factors of depression have been identified in retrospective as well as some prospective studies in the elderly. Confirmation in independent samples is needed. The present follow-up study prospectively investigated risk factors of depression in an elderly German sample.MethodsOne thousand four hundred and thirty-one subjects from a family study were re-investigated after 4.7 ± 2.5 years. Bivariate and multivariate forward logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of the development of new depression in the elderly.ResultsRisk factors of a new depressive episode in 1408 elderly without current depression were age, female gender, a previous depression, subjective memory impairment, previous anxiety and somatoform disorders. The presence of dementia or mild cognitive impairment were significant risk factors in bivariate, but not multivariate analysis controlling for possible confounding. Risk factors of a first geriatric depressive episode were age, gender and subjective memory impairment; age remained the only significant risk factor in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis investigation confirms previous studies from other countries concerning the relevance of risk factors for depression in the elderly. The knowledge of risk factors might help identify subjects at increased risk of depression for early intervention approaches. Elderly with a history of previous depression carry the highest risk.

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The Anterior-posterior Functional Connectivity Disconnection in the Elderly with Subjective Memory Impairment and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205017666200525015017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 373-381

Author(s):

Wuhai Tao ◽

Jinping Sun ◽

Xin Li ◽

Wen Shao ◽

Jing Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Long Distance ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment

Background: Subjective Memory Impairment (SMI) may tremendously increase the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The full understanding of the neuromechanism of SMI will shed light on the early intervention of AD. Methods: In the current study, 23 Healthy Controls (HC), 22 SMI subjects and 24 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) subjects underwent the comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The difference in the connectivity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Functional Connectivity (FC) from the Region of Interest (ROI) to the whole brain were compared, respectively. Results: The results showed that HC and SMI subjects had significantly higher connectivity in the region of the precuneus area compared to aMCI subjects. However, from this region to the whole brain, SMI and aMCI subjects had significant FC decrease in the right anterior cingulum, left superior frontal and left medial superior frontal gyrus compared to HC. In addition, this FC change was significantly correlated with the cognitive function decline in participants. Conclusion: Our study indicated that SMI subjects had relatively intact DMN connectivity but impaired FC between the anterior and posterior brain. The findings suggest that long-distance FC is more vulnerable than the short ones in the people with SMI.

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Parental dementia and subjective memory impairment in the health and retirement study

Aging & Mental Health ◽

10.1080/13607863.2021.1910790 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Tyler R. Bell ◽

Nikki L. Hill ◽

Sakshi Bhargava ◽

Jacqueline Mogle

Keyword(s):

Memory Impairment ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

Retirement Study

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Long-term subjective memory after electroconvulsive therapy

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2020.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert Sigström ◽

Axel Nordenskjöld ◽

Anders Juréus ◽

Caitlin Clements ◽

Erik Joas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Negative Expectations

Background There have been reports of long-term subjective memory worsening after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Aims To study the prevalence and risk factors of long-term subjective memory worsening among patients receiving ECT in routine clinical practice. Method Patients (n = 535, of whom 277 were included in the final analysis) were recruited from eight Swedish hospitals. Participants' subjective memory impairment was assessed before ECT and a median of 73 days after ECT using the memory item from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Participants also rated their pre-ECT expectations and post-ECT evaluations of the effect of ECT on memory on a 7-point scale. We used ordinal regression to identify variables associated with subjective memory worsening and negative evaluations of the effect of ECT on memory. Results Comparisons of pre- and post-ECT assessments showed that subjective memory worsened in 16.2% of participants, remained unchanged in 52.3% and improved in 31.4%. By contrast, when asked to evaluate the effect of ECT on memory after treatment 54.6% reported a negative effect. Subjective memory worsening was associated with negative expectations before ECT, younger age and shorter duration of follow-up. Conclusions Although subjective memory improved more often than it worsened when assessed before and after ECT, a majority of patients reported that ECT had negative effects on their memory when retrospectively asked how ECT had affected it. This might suggest that some patients attribute pre-existing subjective memory impairment to ECT. Clinicians should be aware that negative expectations are associated with subjective worsening of memory after ECT.

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