Gift-Giving and Network Structure in Rural China: Utilizing Long-Term Spontaneous Gift Records

The purpose of innovation is to consume fewer natural resources in order to create sustainable performance; therefore, innovation can ease the pressure of the ecological load and promote the sustainable development of the economy. Taking the 269 enterprises listed on the main board of the electronic information industry from 2010 to 2019 as samples, using the threshold panel data model, the nonlinear relationship between the knowledge-based network structure hole and the short-term and long-term innovation performance of the enterprises were studied, and the threshold effect of R&D investment intensity was discussed. When the R&D investment intensity is from 1.96% to 15.96%, the knowledge-based network structure hole has a significant positive impact on short-term innovation performance. When the R&D investment intensity is from 5.72% to 10.64%, the knowledge-based network structure hole has a significant positive effect on long-term innovation performance. Lower R&D investment intensity can make the knowledge-based network structure hole promote the increase of short term innovation performance, but to make the knowledge-based network structure hole have a positive impact on long term innovation performance, the R&D investment intensity should be increased by more than 5.72%. When R&D investment intensity is not higher than 15.96%, the knowledge-based network structure hole has a significant positive impact on short term innovation performance, but to make the knowledge-based network structure hole maintain the positive effect on long term innovation performance, R&D investment intensity should not exceed 10.64%. Therefore, enterprises should be guided to optimize the knowledge-based network structure according to the R&D investment intensity in order to improve the short term and long-term innovation performance of an enterprise. These research results can help enterprises to save resources and promote the sustainable development of the economy.

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Long-term outcomes of an educational intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for childhood upper respiratory tract infections in rural China: Follow-up of a cluster-randomised controlled trial

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1002733 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e1002733 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Xiaolin Wei ◽

Zhitong Zhang ◽

Joseph P. Hicks ◽

John D. Walley ◽

Rebecca King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural China ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Tract Infections

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A Case Control Study of Suicides in China with and Without Mental Disorder

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.68 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 68-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Liang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Life Events ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Rural China ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Psychological Autopsy ◽

History Of ◽

Different Populations ◽

Control Study

Background: Chinese suicide samples have provided opportunities to study the differences between suicides with and without psychiatric diagnoses. Aims: To examine the differences between suicides with and without mental disorders. Methods: Sixty-six suicides and 66 living controls were studied with psychological autopsy interviews in rural China. Those who died by suicide with (n = 45) and without (n = 21) mental disorders were compared on demographic characteristics, suicidal behavior, social support, life events, and depressive symptoms (as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD). Results: Suicides with and without psychiatric diagnoses had significant differences in many demographic and social factors. In comparison with suicides with psychiatric diagnoses, suicides without psychiatric diagnoses were younger, were better educated, had higher income, were more likely to kill themselves using pesticides or other poisons, were less likely to have a history of prior suicide attempt, had less long-term life events and more recent life events, and scored lower on HAMD. Conclusions: These two groups might be from two different populations. This finding has important implications for more effective and targeted suicide prevention strategies in China.

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Aspects of Marriage in Three South-western Villages

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0305741000040753 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 323-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stevan Harrell

Keyword(s):

Rural China ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Family ◽

The One

In their effect on marriage and the family, as in so many other domains, the reforms can be seen as having a dual thrust. On the one hand, by giving the land in long-term leases back to the family, and allowing it to invest in a variety of small and medium-sized ventures, they have restored something like the situation in rural China before the collectivization of 1956, when the family estate was the source of income and investment in opportunity for most rural Chinese. On the other hand, the reforms have been undertaken explicitly in the name of modernization, and the increases in both agricultural and rural industrial yields, along with the rise in household entrepreneurship, have taken China in some ways even further from the feudalism of pre-revolutionary days than it was during the collective era.

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Research of the System Based on BP Network for the Prediction of Grape Disease

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.476 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 462-463 ◽

pp. 476-480

Author(s):

Feng Bao ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Zhen Hui Ren

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Network Model ◽

Network Structure ◽

Good Effect ◽

Bp Network ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Sample Data ◽

Long Term Prediction ◽

Selection Of

The text introduced a system based on BP network for the prediction of grape disease. It included the design of a network structure, the selection of parameter for network study, the processing of sample data etc. With the use of BP network model, this system can forecast the extent of grape disease, so it is applicable to the conditions which have many influencing factors, complicated relationship, difficulty of analyze quantitatively and requirement of long-term prediction. Using this system to the prediction of grape disease in Zhuo Lu area Zhang Jia Kou city, the authors obtained a good effect, which is of value to the prediction of grape disease occurrence.

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Differences in mortality and suicidal behaviour between treated and never-treated people with schizophrenia in rural China

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055301 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 195 (2) ◽

pp. 126-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Mao-Sheng Ran ◽

Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan ◽

Eric Yu-Hai Chen ◽

Wen-Jun Mao ◽

Shi-Hui Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Rural China ◽

Middle Income ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Mortality Ratio ◽

Long Term Mortality

BackgroundMany people with schizophrenia remain untreated in the community. Long-term mortality and suicidal behaviour among never-treated individuals with schizophrenia in the community are unknown.AimsTo explore 10-year mortality and suicidal behaviour among never-treated individuals with schizophrenia.MethodWe used data from a 10-year prospective follow-up study (1994–2004) among people with schizophrenia in Xinjin County, Chengdu, China.ResultsThe mortality rate for never-treated individuals with schizophrenia was 2761 per 100 000 person-years during follow-up. There were no significant differences of rates of suicide and all-cause mortality between never-treated and treated individuals. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for never-treated people was 10.4 (95% CI 7.2–15.2) and for treated individuals 6.5 (95% CI 5.2–8.5). Compared with treated people, never-treated individuals were more likely to be older, poorer, have a longer duration of illness, marked symptoms and fewer family members.ConclusionsThe never-treated individuals have similar mortality to and a higher proportion of marked symptoms than treated people, which may reflect the poor outcome of the individuals without treatment. The higher rates of mortality, homelessness and never being treated among people with schizophrenia in low- and middle-income nations might challenge presumed wisdom about schizophrenia outcomes in these countries.

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