scholarly journals Urbanized White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) as Carriers of Salmonella enterica of Significance to Public Health and Wildlife

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia M. Hernandez ◽  
Catharine N. Welch ◽  
Valerie E. Peters ◽  
Erin K. Lipp ◽  
Shannon Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Eudocimus Albus

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Isolates from Healthy and Diseased Pigs in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGMA DORJI TAMANG ◽  
MAMATA GURUNG ◽  
HYANG-MI NAM ◽  
DONG CHAN MOON ◽  
GEUM-CHAN JANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Concern

This study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of virulence genes in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium isolated from healthy and diseased pigs in Korea. A total of 456 Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from healthy (n = 238) and diseased (n = 218) pigs between 1998 and 2011 were investigated. In total, 93.4% of the Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent tested. The isolates were most often resistant to tetracycline (85.7%), followed by streptomycin (83.6%), nalidixic acid (67.3%), ampicillin (49.3%), chloramphenicol (42.8%), and gentamicin (37.1%). Moreover, multidrug resistance phenotype and resistance to ampicillin, florfenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from the diseased pigs compared with those from the healthy pigs. The most common resistance pattern observed in both groups of isolates was streptomycin-tetracycline. Overall, more than 96% of the isolates tested possessed invA, spiA, msgA, sipB, prgH, spaN, tolC, lpfC, sifA, sitC, and sopB virulence genes. The prevalence of orgA, pagC, and iroN were 50.2, 74.1, and 91.0%, respectively, whereas isolates carrying cdtB (1.5%), pefA (7.0%), and spvB (14.9%) were identified much less frequently. Furthermore, the prevalence of invA, lpfC, orgA, pagC, and iroN was significantly higher (P < 0.01) among the isolates from the diseased pigs than in isolates from the healthy pigs. Our results demonstrated that, among diseased pigs, there was significantly higher resistance to some antimicrobials and greater prevalence of some virulence genes than in healthy pigs, indicating the role these factors play in pathogenesis. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates that carry virulence-associated genes are potentially more dangerous and constitute a public health concern. Thus, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics in Salmonella is essential.

scholarly journals Enhanced Survival of Salmonella enterica in Vesicles Released by a Soilborne Tetrahymena Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1562-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Brandl ◽  
B. M. Rosenthal ◽  
A. F. Haxo ◽  
S. G. Berk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Initial Ratio ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT Nondestructive ingestion by soilborne protozoa may enhance the environmental resiliency of important bacterial pathogens and may model how such bacteria evade destruction in human macrophages. Here, the interaction of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson with a soilborne Tetrahymena sp. isolate was examined using serovar Thompson cells labeled with the green fluorescent protein. The bacteria were mixed in solution with cells of Tetrahymena at several ratios. During incubation with serovar Thompson, Tetrahymena cells released a large number of vesicles containing green fluorescent serovar Thompson cells. In comparison, grazing on Listeria monocytogenes cells resulted in their digestion and thus the infrequent release of this pathogen in vesicles. The number of serovar Thompson cells per vesicle increased significantly as the initial ratio of serovar Thompson to Tetrahymena cells increased from 500:1 to 5,000:1. The density of serovar Thompson was as high as 50 cells per vesicle. Staining with propidium iodide revealed that a significantly higher proportion of serovar Thompson cells remained viable when enclosed in vesicles than when free in solution. Enhanced survival rates were observed in vesicles that were secreted by both starved (F = 28.3, P < 0.001) and unstarved (F = 14.09, P < 0.005) Tetrahymena cells. Sequestration in vesicles also provided greater protection from low concentrations of calcium hypochlorite. Thus, the release of this human pathogen from Tetrahymena cells in high-density clusters enclosed in a membrane may have important implications for public health.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and Resistome Epidemiology of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Africa: A Systematic Review and Genomic Meta-Analysis from a One-Health Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Osei Sekyere ◽  
Melese Abate Reta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
One Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Evolutionary Epidemiology ◽  
English Articles

AbstractObjectives/BackgroundsAntibiotic resistance (ABR) remains a major threat to public health and infectious disease management globally. However, ABR ramifications in developing countries is worsened by limited molecular diagnostics, expensive therapeutics, inadequate skilled clinicians and scientists, and unsanitary environments.MethodsData on specimens, species, clones, resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and diagnostics were extracted and analysed from English articles published between 2015 and December 2019. The genomes and resistomes of the various species, obtained from PATRIC and NCBI, were analysed phylogenetically using RAxML and annotated with Figtree. The phylogeography of resistant clones/clades was mapped manually.Results & conclusionThirty species from 31 countries and 24 genera from 41 countries were respectively analysed from 146 articles and 3028 genomes. Genes mediating resistance to β-lactams (including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaOXA-48/181), fluoroquinolones (oqxAB, qnrA/B/D/S, gyrA/B and parCE mutations etc.), aminoglycosides (including armA, rmtC/F), sulphonamides (sul-1/2/3), trimethoprim (dfrA), tetracycline (tet(A/B/C/D/G/O/M/39)), colistin (mcr-1), phenicols (catA/B, cmlA), and fosfomycin (fosA) were mostly found in Enterobacter spp. and K. pneumoniae, and also in Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter baumannii, etc. on mostly IncF-type, IncX3/4, ColRNAI, and IncR plasmids, within IntI1 gene cassettes, insertion sequences and transposons. Clonal and multiclonal outbreaks and dissemination of resistance genes across species, countries and between humans, animals, plants and the environment were observed; E. coli ST103, K. pneumoniae ST101, S. enterica ST1/2 and V. cholerae ST69/515 were common strains. Most pathogens were of human origin and zoonotic transmissions were relatively limited. One Health studies in Africa are needed.Highlights/SignificanceAntibiotic resistance (AR) is one of the major public health threats and challenges to effective containment and treatment of infectious bacterial diseases worldwide. Herein, we used different methods to map out the geographical hotspots, sources and evolutionary epidemiology of AR. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Neisseria meningitis/gonnorhoeae, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni etc. were common pathogens shuttling AR genes. Transmission of same clones/strains across countries and between animals, humans, plants and the environment were observed. We recommend Enterobacter spp. or K. pneumoniae as better model/index organisms for AR surveillance.

scholarly journals A Severe Gastroenteritis Outbreak of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Linked to Contaminated Egg Fried Rice, China, 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowen Zhang ◽  
Kangkang Liu ◽  
Zhenbiao Zhang ◽  
Sai Tian ◽  
Meiling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Salmonella contamination of eggs and egg shells has been identified as a public health problem worldwide. Here, we reported an outbreak of severe gastrointestinal symptoms caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) in China. We evaluated the outbreak by using epidemiological surveys, routine laboratory testing methods, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). This outbreak occurred in a canteen in Beijing, during March 9–11, 2021, 225 of the 324 diners who have eaten at the canteen showed gastrointestinal symptoms. The outbreak had characteristical epidemiological and clinical features. It caused a very high attack rate (69.4%) in a short incubation time. All patients developed diarrhea and high fever, accompanied by abdominal pain (62.3%), nausea (50.4%), and vomiting (62.7%). The average frequency of diarrhea was 12.4 times/day, and the highest frequency of diarrhea was as high as 50 times/day. The average fever temperature was 39.4°C, and the highest fever temperature was 42°C. Twenty strains of S. enteritidis were recovered, including 19 from the patients samples, and one from remained egg fried rice. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that the 20 outbreak strains all had the same resistance pattern. PFGE results demonstrated that all 20 strains bore completely identical bands. Phylogenetic analysis based on WGS revealed that all 20 outbreak strains were tightly clustered together. So the pathogenic source of this food poisoning incident may was contaminated egg fried rice. Resistance gene analysis showed that the outbreak strains are all multi-drug resistant strains. Virulence gene analysis indicated that these outbreak strains carried a large number of virulence genes, including 2 types of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Other important virulence genes were also carried by the outbreak strains, such as pefABCD, rck and shdA. And the shdA gene was not in other strains located in the same evolutionary branch as the outbreak strain. We speculated that this is a significant reason for the serious symptoms of gastroenteritis in this outbreak. This outbreak caused by S. enteritidis suggested government should strengthen monitoring of the prevalence of outbreak clone strains, and take measures to mitigate the public health threat posed by contaminated eggs.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Public Health Dilemma of Lactose-Fermenting Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in Cattle in the Northeastern United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. McDonough ◽  
Sang J. Shin ◽  
Donald H. Lein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Production

The presence of lactose-fermenting Salmonella strains in clinical case materials presented to microbiology laboratories presents problems in detection and identification. Failure to detect these strains also presents a public health problem. The laboratory methods used in detecting lactose-fermenting Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from six outbreaks of salmonellosis in veal calves are described. Each outbreak was caused by a multiply-resistant and lactose-fermenting strain of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium. The use of Levine eosin-methylene blue agar in combination with screening of suspect colonies for C8 esterase enzyme and inoculation of colonies into sulfide-indole-motility medium for hydrogen sulfide production was particularly effective for their detection. A hypothesis for the creation of lactose-fermenting salmonellae in the environment is presented. It is proposed that the environment and husbandry practices of veal-raising barns provide a unique niche in which lactose-fermenting salmonellae may arise.

scholarly journals Fifteen years of successful spread of Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka clone ST413 in Poland and its public health consequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Hoszowski ◽  
Magdalena Zając ◽  
Anna Lalak ◽  
Paweł Przemyk ◽  
Dariusz Wasyl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Health Consequences

scholarly journals Explosive increase of multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in 2001 in the Netherlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
W van Pelt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

From September 2000 and up until the end of that year, the national salmonella centre at the Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM, the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment) has noted an explosive increase of isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 from humans, which has since plateaued at a level double that of previous years (1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document