Soil phosphorus functional fractions and tree tissue nutrient concentrations influenced by stand density in subtropical Chinese fir plantation forests

Purpose: This research was aimed to screen and identify multifunctional phosphorus-dissolving bacteria of a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation and study its phosphorus-dissolving characteristics in order to provide strain resources and a theoretical basis for developing the appropriate bacterial fertilizer of a Chinese fir plantation. Methods: First, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were isolated from the woodland soil of a Chinese fir plantation by Pikovskava inorganic phosphorus medium (PVK). Then, some growth-promoting indicators of primary screening strains were determined, including the capacity of phosphorus-solubilized, nitrogenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), secretion of iron carrier and so on. Finally, the screening multifunctional phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were identified, which were combined with colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests and molecular biotechnology. Results: (1) Thirteen phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were isolated and screened in total, and P5 (195.61 mg·L−1) had the strongest capacity of phosphorus-solubilized. Five phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were provided with nitrogenase activity, and the highest activity of nitrogenase was P10 and P5 (71.90 C2H4 nmol·mL−1·h−1 and 71.00 C2H4 nmol·mL−1·h−1, respectively). Four strains were provided with ACC deaminase activity, and the highest activity of ACC deaminase was P5 and P9, (0.74 μmol·mg−1·h−1 and 0.54 μmol·mg−1·h−1, respectively). Most strains could secrete IAA, and three strains of bacteria had a strong secretory ability, which could secrete IAA with a concentration greater than 15 mg·mL−1, and P5 was 18.00, P2 was 17.30, P6 was 15.59 (mg·mL−1). P5 produced carriers of iron better than others, and the ratio of the diameter of the iron production carrier ring to the diameter of the colony was 1.80, respectively, which was significantly higher than other strains. Combining all kinds of factors, P5 multifunctional phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were screened for eventual further study. (2) Strain P5 was identified as Burkholderia ubonensis, based on the colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, 16SrDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. Conclusion: P5 has a variety of high-efficiency growth-promoting capabilities, and the ability to produce IAA, ACC deaminase activity and siderophore performance are significantly higher than other strains, which had great potential in the development of microbial fertilizer.

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Soil microbial functional diversity and biomass as affected by different thinning intensities in a Chinese fir plantation

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.01.018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Xin-Li Chen ◽

Dong Wang ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Jiao-Jiao Diao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Diversity ◽

Chinese Fir ◽

Microbial Functional Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Chinese Fir Plantation

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Interspecific and geographical differences of plant tissue nutrient concentrations along an environmental gradient in Southern Patagonia, Chile

Aquatic Botany ◽

10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.11.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sebastian Roman Schmidt ◽

Till Kleinebecker ◽

Andreas Vogel ◽

Norbert Hölzel

Keyword(s):

Plant Tissue ◽

Environmental Gradient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Southern Patagonia ◽

Tissue Nutrient Concentrations

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Use of Modified Reineke’s Stand Density Index in Predicting Growth and Survival of Chinese Fir Plantations

Forest Science ◽

10.1093/forsci/fxz033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 776-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiongqing Zhang ◽

Quang V Cao ◽

Lele Lu ◽

Hanchen Wang ◽

Aiguo Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictor Variable ◽

Basal Area ◽

Stand Density ◽

Chinese Fir ◽

The Self ◽

Survival Models ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Density Index ◽

Stand Density Index

Abstract Stand density index (SDI) has played an important role in controlling stand stocking and modeling stand development in forest stands. Reineke’s SDI (SDI_R) is based on a constant slope of –1.605 for the self-thinning line. For Chinese fir plantations, however, it has been reported that the self-thinning slope varied with site and climate, rendering SDI_R questionable. Remeasured data from 48 plots distributed in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Sichuan provinces were used to develop models for prediction of stand survival and basal area, with SDI_R incorporated as a predictor variable. Also included in the evaluation were growth models based on self-thinning slopes estimated from two groups of sites (SDI_S) or from climate variables (SDI_C). Results indicated that models with climate-sensitive SDI (SDI_C) performed best, followed by SDI_S and SDI_R. The control models without SDI received the worst overall rank. Inclusion of climate-sensitive SDI in growth and survival models can therefore facilitate modeling of the relation between stand density and growth/survival under future climate-change conditions.

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Growth, Biomass Production and Root Development of Chinese fir in Relation to Initial Planting Density

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10030236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Taimoor Farooq ◽

Wenjing Wu ◽

Mulualem Tigabu ◽

Xiangqing Ma ◽

Zongming He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Stand Density ◽

Tree Height ◽

Root Systems ◽

Chinese Fir ◽

High Density ◽

Planting Density ◽

Low Density ◽

Intermediate Density

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) is a commercially valuable timber species that is widely planted in southern China and accounts for 6.1% of the global plantation forests. However, appropriate planting density that ensures high plantation productivity is largely unexplored in this species. The aim of the study was to examine tree growth, biomass production, and its allocation among different organs in relation to initial planting density, and to examine whether planting density has an impact on root development. Mortality, diameter at breast height and tree-height of all trees were determined and measured in wider (2.36 × 2.36 m), intermediate (1.83 × 1.83 m) and narrow (1.44 × 1.44 m) spacing with stand density of 1450 trees ha−1, 2460 trees ha−1 and 3950 trees ha−1, respectively. In each stand, three plots of 20 × 20 m at a distance of 500 m were delineated as the sampling unit. Biomass was determined by destructive sampling of trees in each stand and developing allometric equations. Root morphological traits and their spatial distribution were also determined by carefully excavating the root systems. The results showed an increase in diameter of trees with decreasing stand density while tree height was independent of stand density. Biomass production of individual trees was significantly (p < 0.05) less in high-density stand (32.35 ± 2.98 kg tree−1) compared to low-density stand (44.72 ± 4.96 kg tree−1) and intermediate-density stand (61.35 ± 4.78 kg tree−1) while stand biomass production differed significantly in the order of intermediate (67.63 ± 5.14 t ha−1) > high (57.08 ± 3.13 t ha−1) > low (27.39 ± 3.42 t ha−1) stand density. Both average root length and root volume were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the high-density stand than stands with low and intermediate density. Analysis of spatial distribution of root systems revealed no overlap between roots of neighboring trees in the competition zone in low-density stand, a subtle overlap in the intermediate density stand and larger overlap in the high-density stand. It can be concluded that better growth and biomass production in intermediate density stand could be explained by better root structural development coupled with minimal competition with understory vegetation and between trees; thus intermediate stand density can be optimal for sustaining long-term productivity and may reduce the management cost in the early phase of the plantation.

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